Matenda a Zika virus

Zika ndi kachilombo kamene kamawapatsira anthu chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwamagulu, zotupa, ndi maso ofiira (conjunctivitis).

Vika kachilombo ka Zika kamatchedwa nkhalango ya Zika ku Uganda, komwe kachilomboka kanapezeka koyamba mu 1947.

MMENE ZIKA AMAFALITSIRA

Udzudzu umafalitsa kachilombo ka Zika kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu.

• Udzudzu umakhala ndi kachilomboka mukamadya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kenako amafalitsa kachilomboka akamaluma anthu ena.
• Udzudzu womwe umafalitsa Zika ndi womwewo womwe umafalitsa matenda a dengue fever ndi chikungunya virus. Udzudzuwu nthawi zambiri umadyetsa masana.

Zika amatha kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wake.

• Izi zitha kuchitika m'chiberekero kapena panthawi yobadwa.
• Zika sanapezeke akufalikira kudzera mukuyamwitsa.

Kachilomboka kangathe kufalikira kudzera mu kugonana.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi Zika amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa omwe amagonana nawo asanakwane, pomwe ali ndi zizindikilo, kapena ngakhale zitatha.
• Kachilomboka kangathenso kupatsirana pogonana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi Zika omwe sakhala ndi zizindikiro.
• Palibe amene akudziwa kuti Zika amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji mu umuna ndi madzi amadzi, kapena kuti akhoza kufalikira nthawi yayitali bwanji pogonana.
• Tizilomboti timakhala mu umuna nthawi yayitali kuposa m'madzi ena amthupi (magazi, mkodzo, madzi anyini).

Zika amathanso kufalikira kudzera:

• Kuikidwa magazi
• Kuwonetsedwa mu labotale

KUMENE ZIKA AMAPEDWA

Chaka cha 2015 chisanafike, kachilomboka kanali kupezeka makamaka ku Africa, Southeast Asia, ndi Pacific Islands. Mu Meyi 2015, kachilomboka kanapezeka koyamba ku Brazil.

Tsopano yafalikira kumadera ambiri, zigawo, ndi mayiko ku:

• Zilumba za Caribbean
• Central America
• Mexico
• South America
• Zilumba za Pacific
• Africa

Vutoli lidatsimikiziridwa ku Puerto Rico, American Samoa, ndi ku United States Virgin Islands.

Matendawa amapezeka kwa apaulendo akubwera ku United States kuchokera kumadera okhudzidwa. Zika yapezeka m'dera lina ku Florida, komwe kachilomboka kamafalitsika ndi udzudzu.

Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu asanu aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika ndi amene amakhala ndi zizindikilo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi Zika osadziwa.

Zizindikiro zimakonda kuchitika patatha masiku awiri kapena asanu mutalumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo
• Kutupa
• Ululu wophatikizana
• Maso ofiira (conjunctivitis)
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Mutu

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofatsa, ndipo zimakhala masiku angapo mpaka sabata asanachoke.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za Zika ndipo mwapita kumene kudwala komwe kuli kachilomboka, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kuyesa magazi kuti aone ngati Zika alipo. Muthanso kuyesedwa ndi ma virus ena omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, monga dengue ndi chikungunya.

Palibe mankhwala a Zika. Monga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine, iyenera kutha. Mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse matenda:

• Imwani madzi ambiri kuti mukhale osasamba.
• Muzipuma mokwanira.
• Tengani acetaminophen (Tylenol) kuti muchepetse ululu ndi malungo.
• Musatenge aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse osagwiritsa ntchito anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) mpaka wothandizira atatsimikizira kuti mulibe dengue. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa magazi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi dengue.

Matenda a Zika panthawi yoyembekezera angayambitse matenda osadziwika omwe amatchedwa microcephaly. Zimachitika ubongo ukamakula osati momwe ziyenera kukhalira m'mimba kapena pambuyo pobadwa ndikupangitsa ana kubadwa ndi mutu wawung'ono kuposa wabwinobwino.

Kufufuza kwakukulu kukuchitika pakamvetsetsa momwe kachilomboka kangafalikire kuchokera kwa amayi kupita kwa makanda osabadwa komanso momwe kachilomboka kangakhudzire ana.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi Zika adwala matenda a Guillain-Barré. Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake izi zitha kuchitika.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani mukakhala ndi zika. Dziwitsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwayenda kumene kudera lomwe kachiromboka kamafalikira. Wothandizira anu akhoza kuyesa magazi kuti aone ngati Zika ndi matenda ena ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati inu kapena mnzanu mwapita kudera komwe Zika amapezeka, kapena mumakhala kudera la Zika ndipo muli ndi pakati kapena mukuganiza zokhala ndi pakati.

Palibe katemera woteteza ku Zika. Njira yabwino yopewera kutenga kachilomboka ndi kupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.

CDC ikulimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe akupita kumadera omwe kuli Zika achitepo kanthu kuti adziteteze ku udzudzu.

• Phimbani ndi manja aatali, mathalauza aatali, masokosi, ndi chipewa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zovala zokutidwa ndi permethrin.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo ndi DEET, picaridin, IR3535, mafuta a bulugamu a mandimu, kapena para-menthane-diol. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa, perekani mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo mukamadzola mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa.
• Kugona mchipinda chokhala ndi zowongolera mpweya kapena mawindo okhala ndi zowonera. Fufuzani zowonetsera mabowo akulu.
• Chotsani madzi oyimirira pazidebe zilizonse zakunja monga zidebe, miphika yamaluwa, ndi malo osambira mbalame.
• Ngati mukugona panja, muzigona pansi pa ukonde wa udzudzu.

