Masewera olimbitsa thupi
Mlembi:
Clyde Lopez
Tsiku La Chilengedwe:
17 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku:
14 Novembala 2024
Zamkati
Gymnema ndi chitsamba chokwera chomwe chimachokera ku India ndi Africa. Masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Gymnema yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali mu mankhwala a Ayurvedic ku India. Dzina lachi Hindi laku gymnema limatanthauza "wowononga shuga."Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi a matenda ashuga, kuonda, ndi zina, koma palibe umboni wabwino wasayansi wotsimikizira izi.
Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse mitengo yogwira ntchito potengera umboni wasayansi molingana ndi muyeso wotsatirawu: Wogwira Mtima, Wogwira Mtima, Mwinanso Wogwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Wosagwira Ntchito, Ndi Umboni Wosakwanira Wowerengera.
Kuchita bwino kwa GYMNEMA ndi awa:
Umboni wosakwanira woti ungagwire bwino ntchito ...
- Matenda a shuga. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kumwa masewera olimbitsa thupi pakamwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a insulin kapena matenda ashuga kumatha kuchepetsa kuwongolera kwa magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
- Matenda amadzimadzi. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa masabata a 12 kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri okhala ndi matenda amthupi. Koma masewera olimbitsa thupi samawoneka ngati othandiza pakuwongolera shuga wamagazi kapena kusintha kwama cholesterol mwa anthuwa.
- Kuchepetsa thupi. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa milungu 12 kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi mwa anthu ena onenepa kwambiri. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsanso kuti kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi, hydroxycitric acid, ndi niacin womangidwa ndi chromium pakamwa kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa anthu omwe onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.
- Tsokomola.
- Kuchulukitsa kwamkodzo (diuretic).
- Malungo.
- Matenda amadzimadzi.
- Njoka ikuluma.
- Kufewetsa chopondapo (mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba).
- Kulimbikitsa chimbudzi.
Gymnema ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo. Masewera olimbitsa thupi amathanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulini mthupi ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa maselo m'matumba, omwe ndi malo m'thupi momwe insulin imapangidwira.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO akamamwa pakamwa moyenera kwa miyezi 20.
Chenjezo lapadera & machenjezo:
Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa: Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa. Khalani otetezeka ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito.Matenda a shuga: Gymnema imatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Onetsetsani zizindikiro za shuga wotsika magazi (hypoglycemia) ndikuwunika shuga wanu wamagazi mosamala ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga komanso mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Opaleshoni: Gymnema imatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndipo imatha kusokoneza kuwongolera kwa magazi mkati ndi pambuyo pochita opaleshoni. Lekani kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera masabata awiri musanachite opareshoni.
- Wamkati
- Samalani ndi kuphatikiza uku.
- Insulini
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi. Insulin imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi insulin kungapangitse kuti magazi anu azitsika kwambiri. Onetsetsani shuga lanu lamagazi mwatcheru. Mlingo wa insulini yanu ungafunike kusinthidwa.
- Mankhwala osinthidwa ndi chiwindi (magawo a Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2))
- Mankhwala ena amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi. Gymnema imatha kuchepa momwe chiwindi chimaphwanyira mankhwala ena mwachangu. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zovuta zina za mankhwala ena. Musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mutamwa mankhwala omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi.
Mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi ndi clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin) (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), theophylline, zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), ndi ena. - Mankhwala asinthidwa ndi chiwindi (magawo a Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9))
- Mankhwala ena amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi. Gymnema imatha kusintha momwe chiwindi chimawononge mankhwala mwachangu. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi atha kusintha zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena. Musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mutamwa mankhwala omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi.
Mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi ndi amitriptyline (Elavil), diazepam (Valium), zileuton (Zyflo), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), fluvastatin (Lescol), glipizide (Glucotrol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) , irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), phenytoin (Dilantin), piroxicam (Feldene), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), tolbutamide (Tolinase), torsemide (Demadex), warfarin (Coumadin), ndi ena. - Mankhwala a shuga (Mankhwala oletsa matenda a shuga)
- Mankhwala owonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi amawoneka kuti amachepetsa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mankhwala a shuga amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi mankhwala ashuga kumatha kupangitsa kuti magazi anu azitsika kwambiri. Onetsetsani shuga lanu lamagazi mwatcheru. Mlingo wa mankhwala anu ashuga angafunike kusinthidwa.
Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a shuga ndi glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), . - Phenacetin
- Thupi limaphwanya phenacetin kuti lichotse. Gymnema imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagwetsera phenacetin mwachangu. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi mukamamwa phenacetin kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za phenacetin. Musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mukumwa phenacetin.
