Dialysis - peritoneal

Dialysis imathandizira kulephera kwa impso kumapeto. Amachotsa zinthu zoipa m'magazi pomwe impso sizingathe.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za peritoneal dialysis.

Ntchito yanu yayikulu ndiyo kuchotsa poizoni ndi madzi owonjezera m'magazi anu. Ngati zinyalala zikukula mthupi lanu, zitha kukhala zowopsa mwinanso kupha kumene.

Impso dialysis (peritoneal dialysis ndi mitundu ina ya dialysis) imagwira ntchito ya impso zikaleka kugwira bwino ntchito. Izi:

• Amachotsa mchere, madzi, ndi zinyalala zina kuti zisakule mthupi lanu
• Amasunga mchere ndi mavitamini mthupi lanu
• Zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Zimathandizira kupanga maselo ofiira ofiira

KODI KUWunika KWA MUNTHU KWAMBIRI KODI?

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) imachotsa zinyalala ndi madzi owonjezera kudzera mumitsempha yamagazi yomwe imayang'ana pamakoma amimba mwanu. Kakhungu kotchedwa peritoneum kamaphimba makoma amimba anu.

PD imaphatikizapo kuyika chubu yofewa (catheter) m'mimba mwanu ndikudzaza ndi madzi oyeretsa (dialysis solution). Njirayi ili ndi mtundu wa shuga womwe umatulutsa zinyalala ndi madzi owonjezera. Zinyalala ndi madzi zimadutsa m'mitsempha mwanu kudzera mu peritoneum ndikulowa mu yankho. Pakatha nthawi yoikika, yankho ndi zinyalala zimatsanulidwa ndikuponyedwa kutali.

Njira yodzaza ndikutsanulira m'mimba mwanu imatchedwa kusinthana. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe madzi oyeretsa amakhalabe mthupi lanu amatchedwa nthawi yokhalamo. Chiwerengero cha kusinthana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yokhalamo zimatengera njira ya PD yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndi zina.

Dokotala wanu adzachita opareshoni kuti ayike katheta m'mimba mwanu momwe mungakhale. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi batani lanu la m'mimba.

PD ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino ngati mukufuna kudziyimira pawokha ndipo mutha kuphunzira kudzichitira nokha. Mudzakhala ndi zambiri zoti muphunzire ndipo muyenera kukhala ndi udindo wosamalira. Inu ndi omwe amakusamalirani muyenera kuphunzira kuchita izi:

• Chitani PD monga mwalamulidwa
• Gwiritsani ntchito zida
• Gulani ndikuwonetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili
• Pewani matenda

Ndi PD, ndikofunikira kuti musadumphe kusinthana. Kuchita izi kungakhale koopsa ku thanzi lanu.

Anthu ena amakhala omasuka kukhala ndi othandizira azaumoyo omwe angawasamalire. Inu ndi omwe mungakupatseni mutha kusankha zomwe zingakuyendereni bwino.

MITUNDU YA KUFUFUZA KWAMBIRI

PD imakupatsani kusinthasintha chifukwa simukuyenera kupita kuchipatala cha dialysis. Mutha kulandira mankhwala:

• Kunyumba
• Kuntchito
• Mukamayenda

Pali mitundu iwiri ya PD:

• Kupitiliza kupitilira kwa ma peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Mwa njirayi, mumadzaza m'mimba mwanu ndimadzimadzi, kenako nkumachita zomwe mumachita tsiku lililonse mpaka itakwana nthawi yokhetsa madziwo. Simumangilumikizidwa ndi chilichonse nthawi yakukhalamo, ndipo simukusowa makina. Mumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kukhetsa madziwo. Nthawi yokhalamo nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi maola 4 mpaka 6, ndipo mudzafunika kusinthana 3 mpaka 4 tsiku lililonse. Mudzakhala ndi nthawi yayitali usiku mukamagona.
• Kupitiliza kupalasa njinga peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). Ndi CCPD, mumalumikizidwa ndi makina omwe amayenda pakati pa 3 mpaka 5 posinthana usiku mukamagona. Muyenera kulumikizidwa pamakinawo kwa maola 10 mpaka 12 panthawiyi. M'mawa, mumayamba kusinthana ndi nthawi yokhalamo yomwe imakhala tsiku lonse. Izi zimakupatsani nthawi yochulukirapo masana osasinthana.

Njira yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito imadalira:

• Zokonda zanu
• Moyo
• Matenda

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwirizi. Wopereka wanu adzakuthandizani kupeza njira yomwe ingakuthandizeni kwambiri.

Wothandizira anu adzakuwunikirani kuti awonetsetse kuti kusinthaku akuchotsa zinyalala zokwanira. Muyesedwanso kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga thupi lanu lomwe limamwa kuchokera kumadzi oyeretsa. Kutengera zotsatira, mungafunike kusintha zina ndi zina:

• Kusinthana kwambiri patsiku
• Kugwiritsa ntchito madzimadzi oyeretsa pakusinthana kulikonse
• Kuti muchepetse nthawi yokhalamo kuti muzitha kuyamwa shuga wochepa

NTHAWI YOYAMBIRA KUKAMBIRANA

Kulephera kwa impso ndiye gawo lomaliza la matenda a impso a nthawi yayitali (osachiritsika). Apa ndi pamene impso zanu sizingathenso kuthandizira zosowa za thupi lanu. Dokotala wanu azikambirana nanu za dialysis musanayifune. Nthawi zambiri, mupita pa dialysis mukangotsala ndi 10% mpaka 15% ya ntchito yanu ya impso.

Pali chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka peritoneum (peritonitis) kapena tsamba la catheter ndi PD. Wothandizira anu amakuwonetsani momwe mungatsukitsire ndikusamalira catheter yanu ndikupewa matenda. Nawa maupangiri:

• Sambani m'manja musanachite kusinthana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito catheter.
• Valani chigoba cha opaleshoni mukamasinthana.
• Yang'anani mosamala thumba lililonse la yankho kuti muwone ngati ali ndi kachilombo.
• Sambani m'chigawo cha catheter ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo tsiku lililonse.

Onetsetsani tsamba lotuluka kuti likutupa, kutuluka magazi, kapena zizindikiro za matenda. Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi malungo kapena zizindikilo zina za matenda.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo mukawona:

• Zizindikiro za matenda, monga kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka, kupweteka, kutentha, kapena mafinya mozungulira catheter
• Malungo
• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Mtundu wosazolowereka kapena mitambo mu njira yogwiritsira ntchito dialysis
• Simungathe kupititsa mpweya kapena kuyenda

Komanso itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukumana ndi izi mwazizindikiro, kapena atha kupitilira masiku awiri:

• Kuyabwa
• Kuvuta kugona
• Kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa
• Kugona, kusokonezeka, kapena mavuto owonetsa

Yokumba impso - peritoneal dialysis; Aimpso mankhwala - peritoneal dialysis; Mapeto siteji aimpso matenda - peritoneal dialysis; Impso kulephera - peritoneal dialysis; Aimpso kulephera - peritoneal dialysis; Matenda a impso - peritoneal dialysis

Cohen D, Valeri AM. Chithandizo cha kulephera kwa impso kosasinthika. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 131.

Correa-Rotter RC, Mehrota R, Saxena A. Peritoneal dialysis. Mu: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 66.

Mitch WE. Matenda a impso. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 130.