Kupuma - kumachedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa

Kupuma komwe kumasiya pazifukwa zilizonse kumatchedwa apnea. Kuchepetsa kupuma kumatchedwa bradypnea. Kupuma movutikira kapena kovuta kumatchedwa dyspnea.

Apnea amatha kubwera ndikupita ndikukhala osakhalitsa. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikulephera kugona tulo, mwachitsanzo.

Kupuma kwakanthawi kumatanthauza kuti munthu wasiya kupuma. Ngati mtima ukugwirabe ntchito, vutoli limadziwika kuti kupuma. Ichi ndi chochitika chowopseza moyo chomwe chimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu komanso thandizo loyamba.

Kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali osachita mtima kwa munthu yemwe samvera kumatchedwa kumangidwa kwamtima (kapena cardiopulmonary). Kwa makanda ndi ana, chomwe chimayambitsa kumangidwa kwamtima ndikumangidwa kwa kupuma. Akuluakulu, zosiyana zimachitika nthawi zambiri, kumangidwa kwamtima nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kupuma.

Kuvuta kupuma kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obanika kumene mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa akulu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma movutikira makanda ndi ana ndi awa:

• Mphumu
• Bronchiolitis (kutupa ndi kuchepa kwa mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono m'mapapu)
• Kutsamwa
• Encephalitis (kutupa kwaubongo ndi matenda omwe amakhudza magwiridwe antchito aubongo)
• Reflux ya gastroesophageal (kutentha pa chifuwa)
• Kugwira mpweya
• Meningitis (kutupa ndi matenda a minofu yolumikizana ndi ubongo ndi msana)
• Chibayo
• Kubadwa msanga
• Kugwidwa

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma (dyspnea) mwa akulu ndizo:

• Matupi awo sagwirizana omwe amachititsa kuti lilime, pakhosi, kapena kutupa kwina
• Mphumu kapena matenda ena am'mapapo
• Kumangidwa kwamtima
• Kutsamwa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka chifukwa chakumwa mowa, mankhwala opha ululu, ma barbiturates, mankhwala opha ululu, ndi zipsinjo zina
• Zamadzimadzi m'mapapu
• Kulepheretsa kugona tulo

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obanika kutulo ndi monga:

• Kuvulala kwamutu kapena kuvulala m'khosi, pakamwa, ndi m'mphako (mawu amawu)
• Matenda amtima
• Kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• Matenda amadzimadzi (thupi mankhwala, mchere, ndi acid-base)
• Pafupi kumira
• Stroke ndi zovuta zina zama ubongo ndi zamanjenje (zamitsempha)
• Kuvulala kukhoma pachifuwa, mtima, kapena mapapo
  

Funsani kuchipatala mwachangu kapena itanani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi (monga 911) ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lililonse lopuma:

• Amakhala wopunduka
• Ali ndi khunyu
• Sakhala tcheru (sazindikira)
• Amakhalabe akugona
• Sintha buluu

Ngati munthu wasiya kupuma, itanani thandizo lachangu ndikuchita CPR (ngati mukudziwa momwe mungachitire). Mukakhala pagulu, fufuzani makina otetezera okhazikika (AED) ndikutsatira malangizowo.

CPR kapena njira zina zadzidzidzi zichitike mchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena ndi ambulansi (EMT) kapena zamankhwala.

Munthuyo atakhazikika, wothandizira zaumoyo amamuyesa mthupi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumvera kulira kwamtima komanso kupumira.

Mafunso adzafunsidwa za mbiri ya zamankhwala ndi zomwe munthu ali nazo, kuphatikiza:

CHITSANZO CHA NTHAWI

• Kodi izi zidachitikapo kale?
• Kodi chochitikacho chinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi munthuyo wabwereza magawo obwereza obwereza?
• Kodi zochitikazo zidatha modzidzimutsa, ndikupumira pang'ono?
• Kodi zochitikazo zidachitika mutadzuka kapena mtulo?

MBIRI YAPANSI YA ZAumoyo

• Kodi munthuyo wachita ngozi kapena wavulala posachedwa?
• Kodi munthuyu wadwala posachedwapa?
• Kodi panali vuto lililonse kupuma musanapume?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zina zomwe mwawona?
• Kodi munthuyo amatenga mankhwala ati?
• Kodi munthuyo amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo?

Kuyezetsa matenda ndi chithandizo chomwe chingachitike ndi monga:

• Thandizo la airway, kuphatikiza oxygen, chubu lopumira mkamwa (intubation), ndi makina opumira (mpweya wabwino)
• Kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo
• Chubu pachifuwa
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kutetezedwa kwamphamvu (kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pamtima)
  
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kapena kutsata mtima)
• Zamadzimadzi kudzera mumitsempha (intravenous kapena IV)
• Mankhwala ochizira matenda, kuphatikizapo mankhwala obwezeretsa zotsatira za poyizoni kapena bongo

Kupuma kumachepa kapena kuyimitsidwa; Osapuma; Kumangidwa kupuma; Kupuma

Kelly AM Zovuta zapuma. Mu: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Achikulire Achikulire. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: mutu 6.

Kurz MC, Neumar RW. Kubwezeretsa achikulire. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 8.

Roosevelt GE. Zadzidzidzi za kupuma kwa ana: matenda am'mapapo. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 169.