Kulera - njira zotulutsira pang'onopang'ono

Njira zina zolerera zimakhala ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi anthu. Mahomoni amenewa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'mimba mwa amayi. Mahomoni amenewa amatchedwa estrogen ndi progestin.

Mahomoni onsewa amalepheretsa mazira a mayi kutulutsa dzira. Kutuluka kwa dzira panthawi ya kusamba kumatchedwa ovulation. Amachita izi posintha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni achilengedwe omwe thupi limapanga.

Progestin imathandizanso kuti umuna usalowe muchiberekero mwa kupanga mamina ozungulira khomo lachiberekero la mkazi kukhala lokulirapo komanso lokakamira.

Mapiritsi olera ndi njira imodzi yolandirira mahomoniwa. Zimagwira ntchito ngati zitengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka munthawi yomweyo.

Pali njira zina zopewera kutenga mimba. Mahomoni omwewo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koma amatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.

KULIMA KWA PROGESTIN

Kukhazikitsa progestin ndi ndodo yaying'ono yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa khungu, nthawi zambiri mkati mwamkono. Ndodoyo imatulutsa progestin yaying'ono tsiku lililonse m'magazi.

Zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi kuti aike ndodo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu ku ofesi ya dokotala. Ndodoyo imatha kukhala m'malo mwa zaka zitatu. Komabe, imatha kuchotsedwa nthawi iliyonse. Kuchotsa nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi zochepa.

Pambuyo pake atayika:

• Mutha kukhala ndi zipsinjo kuzungulira tsamba lino kwa sabata kapena kupitilira apo.
• Muyenera kutetezedwa kuti musatenge pakati pasanathe sabata imodzi.
• Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito amadzalawa mukamayamwitsa.

Zodzala za progestin zimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kuti ateteze kutenga pakati. Ndi azimayi ochepa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito implant izi atha kutenga pakati.

Kusamba kwanu kumayenera kubwerera mkati mwa masabata atatu kapena 4 mutachotsa izi.

NJIRA ZOPHUNZITSIRA

Majekeseni kapena akatemera omwe amakhala ndi progestin amathandizanso kupewa kutenga mimba. Mfuti imodzi imagwira ntchito mpaka masiku 90. Majakisoniwa amaperekedwa mu minofu yakumanja kapena matako.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Kusintha kwa msambo kapena kuchulukitsa magazi kapena kuwonekera. Pafupifupi theka la azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito majakisoniwa samakhala ndi msambo.
• Chikondi cha m'mawere, kunenepa, kupweteka mutu, kapena kukhumudwa.

Majakisoni a progestin amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kuti ateteze kutenga pakati. Amayi ochepa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa progestin amatha kutenga pakati.

Nthawi zina zotsatira za kuwombera kwama hormone zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku 90. Ngati mukukonzekera kutenga pakati posachedwa, mungafune kuganizira njira ina yolerera.

CHIKHUMU CHA Khungu

Chikopa cha khungu chimayikidwa paphewa panu, matako, kapena gawo lina la thupi lanu. Patch yatsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa sabata kwa masabata atatu. Kenako mumatha sabata limodzi wopanda chigamba.

Mlingo wa Estrogen ndiwokwera kwambiri ndi chigamba kuposa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kapena mphete ya nyini. Chifukwa cha ichi, pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotseka magazi m'miyendo kapena m'mapapu ndi njirayi. A FDA apereka chenjezo lokhudza chigamba komanso chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga magazi m'mapapu.

Chigambacho chimatulutsa pang'onopang'ono estrogen ndi progestin m'magazi anu. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakupatsirani njirayi.

Chigawochi chimagwira bwino kuposa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kuti ateteze kutenga pakati. Ndi azimayi ochepa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chigamba chotenga mimba.

Chikopa cha khungu chimakhala ndi estrogen. Pamodzi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chamagazi, pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa chothana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko. Kusuta kumawonjezera ngozi zowonjezerazi.

Mphete ya nyini

Mphete ya nyini ndi chida chosinthasintha. Mpheteyi ili pafupifupi masentimita awiri mulifupi ndipo imayikidwa mu nyini. Amatulutsa mahomoni a progestin ndi estrogen.

• Wopezayo amakupatsani njira iyi, koma inu mudzayika mpheteyo nokha.
• Idzakhala kumaliseche kwa milungu itatu. Pakutha sabata lachitatu, mutenga mphete sabata limodzi. Musachotse mpheteyo mpaka kumapeto kwa masabata atatu.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi mphete zingaphatikizepo:

• Nsautso ndi chifuwa cha m'mawere, zomwe sizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kapena zigamba.
• Kutulutsa kumaliseche kapena kumaliseche.
• Kutuluka magazi ndikuwonetsetsa (kumatha kuchitika nthawi zambiri kuposa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka).

Mphete ya nyini ili ndi estrogen. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa chothana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, magazi kuundana, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko. Kusuta kumawonjezera ngozi zowonjezerazi.

Mphete ya nyini imatulutsa pang'onopang'ono estrogen ndi progestin m'magazi anu.

Mphete ya nyini imagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mapiritsi olerera pofuna kupewa kutenga mimba. Ndi azimayi ochepa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphete ya nyini omwe amatenga mimba.

ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSA HORMONE

Chida cha intrauterine (IUD) ndichida chaching'ono chopangidwa ndi T chopangira T chogwiritsira ntchito njira yolerera. Imaikidwa m'chiberekero. Ma IUD amalepheretsa umuna kuti ukhale ndi dzira.

Mtundu watsopano wa IUD wotchedwa Mirena umatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono m'mimba tsiku lililonse kwa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya chipangizocho ngati njira yolerera. Zimapindulitsanso kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kusamba. Zitha kuthandiza kuteteza khansa (endometrial khansa) mwa amayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Muli ndi zisankho zamtundu wanji wa IUD womwe muyenera kukhala nawo. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za mtundu womwe ungakhale wabwino kwa inu.

Kulera - njira zotulutsira pang'onopang'ono; Kuika ma progestin; Jakisoni wa progestin; Chikopa cha khungu; Mphete ya ukazi

• Njira zolerera

Allen RH, Kaunitz AM, Hickey M, Brennan A. Njira yolerera ya mahomoni. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap.

American College of Obstetricians ndi tsamba la Gynecologists.Kuphatikiza kubadwa kwa mahomoni: mapiritsi, chigamba, ndi mphete, FAQ 185. www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/combined-hormonal-birth-control-pill-patch-ring. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 2018. Idapezeka pa June 22, 2020.

American College of Obstetricians ndi tsamba la Gynecologists. Njira zakulera zosintha kwa nthawi yayitali (LARC): IUD ndikukhazikitsa, FAQ184. www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/long-acting-reversible-contraception-iud-and-implant. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 2020. Idapezeka pa June 22, 2020.

Curtis KM, Jatlaoui TC, Wokonda NK, et al. US yasankha machitidwe oyeserera pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera, 2016. Malangizo a MMWR Rep. 2016; 65 (4): 1-66. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 27467319 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27467319/.