Kukhumba kwamfupa

Mafupa ndi mafupa ofewa mkati mwa mafupa omwe amathandiza kupanga maselo a magazi. Amapezeka m'mbali mwa mafupa ambiri. Cholinga cha mafuta m'mafupa ndikuchotsa pang'ono zazing'onoting'ono mumtundu wamadzi kuti ziwunikidwe.

Kukhumba mafupa a mafupa sikuli kofanana ndi kupopera mafuta m'mafupa. Biopsy imachotsa pachimake pa minyewa ya mafupa kuti iwunikidwe.

Cholinga cha mafuta a m'mafupa chitha kuchitidwa muofesi ya othandizira zaumoyo kapena kuchipatala. Mafupa amachotsedwa m'chiuno mwanu kapena m'chifuwa. Nthawi zina, fupa lina limasankhidwa.

Marrow amachotsedwa motere:

• Ngati kuli kotheka, mumapatsidwa mankhwala okuthandizani kuti musangalale.
• Wothandizirayo amayeretsa khungu ndikubayira mankhwala otsekemera m'deralo komanso pamwamba pa fupa.
• Singano yapadera imayikidwa mu fupa. Singanoyo imakhala ndi chubu cholumikizidwa nacho, chomwe chimapangitsa kuyamwa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timalowa mu chubu.
• Singano imachotsedwa.
• Anzanu kenako bandeji amathiridwa pakhungu.

Madzi am'mafupa amatumizidwa ku labotale ndikuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito microscope.

Uzani wopezayo:

• Ngati matupi anu sagwirizana ndi mankhwala aliwonse
• Ngati muli ndi pakati
• Ngati muli ndi mavuto otaya magazi
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mukumwa

Mukumva kuluma ndi kutentha pang'ono pokha mankhwala a dzanzi atagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kumva kupanikizika pamene singano imalowetsedwa mu fupa, ndikumverera kwakuthwa komanso kowawa koyamwa pamene mafuta amachotsedwa. Kumverera uku kumakhala kwa masekondi ochepa.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayesowa ngati muli ndi mitundu yachilendo kapena manambala ofiira kapena oyera amwazi wamagazi kapena ma platelet pamwazi wathunthu wamagazi.

Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (mitundu ina)
• Matenda
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Khansa ina yamagazi ndi zovuta zina

Zitha kuthandizira kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira kapena yalandira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mafupa ayenera kukhala ndi nambala yoyenera ndi mitundu ya:

• Maselo opanga magazi
• Ziphuphu zolumikizira
• Maselo amafuta

Zotsatira zachilendo zitha kukhala chifukwa cha khansa yam'mafupa, kuphatikiza:

• Khansa ya m'magazi (ALL)
• Khansa ya m'magazi (AML)
• Matenda a m'magazi a lymphocytic (CLL)
• Matenda a myelogenous khansa ya m'magazi (CML)

Zotsatira zachilendo zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, monga:

• Mafupa a mafupa samapanga maselo a magazi okwanira (aplastic anemia)
• Matenda a bakiteriya kapena mafangasi omwe afalikira mthupi lonse
• Khansa yamatenda am'mimba (Hodgkin kapena non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Matenda otuluka magazi otchedwa idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Khansa yamagazi yotchedwa (multiple myeloma)
• Kusokonezeka komwe mafupa amalowetsedwa ndimatenda ofiira (myelofibrosis)
• Kusokonezeka komwe maselo osakwanira a magazi amapangidwa (myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS)
• Mapaleti ochepa kwambiri, omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana (primary thrombocytopenia)
• Khansara yoyera yamagazi yotchedwa Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Pakhoza kukhala kutuluka magazi pamalo obowoloka. Zowopsa zowopsa, monga kutuluka magazi kwambiri kapena matenda, ndizosowa kwambiri.

Iliac crest tap; Mpopi wapansi; Khansa ya m'magazi - chiyembekezo cha m'mafupa; Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - chiyembekezo cha m'mafupa; Myelodysplastic syndrome - chifuniro cha m'mafupa; Thrombocytopenia - chiyembekezo cha m'mafupa; Myelofibrosis - chiyembekezo cha m'mafupa

• Kukhumba kwamfupa
• Sternum - mawonekedwe akunja (akunja)

Bates I, Burthem J. Bone mafupa. Mu: Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA, eds. Dacie ndi Lewis Othandiza Hematology. Wolemba 12. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 7.

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Kusanthula kolakalaka mafuta m'mafupa - fanizo (biopsy, banga la mafupa, chitsulo, fupa). Mu: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, olemba., Eds. Kuyesa Kwantchito ndi Njira Zakuzindikira. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 241-244.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Kuwunika koyambirira kwamagazi ndi mafupa. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 30.