- Tolbutamide
- Thupi limaphwanya tolbutamide kuti lichotse. Gymnema itha kukulitsa momwe thupi limaphwanyira tolbutamide mwachangu. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi mukamamwa tolbutamide kumatha kuchepetsa zotsatira za tolbutamide. Musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mukumwa tolbutamide.
- Zing'onozing'ono
- Khalani maso ndi kuphatikiza uku.
- Mankhwala osinthidwa ndi ziwindi (magawo a Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4))
- Mankhwala ena amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi. Gymnema imatha kuchepa momwe chiwindi chimaphwanyira mankhwala ena mwachangu. Kutenga masewera olimbitsa thupi limodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zovuta zina za mankhwala ena. Musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati mutamwa mankhwala omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi.
Mankhwala ena omwe amasinthidwa ndi chiwindi ndi lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), diltiazem (Cardizem), estrogens, indinavir (Crixivan), triazolam (Halcion), ndi ena ambiri.
- Zitsamba ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingachepetse shuga m'magazi
- Kuchotsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi zitsamba zina zomwe zingakhudze magazi mwa anthu ena. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi monga alpha-lipoic acid, vwende wowawasa, chromium, claw wa satana, fenugreek, adyo, chingamu cha guar, mgoza wamahatchi, Panax ginseng, psyllium, ginseng waku Siberia, ndi ena.
- Asidi asidi
- Gymnema ikhoza kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa thupi kwa oleic acid.
- Palibe zochitika zodziwika ndi zakudya.
Chomera cha ku Australia, Chi geng teng, Gemnema Melicida, Gimnema, Gur-Mar, Gurmar, Gurmarbooti, Gurmur, Gymnema sylvestre, Gymnéma, Gymnéma Sylvestre, Madhunashini, Merasingi, Meshasring, Meshashringi, Miracle Plant, Periploca sylvestriss Periploca sylvestriss , Waldschlinge, Vishani.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe nkhaniyi idalembedwera, chonde onani Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse njira.
- Vaghela M, Iyer K, Pandita N. In vitro inhibitory effect of gymnema sylvestre extracts and gymnemic acids acids fraction in select cytochrome P450 activities in rat chiwindi microsomes. Eur J Mankhwala a Metab Pharmacokinet. 2017 Oct 10. Onani zosadziwika.
- Vaghela M, Sahu N, Kharkar P, Pandita N.Mu vivo pharmacokinetic yolumikizana ndi ethanolic yotulutsa gymnema sylvestre ndi CYP2C9 (tolbutamide), CYP3A4 (amlodipine) ndi CYP1A2 (phenacetin) mu makoswe.Chem Biol Yolumikizana. 2017 Dec 25; 278: 141-151. Onani zenizeni.
- (Adasankhidwa) Rammohan B, Samit K, Chinmoy D, et al. Kusintha kwa enzyme ya cytochrome P450 yojambulidwa ndi gymnema sylvestre: kuwunika koyeserera kwa chitetezo ndi LC-MS / MS. Pharmacogn Mag. 2016 Jul; 12 (Suppl 4): S389-S394. Onani zenizeni.
- Zuniga LY, Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Martinez-Abundis E.Zotsatira za masewera olimbitsa thupi a sylvestre pa matenda amadzimadzi, kukhudzidwa kwa insulin, komanso kutsekemera kwa insulin. J Med Chakudya. 2017 Ogasiti; 20: 750-54. Onani zenizeni.
- Shiyovich A, Sztarkier I, Nesher L. Hepatitis yoopsa yoyambitsidwa ndi Gymnema sylvestre, mankhwala achilengedwe amtundu wa 2 shuga. Ndine J Med Sci. 2010; 340: 514-7. Onani zenizeni.
- Nakamura Y, Tsumura Y, Tonogai Y, Shibata T. Fecal steroid excretion imakulitsidwa ndi makoswe poyamwa pakamwa ma gymnemic acid omwe ali m'masamba a Gymnema sylvestre. J Zakudya 1999; 129: 1214-22. Onani zenizeni.
- Fabio GD, Romanucci V, De Marco A, Zarrelli A. Triterpenoids ochokera ku Gymnema sylvestre ndi zochitika zawo zamankhwala. Mamolekyulu. 2014; 19: 10956-81. Onani zenizeni.
- Arunachalam KD, Arun LB, Annamalai SK, Arunachalam AM. Zomwe zingakhale zotsutsana ndi khansa ya bioactive mankhwala a Gymnema sylvestre ndi biofunctionalized nanoparticles zasiliva. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014; 10: 31-41. Onani zenizeni.
- Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties a Gymnema sylvestre: chomera chofunikira chamankhwala. Zotsalira Res Int. 2014; 2014: 830285. Onani zenizeni.
