Kumanganso mutu ndi nkhope

Kumanganso mutu ndi nkhope ndi opaleshoni yokonzanso kapena kupangitsanso zofooka za mutu ndi nkhope (craniofacial).

Momwe opaleshoni yopunduka mutu ndi nkhope (craniofacial reconstruction) imachitika zimadalira mtundu ndi kuuma kwa kupunduka, komanso momwe munthuyo alili. Mawu azachipatala a opaleshoni iyi ndikumangidwanso kwa craniofacial.

Kukonza maopareshoni kumakhudza chigaza (crane), ubongo, misempha, maso, ndi mafupa ndi khungu la nkhope. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina dokotala wa opaleshoni wapulasitiki (wa khungu ndi nkhope) ndi neurosurgeon (ubongo ndi mitsempha) amagwira ntchito limodzi. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni yamutu ndi khosi amachitanso ntchito zomangidwanso.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachitika mutagona tulo komanso osamva ululu (pansi pa anesthesia). Kuchita opaleshoniyo kumatha kutenga maola 4 kapena 12 kapena kupitilira apo. Mafupa ena akumaso amadulidwa ndikusunthidwa. Pakati pa opaleshoniyi, minofu imasunthidwa ndipo mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha imalumikizidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma microscopic.

Zidutswa za mafupa (zolumikiza mafupa) zimatha kutengedwa m'chiuno, nthiti, kapena chigaza kuti mudzaze malo omwe mafupa amaso ndi kumutu adasunthidwa. Zomangira zing'onozing'ono ndi mbale zopangidwa ndi titaniyamu kapena chida cholumikizira chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosungika chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mafupa akhale m'malo. Zodzala zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Nsagwada zimatha kulumikizidwa pamodzi kuti zigwirizane ndi mafupa atsopano m'malo mwake. Potseka mabowo, matambwe amatha kutengedwa kuchokera m'manja, matako, khoma pachifuwa, kapena ntchafu.

Nthawi zina opaleshoni imayambitsa kutupa kwa nkhope, pakamwa, kapena m'khosi, komwe kumatha milungu ingapo. Izi zitha kuletsa njira yapaulendo. Pachifukwa ichi, mungafunike kukhala ndi tracheostomy kwakanthawi. Ili ndi dzenje laling'ono lomwe limapangidwa m'khosi mwako momwe chubu (endotracheal chubu) imayikidwa panjira yapaulendo (trachea). Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupume pamene nkhope yanu komanso njira yakumtunda yatupa.

Kukonzanso kwa craniofacial kumatha kuchitika ngati pali:

• Zofooka zobadwa ndi kupunduka kuchokera kuzinthu monga milomo yolumikizana kapena m'kamwa, craniosynostosis, Apert syndrome
• Zofooka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni yochitira zotupa
• Kuvulala kumutu, nkhope, kapena nsagwada
• Zotupa

Zowopsa za anesthesia ndi opaleshoni yonse ndi izi:

• Mavuto kupuma
• Zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala
• Kukhetsa magazi, magazi kuundana, matenda

Kuopsa kochitidwa opaleshoni kumutu ndi kumaso ndi:

• Mitsempha (cranial nerve dysfunction) kapena kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Kufunika kwa opaleshoni yotsatira, makamaka kwa ana omwe akukula
• Kutaya pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa mafupa
• Zipsera zosatha

Mavutowa amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe:

• Utsi
• Musakhale ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi
• Khalani ndi matenda ena, monga lupus
• Musayende bwino magazi
• Khalani ndi mitsempha yam'mbuyomu

Mutha kukhala masiku awiri oyambirira mutachitidwa opaleshoni m'chipinda cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya. Ngati mulibe vuto, mudzatha kuchoka mchipatala pasanathe sabata limodzi. Kuchira kwathunthu kumatha kutenga milungu 6 kapena kupitilira apo. Kutupa kumayamba bwino m'miyezi yotsatira.

Mawonekedwe abwinobwino amayembekezereka pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Anthu ena amafunika kutsatira njira pazaka 1 mpaka 4 zikubwerazi.

Ndikofunika kuti musasewera masewera olumikizana nawo kwa miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutachitidwa opaleshoni.

Anthu omwe avulala kwambiri nthawi zambiri amafunika kuthana ndi zovuta zakusokonekera komanso kusintha kwa mawonekedwe awo. Ana ndi akulu omwe adavulala kwambiri atha kukhala ndi nkhawa pambuyo pamavuto, kukhumudwa, komanso nkhawa. Kuyankhula ndi katswiri wazamisala kapena kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira kungakhale kothandiza.

Makolo a ana omwe ali ndi zilema pankhope nthawi zambiri amadzimva olakwa kapena amanyazi, makamaka akakumana ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Pamene ana akukula ndikuzindikira mawonekedwe awo, zizindikilo zamalingaliro zimatha kuyamba kapena kukulira.

Kumangidwanso kwa craniofacial; Orbital-craniofacial opaleshoni; Kumanganso nkhope

• Chibade
• Chibade
• Kukonza milomo yoyera - mndandanda
• Kukonzanso kwa Craniofacial - mndandanda

Wolemba Baker SR. Kumanganso zopindika nkhope. Mu: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu & Khosi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 24.

[Adasankhidwa] McGrath MH, Pomerantz JH. Opaleshoni yapulasitiki. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Maziko Achilengedwe a Njira Zamakono Zopangira Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 68.