Mammogram

Mammogram ndi chithunzi cha x-ray cha mabere. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zotupa za m'mawere ndi khansa.

Mudzafunsidwa kuti muvule kuyambira mchiuno mpaka mmwamba. Mudzapatsidwa mkanjo kuti muvale. Kutengera mtundu wa zida zomwe mwazigwiritsa ntchito, mudzakhala kapena kuyimirira.

Chifuwa chimodzi panthawi chimapuma pamalo athyathyathya omwe amakhala ndi mbale ya x-ray. Chida chotchedwa compressor chidzakanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi bere. Izi zimathandiza kuyamwa minofu ya m'mawere.

Zithunzi za x-ray zimatengedwa mbali zingapo. Mutha kupemphedwa kuti musunge mpweya wanu pachithunzi chilichonse.

Mutha kupemphedwa kuti mudzabwerenso mtsogolo kuti mudzapeze zithunzi zambiri za mammogram. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zonse. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angafunikire kungoyang'ana malo omwe sakanatha kuwonekera poyesa koyamba.

MITUNDU YA ZOKAMBIRANA

Zojambulajambula zachikhalidwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kanema, wofanana ndi ma x-ray wamba.

Digital mammography ndiye njira yodziwika kwambiri:

• Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri owunikira mawere.
• Amalola chithunzi cha x-ray cha m'mawere kuti chiwoneke ndikuwongolera pakompyuta.
• Zitha kukhala zolondola kwambiri mwa azimayi achichepere omwe ali ndi mabere owirira. Sizinatsimikiziridwebe kuti zithandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mayi kufa ndi khansa ya m'mawere poyerekeza ndi mammography yamafilimu.

Zithunzi zitatu (3D) mammography ndi mtundu wa digito mammography.

MUSAGwiritse ntchito mafuta onunkhiritsa, mafuta onunkhira, ufa, kapena mafuta opaka m'manja mwanu kapena mabere anu patsiku la mammogram. Zinthu izi zimatha kubisa gawo lazithunzi. Chotsani zodzikongoletsera zonse m'khosi mwanu ndi pachifuwa.

Uzani omwe amakupatsani komanso X-ray technologist ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa, kapena ngati mwakhala mukumva bere.

Malo a compressor amatha kumva kuzizira. Mabere akakakamizidwa, mutha kukhala ndi ululu. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupeze zithunzi zabwino.

Nthawi komanso kangati kuti muwonetsetse mammogram ndichisankho chomwe muyenera kupanga. Magulu osiyanasiyana a akatswiri sagwirizana kwathunthu pa nthawi yabwino yoyesayi.

Musanakhale ndi mammogram, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopeza mayeso. Funsani za:

• Kuopsa kwanu kwa khansa ya m'mawere
• Kaya kuwunika kumachepetsa mwayi wanu wakufa ndi khansa ya m'mawere
• Kaya pali vuto lililonse kuchokera pakuwunika khansa ya m'mawere, monga zoyipa zoyesedwa kapena kuchuluka kwa khansa ikapezeka

Zojambulajambula zimachitidwa kuti ziwonetsetse azimayi kuti azindikire khansa ya m'mawere koyambirira pomwe ingathe kuchiritsidwa. Mammography amalimbikitsidwa kuti:

• Amayi kuyambira azaka 40, amabwereza zaka 1 mpaka 2 zilizonse. (Izi sizovomerezeka ndi mabungwe onse akatswiri.)
• Amayi onse kuyambira azaka 50, obwereza zaka 1 mpaka 2 zilizonse.
• Azimayi omwe ali ndi mayi kapena mlongo yemwe anali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ali wamng'ono ayenera kulingalira za mammograms apachaka. Ayenera kuyamba msinkhu kuposa zaka zomwe membala wawo womaliza kwambiri adapezeka.

Mammography amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa:

• Tsatirani mayi yemwe wachita mammogram yachilendo.
• Unikani mayi yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba. Zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala ndi chotupa, kutuluka kwa mawere, kupweteka m'mawere, kupindika khungu pachifuwa, kusintha kwa mawere, kapena zina.

Minofu ya m'mawere yomwe imawonetsa kuti palibe misa kapena kuchuluka kwake imadziwika kuti ndiyabwino.

Zambiri zosazolowereka pa mammogram yowunikira sizikhala zoyipa (osati khansa) kapena palibe chodetsa nkhawa. Zotsatira zatsopano kapena zosintha ziyenera kuwunikidwanso.

Dokotala wa radiology (radiologist) atha kuwona mitundu yotsatirayi pazotsatira za mammogram:

• Malo ofotokozedwa bwino, okhazikika, omveka bwino (izi ndizotheka kukhala zosachita khansa, monga chotupa)
• Misa kapena zotupa
• Malo olimba pachifuwa omwe atha kukhala khansa ya m'mawere kapena kubisa khansa ya m'mawere
• Kuwerengera, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi calcium yaying'ono m'matumbo (ma calcification ambiri si chizindikiro cha khansa)

Nthawi zina, mayesero otsatirawa amafunikanso kuti apitirize kufufuza zotsatira za mammogram:

• Zowonjezera zowonera mammogram, kuphatikiza kukulitsa kapena kupsinjika
• Chiberekero cha m'mawere
• Kuyezetsa magazi a m'mawere (osachitika kawirikawiri)

Kuyerekeza mammogram yanu yaposachedwa ndi mammograms anu akale kumathandiza katswiri wa radiyo kudziwa ngati mwapeza zosazolowereka m'mbuyomu komanso ngati zasintha.

Zotsatira za mammogram kapena ultrasound zikuwoneka zokayikitsa, kafukufuku amachitidwa kuti ayese minofu ndikuwona ngati ili ndi khansa. Mitundu ya biopsies ndi iyi:

• Zosakanikirana
• Ultrasound
• Tsegulani

Mulingo wa radiation ndiwotsika ndipo chiopsezo chilichonse kuchokera ku mammography ndichotsika kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mukuyenera kuyesedwa mosazolowereka, dera lanu lam'mimba lidzakutidwa ndikutetezedwa ndi thewera patsogolo.

Kuwonetsa mammography nthawi zonse sikuchitika panthawi yapakati kapena poyamwitsa.

Zolemba; Khansa ya m'mawere - mammography; Khansa ya m'mawere - kuyesa mammography; Chifuwa cha m'mawere - mammogram; Matenda a m'mawere

• Chifuwa chachikazi
• Ziphuphu za m'mawere
• Zimayambitsa zotupa za m'mawere
• Mammary England
• Kutulutsa kachilendo pamabele
• Kusintha kwa mawere kwa Fibrocystic
• Zolemba pamanja

Tsamba la American Cancer Society. Malingaliro a American Cancer Society kuti azindikire khansa ya m'mawere koyambirira. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 3, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 23, 2020.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) tsamba lawebusayiti. ACOG Practice Bulletin: Kuunika kwa khansa ya m'mawere ndikuwunika amayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. Na. 179, Julayi 2017. Idapezeka pa Januware 23, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Kuyeza khansa ya m'mawere (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/kuyesa-kuwunika-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa June 19, 2017. Idapezeka pa Disembala 18, 2019.

Siu AL; Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US. Kuunikira khansa ya m'mawere: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. PMID: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.