Mukamabwerera kuchokera kudera limodzi ndi Zika, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse udzudzu kwa milungu itatu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti musafalikire Zika ku udzudzu m'dera lanu.

CDC imapereka malangizo awa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati:

• Osapita kudera lililonse komwe kachilombo ka Zika kamapezeka.
• Ngati mukuyenera kupita kudera limodzi mwamagawo awa, lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani kaye ndikutsatira njira zomwe mungapewere udzudzu paulendo wanu.
• Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mwapita kudera lomwe Zika amapezeka, uzani omwe akukuthandizani.
• Mukapita kudera limodzi ndi Zika, muyenera kukayezetsa Zika pasanathe milungu iwiri mutabwerera kwanu, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro kapena ayi.
• Ngati mumakhala m'dera ndi Zika, muyenera kuyankhulana ndi omwe amakupatsani nthawi yonse yomwe muli ndi pakati. Mudzayesedwa Zika mukakhala ndi pakati.
• Ngati mumakhala m'dera la Zika ndipo mumakhala ndi zizindikiro za Zika nthawi iliyonse mukakhala ndi pakati, muyenera kuyezetsa Zika.
• Ngati wokondedwa wanu wapita kumene Zika, pezani zogonana kapena gwiritsani ntchito makondomu moyenera nthawi iliyonse yomwe mumagonana. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugonana, kumaliseche, ndi mkamwa (pakamwa ndi mbolo kapena fallatio).

CDC imapereka malangizowa kwa azimayi omwe akufuna kukhala ndi pakati:

• Osapita kumadera omwe ali ndi Zika.
• Ngati mukuyenera kupita kudera limodzi mwamagawo awa, lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani kaye ndikutsatira njira zomwe mungapewere udzudzu paulendo wanu.
• Ngati mumakhala m'dera ndi Zika, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani zomwe mukufuna kuti mukhale ndi pakati, chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka Zika mukakhala ndi pakati, komanso momwe mnzanu angatengere Zika.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka Zika, muyenera kuyembekezera miyezi iwiri mutadwala kapena mutapezeka ndi Zika musanayese kutenga pakati.
• Ngati mwapita kudera lomwe Zika alipo, koma mulibe zizindikiro za Zika, muyenera kudikirira miyezi iwiri kuchokera tsiku lomaliza lomwe mwawonetsedwa kuti mukufuna kutenga pakati.
• Ngati mnzanu wapita kudera lomwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Zika ndipo alibe zisonyezo za Zika, muyenera kudikirira miyezi itatu atabwerako kuti adzayerekeze kutenga pakati.
• Ngati mnzanu wapita kudera lomwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Zika ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro za Zika, muyenera kudikirira miyezi itatu kuchokera tsiku lomwe zidayamba kapena tsiku lomwe adapezeka kuti akufuna kukhala ndi pakati.

CDC imapereka malingaliro awa kwa azimayi ndi anzawo omwe SAKUYENERA kutenga pakati:

• Amuna omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za Zika sayenera kugonana kapena agwiritse ntchito kondomu kwa miyezi itatu chiyambireni zizindikiro kapena tsiku lodziwitsa.
• Amayi omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za Zika sayenera kugonana kapena agwiritse ntchito kondomu kwa miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zidayamba kapena tsiku lodziwitsa.
• Amuna omwe alibe zizindikiro za Zika sayenera kugonana kapena agwiritse ntchito kondomu kwa miyezi itatu atabwera kuchokera kokayenda kudera limodzi ndi Zika.
• Amayi omwe alibe zizindikiro za Zika sayenera kugonana kapena agwiritse ntchito kondomu kwa miyezi iwiri atabwera kuchokera kokayenda kudera limodzi ndi Zika.
  
• Amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala mdera la Zika sayenera kugonana kapena agwiritse ntchito kondomu nthawi yonse yomwe Zika amakhala mderalo.

Zika sungafalikire HIV itadutsa kuchokera mthupi. Komabe, sizikudziwika kuti Zika angakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji mumadzimadzi kapena umuna.

Madera omwe kachilombo ka Zika amapezeka angasinthe, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana tsamba la CDC pamndandanda waposachedwa kwambiri wamayiko omwe akhudzidwa komanso upangiri waposachedwa kwambiri woyenda.

Onse omwe akuyenda pachiwopsezo cha Zika ayenera kupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu kwa milungu itatu atabwerera, kupewa kufalikira kwa Zika ku udzudzu womwe ungafalitse kachiromboka kwa anthu ena.

Zika kachilombo kachilombo; Zika kachilombo; Zika

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika ku US. www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html. Idasinthidwa Novembala 7, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Amayi apakati ndi Zika. www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/protect-yourself.html. Idasinthidwa pa February 26, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Dzitetezeni & ena. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/protect-yourself-and-others.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 21, 2020. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Amayi ndi anzawo akuyesera kutenga pakati. www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/women-and-their-partners.html. Idasinthidwa pa February 26, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika virus yothandizira zaumoyo: kuwunika zamankhwala & matenda. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/paring-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 28, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika virus: zizindikiro, kuyesa, & chithandizo. www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 3, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zika virus: njira zopatsira. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html.Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 24, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 1, 2020.

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