- Singh VK, Dwivedi P, Chaudhary BR, Singh R. Immunomodulatory zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.) yotulutsa tsamba: kafukufuku wa vitro mu makoswe. PLoS Mmodzi. 2015; 10: e0139631. Onani zenizeni.
- Kamble B, Gupta A, Moothedath I, Khatal L, Janrao S, Jadhav A, et al. Zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre yotulutsa pa pharmacokinetics ndi pharmacodynamics a glimepiride mu streptozotocin omwe amachititsa makoswe ashuga. Chem Biol Yolumikizana. 2016; 245: 30-8. Onani zenizeni.
- Murakami, N, Murakami, T, Kadoya, M, ndi ena onse. Malo atsopano a hypoglycemic mu "gymnemic acid" ochokera ku Gymnema sylvestre. Chem Pharm Bull. 1996; 44: 469-471.
- Sinsheimer JE, Rao GS, ndi McIlhenny HM. Madera ochokera ku Gymnema sylvestre amachoka ku V. Kudzipatula komanso mawonekedwe oyambira a ma gymnemic acids. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59: 622-628 (Pamasamba)
- Wang LF, Luo H, Miyoshi M, ndi et al. Kuletsa kwa thupi la masewera olimbitsa thupi m'matumbo a oleic acid mu makoswe. Kodi J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 76: 1017-1023.
- Terasawa H, Miyoshi M, ndi Imoto T.Zotsatira zakukonzekera kwakanthawi kwa Gymnema sylvestre madzi-kutulutsa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol yathunthu ndi insulin m'makoswe amafuta a Wistar. Yonago Acta Med 1994; 37: 117-127.
- Bishayee, A ndi Chatterjee, M. Hypolipidaemic ndi antiatherosclerotic zotsatira za gymnema sylvestre R. Br. Kutulutsa masamba mu makoswe a albino kumadyetsa chakudya chambiri. Phytother Res 1994; 8: 118-120.
- Tominaga M, Kimura M, Sugiyama K, ndi et al. Zotsatira za seishin-renshi-in ndi Gymnema sylvestre pa kukana kwa insulini mu makoswe a shuga omwe amachititsa streptozotocin. Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya 1995; 29: 11-17.
- Gupta SS ndi Variyar MC. Kafukufuku woyeserera pituitary shuga IV. Zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre ndi Coccinia indica motsutsana ndi mayankho a hyperglycemia a somatotrophin ndi corticotrophin mahomoni. Indian J Med Res 1964; 52: 200-207 (Pamasamba)
- Chattopadhyay RR. Njira zotheka za antihyperglycemic zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre tsamba lochotsa, Gawo I. Gen Pharm 1998; 31: 495-496.
- Shanmugasundaram ERB, Gopinath KL, Shanmugasundaram KR, ndi et al. Kukonzanso kotheka kwa zilumba za Langerhans mu makoswe a streptozotocin-ashuga omwe amapatsidwa masamba a Gymnema sylvestre. J Ethnopharm 1990; 30: 265-279 (Pamasamba)
- Shanmugasundaram KR, Panneerselvam C, Samudram P, ndi et al. Kusintha kwa ma enzyme ndikugwiritsa ntchito shuga mu kalulu wa matenda ashuga: momwe Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. J Ethnopharm. 1983; 7: 205-234 (Pamasamba)
- Srivastava Y, Bhatt HV, Prem AS, ndi et al. Matenda a hypoglycemic komanso otalikitsa moyo a Gymnema sylvestre tsamba lochotsa makoswe a matenda ashuga. Israeli J Med Sci 1985; 21: 540-542.
- Shanmugasundaram ERB, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, ndi et al. Kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la Gymnema sylvestre lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi magazi m'magazi a shuga omwe amadalira matenda a shuga. J Ethnopharm 1990; 30: 281-294 (Pamasamba)
- Khare AK, Tondon RN, ndi Tewari JP. Zochita za Hypoglycaemic za mankhwala azikhalidwe (Gymnema sylvestre, "Gurmar") mwa anthu abwinobwino komanso odwala matenda ashuga. Indian J Physiol Pharm. 1983; 27: 257-258 (Pamasamba)
- Kothe A ndi Uppal R. Antidiabetic zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre mu NIDDM - kafukufuku wamfupi. Indian J Homeopath Med 1997; 32 (1-2): 61-62, 66.
