Matenda a mitsempha ya Carotid

Matenda a mitsempha ya Carotid amapezeka pamene mitsempha ya carotid imachepetsedwa kapena kutsekedwa.

Mitsempha ya carotid imapereka gawo lamagazi akulu kuubongo wanu. Amapezeka mbali zonse za khosi lanu. Mutha kumva kutentha kwawo pansi pa nsagwada.

Matenda a mtsempha wa Carotid amapezeka pamene mafuta omwe amatchedwa plaque amakula mkati mwa mitsempha. Chikwangwani ichi chimatchedwa kuuma kwa mitsempha (atherosclerosis).

Mwalawo ungatseke pang'onopang'ono kapena kuchepa mtsempha wamagazi wa carotid. Kapenanso zingapangitse gulu kuumbika mwadzidzidzi. Chovala chomwe chimatseketsa mtsempha wamagazi chimatha kubweretsa sitiroko.

Zowopsa zotsekereza kapena kuchepa kwa mitsempha ndi izi:

• Kusuta (anthu omwe amasuta paketi imodzi patsiku kuwirikiza kawiri chiopsezo chawo)
• Matenda a shuga
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Cholesterol wokwera ndi triglycerides
• Ukalamba
• Mbiri ya banja la sitiroko
• Kumwa mowa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zovuta zapakhosi, zomwe zingayambitse minyewa ya carotid

Kumayambiriro koyambirira, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Chipika chikakula, zizindikiro zoyamba za mtsempha wamagazi wa carotid zitha kukhala matenda opha ziwalo kapena osakhalitsa (TIA). TIA ndi sitiroko yaying'ono yomwe siyimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamuyaya.

Zizindikiro za sitiroko ndi TIA ndizo:

• Masomphenya olakwika
• Kusokonezeka
• Kutha kukumbukira
• Kutaya chidwi
• Mavuto pakulankhula ndi chilankhulo, kuphatikiza kutayika
• Kutaya masomphenya (khungu pang'ono kapena lathunthu)
• Kufooka mu gawo limodzi la thupi lanu
• Mavuto ndi kuganiza, kulingalira, ndi kukumbukira

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakuyesani. Wopereka wanu atha kugwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti amvetsere magazi akuyenda m'khosi mwanu kuti amve phokoso lachilendo lotchedwa bruit. Phokoso ili likhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a mtsempha wa carotid.

Woperekanso wanu amathanso kupeza zotseka m'mitsempha yamagazi ya diso lanu. Ngati mwadwala stroke kapena TIA, mayeso amanjenje (amitsempha) adzawonetsa mavuto ena.

Muthanso kukhala ndi mayeso otsatirawa:

• Mayeso a cholesterol wamagazi ndi triglycerides
• Mayeso a shuga wamagazi (shuga)
• Ultrasound ya mitsempha ya carotid (carotid duplex ultrasound) kuti muwone momwe magazi akuyendera bwino kudzera mumitsempha ya carotid

Mayeso ojambula otsatirawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mitsempha ya khosi ndi ubongo:

• Angiography ya ubongo
• CT zojambula
• MR zolemba

Njira zochiritsira ndi izi:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi monga aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), dabigatran (Pradaxa), kapena ena kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha sitiroko
• Mankhwala ndi zakudya zimasintha kuti muchepetse cholesterol kapena magazi
• Palibe chithandizo, kupatula kuwona mitsempha yanu ya carotid chaka chilichonse

Mutha kukhala ndi njira zina zochotsera mtsempha wama carotid wopapatiza kapena wotsekedwa:

• Carotid endarterectomy - Opaleshoni iyi imachotsa zolengeza m'mitsempha ya carotid.
• Carotid angioplasty ndi stenting - Njira iyi imatsegula mtsempha wotsekedwa ndikuyika thumba tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala totseguka.

Chifukwa palibe zisonyezo, mwina simukudziwa kuti muli ndi matenda a carotid mpaka mutadwala stroke kapena TIA.

• Sitiroko ndi yomwe imayambitsa kufa ku United States.
• Anthu ena omwe ali ndi sitiroko amachira kwambiri kapena ntchito zawo zonse.
• Ena amafa ndi sitiroko kapena zovuta.
• Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe akudwala sitiroko amakhala ndi mavuto okhalitsa.

Zovuta zazikulu za mtsempha wamagazi wa carotid ndi:

• Kuukira kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi zimachitika khungu likamaletsa mtsempha wamagazi kuubongo. Zimayambitsa zizindikiro zomwezo monga stroke. Zizindikiro zimangotsala mphindi zochepa mpaka ola limodzi kapena awiri, koma osapitirira maola 24. TIA siyimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Ma TIA ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza kuti sitiroko ikhoza kuchitika mtsogolo ngati palibe chomwe chingachitike kuti itetezeke.
• Sitiroko. Magazi omwe amapezeka muubongo atatsekedwa pang'ono kapena pang'ono, amayambitsa sitiroko. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika pamene magazi amatseka chotengera chamagazi kupita kuubongo. Sitiroko imatha kukhalanso pamene mtsempha wamagazi utseguka kapena kutuluka. Sitiroko imatha kuwononga ubongo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kufa.

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) zinthu zikangochitika. Mukalandira chithandizo msanga, mwayi wanu wochira umakhala wabwino. Ndi sitiroko, kuchedwa kwachiwiri kulikonse kumatha kuvulaza ubongo.

Nazi zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze matenda a mtsempha wa carotid ndi sitiroko:

• Siyani kusuta.
• Tsatirani chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopanda mafuta ndi masamba ndi zipatso zambiri.
• Osamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoposa 1 kapena 2 patsiku.
• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku ambiri sabata.
• Pezani kuti mafuta anu m'thupi ayang'ane zaka 5 zilizonse. Ngati mukulandira cholesterol wambiri, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.
• Pezani magazi anu chaka chilichonse mpaka zaka ziwiri. Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a mtima, matenda ashuga, kapena munagwidwa ndi stroke, muyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani.
• Tsatirani malangizo a chithandizo cha omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda ashuga, cholesterol, kapena matenda amtima.

Carotid stenosis; Stenosis - carotid; Sitiroko - carotid mtsempha wamagazi; TIA - mtsempha wamagazi wa carotid

• Kuyika kwa Angioplasty ndi stent - mtsempha wa carotid - kutulutsa
• Opaleshoni ya mtsempha wa Carotid - kutulutsa
• Cholesterol - mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kutenga warfarin (Coumadin)

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Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, ndi al. 2011 ASA / ACCF / AHA / AANN / AANS / ACR / ASNR / CNS / SAIP / SCAI / SIR / SNIS / SVM / SVS chitsogozo cha kasamalidwe ka odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtsempha wamagazi owonjezera pamtundu: chidule chachikulu: lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, ndi American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Kulingalira ndi Kupewa, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, ndi Society for Vascular Surgery. Catheter Cardiovasc Nthawi. 2013; 81 (1): E76-E123. PMID: 23281092 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281092. (Adasankhidwa)

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Meschia JF, Klaas JP, Brown RD Jr, Brott TG (Adasankhidwa) Kuwunika ndikuwunika kwa atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Chipatala cha Mayo. 2017; 92 (7): 1144-1157. PMID: 28688468 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28688468. (Adasankhidwa)