Makanema omvera

Kuyesa kwa audiometry kumayesa kuthekera kwanu kumva mawu. Zikumveka zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera phokoso lawo (mwamphamvu) komanso kuthamanga kwamanenedwe amawu (kamvekedwe).

Kumva kumachitika mafunde akumveka amatulutsa mitsempha ya khutu lamkati. Phokosolo limayenda m'njira zamitsempha kupita ku ubongo.

Mafunde amawu amatha kupita khutu lamkati kudzera ngalande ya khutu, eardrum, ndi mafupa apakatikati (khutu la mpweya). Amathanso kudutsa m'mafupa mozungulira komanso kuseri kwa khutu (kupititsa mafupa).

KULIMBIKITSA phokoso kumayesedwa ndi ma decibel (dB):

• Kunong'oneza kuli pafupifupi 20 dB.
• Nyimbo zaphokoso (ma konsati ena) zili pafupifupi 80 mpaka 120 dB.
• Injini ya jet ili pafupifupi 140 mpaka 180 dB.

Zikumveka kuposa 85 dB zitha kuyambitsa kumva pakatha maola ochepa. Phokoso lotsitsa limatha kupweteketsa msanga, ndipo kumva kumatha kukula munthawi yochepa kwambiri.

KUMVETSEDWA kwa mawu kumayeza masekondi (cps) kapena Hertz:

• Ma bass otsika amakhala mozungulira 50 mpaka 60 Hz.
• Shrill, matani okwera kwambiri amakhala pafupifupi 10,000 Hz kapena kupitilira apo.

Magulu abwinobwino akumva kwa anthu pafupifupi 20 mpaka 20,000 Hz. Nyama zina zimatha kumva mpaka 50,000 Hz. Kulankhula kwa anthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala 500 mpaka 3,000 Hz.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kuyesa kumva kwanu ndi mayeso osavuta omwe atha kuchitika kuofesi. Izi zingaphatikizepo kumaliza kulemba mafunso ndikumvetsera mawu amvekere, kukonza mafoloko, kapena matani poyesa khutu.

Kuyesa kwapadera kwa foloko kumatha kuthandizira kudziwa mtundu wa kutayika kwakumva. Foloko yokonzera imagwedezeka ndikusungidwa mlengalenga mbali iliyonse yamutu kuti ayesetse kumva pakamvekedwe ka mpweya. Amagogodedwera ndikuyika fupa kuseri kwa khutu lililonse (mastoid bone) kuti ayese kuyendetsa mafupa.

Kuyesedwa kwamakutu kovomerezeka kumatha kuperekanso tanthauzo lenileni lakumva. Mayeso angapo atha kuchitika:

• Kuyesa kwamawu oyera (audiogram) - Poyesaku, mumavala mahedifoni ophatikizidwa ndi audiometer. Malingaliro oyera amtundu wafupipafupi ndi voliyumu amaperekedwa khutu limodzi nthawi imodzi. Mukufunsidwa kuti mulembe chizindikiro mukamva mawu. Voliyumu yocheperako yofunikira kuti mumve mawu aliwonse ndi ya graphed. Chida chotchedwa bone oscillator chimayikidwa motsutsana ndi fupa la mastoid kuti liyese kuyendetsa mafupa.
• Ma audiometry olankhulira - Izi zimayesa kuthekera kwanu kuti muzindikire ndikubwereza mawu oyankhulidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mumamva kudzera pamutu.
• Immittance audiometry - Kuyesaku kumayesa magwiridwe antchito a khutu la khutu komanso kuyenda kwa mawu kudutsa khutu lapakati. Kafukufuku amalowetsedwa khutu ndipo mpweya umadumphiramo kuti usinthe kukakamiza khutu momwe matayala amapangidwira. Maikolofoni imayang'anira momwe kamvekedwe kamvekedwe khutu pansi pamavuto osiyanasiyana.

Palibe njira zapadera zofunika.

Palibe kusapeza. Kutalika kwa nthawi kumasiyanasiyana. Kuwunika koyamba kumatha kutenga pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10 mphindi. Ma audiometry atsatanetsatane amatha kutenga ola limodzi.

Kuyesaku kumatha kuzindikira kutayika kwakumva koyambirira. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mukakhala ndi vuto lakumva pazifukwa zilizonse.

Zotsatira zodziwika ndi monga:

• Kumva kumva kunong'ona, kulankhula kwabwinobwino, ndi wotchi yolankhula ndizofanana.
• Kukhoza kumva foloko yolowera kudzera mumlengalenga ndi mafupa siachilendo.
• Mumamvekedwe omvera, kumva kumakhala kwachilendo ngati mutha kumva matani kuchokera 250 mpaka 8,000 Hz pa 25 dB kapena kutsika.

Pali mitundu yambiri ndi madigiri otayika. Mu mitundu ina, mumangotaya mphamvu yakumva mawu okwera kapena otsika, kapena mumataya mpweya kapena mafupa okhaokha. Kulephera kumva matani oyera pansi pa 25 dB kukuwonetsa kutaya kwakumva.

Kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa kutayika kwakumva kumatha kukupatsirani chidziwitso pazomwe mukuyambitsa, komanso mwayi wakubwezeretsa kumva kwanu.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingakhudze zotsatira za mayeso:

• Acoustic neuroma
• Kupweteka kwamphamvu kochokera mokweza kwambiri kapena mwamphamvu kwambiri
• Kutaya kwakumva kokhudzana ndi zaka
• Matenda a Alport
• Matenda a khutu osatha
• Labyrinthitis
• Matenda a Ménière
• Kupitilizabe kuwulutsa phokoso lalikulu, monga kuntchito kapena nyimbo
• Kukula kwaminyewa ya mafupa pakatikati, yotchedwa otosclerosis
• Eardrum yotumphuka kapena yopindika

Palibe chiopsezo.

Mayeso ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa momwe khutu lamkati ndi njira zamaubongo zikugwirira ntchito. Chimodzi mwazomwezi ndi kuyesa kwa otoacoustic emission (OAE) komwe kumazindikira mamvekedwe operekedwa ndi khutu lamkati poyankha mawu. Kuyesaku kumachitika nthawi zambiri ngati gawo la kuwunika kwa makanda. MRI ya mutu itha kuchitidwa kuti ithandizire kuzindikira kutayika kwakumva chifukwa cha acoustic neuroma.

Zomvera; Mayeso akumva; Zithunzi (audiogram)

• Kutulutsa khutu

Amundsen GA. Makanema omvera. Mu: Fowler GC, mkonzi. Njira za Pfenninger ndi Fowler Zoyang'anira Poyamba. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 59.

Kileny PR, Zwolan TA, Wopanda HK. Kuzindikira kwa mamvedwe ndi kuwunika kwamagetsi pakumva. Mu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, olemba. Cummings Otolaryngology: Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 134.

Lew HL, Tanaka C, Hirohata E, Goodrich GL. Zovuta, zowoneka bwino, komanso zowoneka bwino. Mu: Cifu DX, mkonzi. Braddom's Physical Medicine & Kukonzanso. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 50.