- Baskaran, K, Ahamath, BK, Shanmugasundaram, KR, ndi ena onse. Antidiabetic zotsatira za tsamba lomwe limachokera ku Gymnema sylvestre mwa odwala omwe samadalira matenda a shuga. J Ethnopharm 1990; 30: 295-305 (Pamasamba)
- Yoshikawa, M., Murakami, T., Kadoya, M., Li, Y., Murakami, N., Yamahara, J., ndi Matsuda, H. Zakudya zamankhwala. IX. The zoletsa za kuyamwa kwa shuga kuchokera m'masamba a Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. (Asclepiadaceae): nyumba zopangira masewera olimbitsa thupi a ndi b. Chem. Pharm Bull. (Tokyo) 1997; 45: 1671-1676. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
- Okabayashi, Y., Tani, S., Fujisawa, T., Koide, M., Hasegawa, H., Nakamura, T., Fujii, M., ndi Otsuki, M. Zotsatira za Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. pa glucose homeostasis mu makoswe. Matenda a Shuga Res 1990; 9: 143-148. Onani zenizeni.
- Jiang, H. [Kupita patsogolo mu kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi hypoglycemic of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2003; 26: 305-307. Onani zenizeni.
- Gholap, S. ndi Kar, A. Zotsatira za Inula racemosa muzu ndi Gymnema sylvestre masamba omwe amatulutsa mu corticosteroid omwe adayambitsa matenda a shuga: kutenga nawo mahomoni a chithokomiro. Mankhwala. 2003; 58: 413-415. Onani zenizeni.
- Ananthan R., Latha M., Pari L., Ramkumar K., M. J Med Chakudya. 2003; 6: 43-49. Onani zenizeni.
- Xie, J. T., Wang, A., Mehendale, S., Wu, J., Aung, H. H., Dey, L., Qiu, S., ndi Yuan, C. S. Zotsutsana ndi matenda ashuga zomwe zimachokera ku Gymnema yunnanense. Pharmacol Res. 2003; 47: 323-329. Onani zenizeni.
- Porchezhian, E. ndi Dobriyal, R. M. Chidule cha kupita patsogolo kwa Gymnema sylvestre: chemistry, pharmacology ndi ma patent. Mankhwala. 2003; 58: 5-12. Onani zenizeni.
- Preuss, H. G., Garis, R. I., Bramble, J. D., Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Rao, C. V., ndi Satyanarayana, S. Kugwira ntchito kwa mchere watsopano wa calcium / potaziyamu wa (-) - asidi wa hydroxycitric pakuwongolera kunenepa. Int. J Chipatala Pharmacol. Res. 2005; 25: 133-144. Onani zenizeni.
- Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, ndi al. Zotsatira zakutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa (-) - hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) komanso kuphatikiza kwa HCA-SX kuphatikiza chromium chomangidwa ndi niacin ndi Gymnema sylvestre pakuchepetsa thupi. Matenda a shuga Obab 2004; 6: 171-180. Onani zenizeni.
- Satdive RK, Abhilash P, Fulzele DP. Antimicrobial ntchito ya Gymnema sylvestre tsamba lochotsa. Fitoterapia. 2003; 74: 699-701. Onani zenizeni.
- Ananthan R, Baskar C, NarmathaBai V, ndi al. Mphamvu ya Antidiabetic ya Gymnema montanum masamba: zotsatira za lipid peroxidation imapangitsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative mumayeso a shuga. Mankhwala a Pharmacol Res 2003; 48: 551-6. Onani zenizeni.
- Luo H, Kashiwagi A, Shibahara T, Yamada K. Anachepetsa kunenepa mopanda mphamvu ndipo amayendetsa lipoprotein metabolism ndi gymnemate mu genetic multifactor syndrome nyama. Mol Cell Zachilengedwe 2007; 299: 93-8. Onani zenizeni.
- Persaud SJ, Al-Majed H, Raman A, Jones PM. Gymnema sylvestre imalimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa insulini mu vitro powonjezera kupindika kwa nembanemba. J Endocrinol 1999; 163: 207-12 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Kuwunikanso mwatsatanetsatane zitsamba ndi zakudya zowonjezera mavitamini a shuga. Chisamaliro cha shuga 2003; 26: 1277-94. Onani zenizeni.
- Katsukawa H, Imoto T, Ninomiya Y.Kulowetsedwa kwa mapuloteni omanga ma gurmarin m'makoswe omwe amadyetsa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chem Sense 1999; 24: 387-92. Onani zenizeni.
- Sinsheimer JE, Subba-Rao G, McIlhenny HM. (Adasankhidwa) Zomwe zimachokera ku masamba a G sylvestre: kudzipatula komanso mawonekedwe oyambira amadzimadzi amadzimadzi. J Pharmacol Sci 1970; 59: 622-8 (Pamasamba)
- Mutu KA. Type 1 matenda ashuga: kupewa matendawa ndi zovuta zake. Kalata ya Townsend ya Madokotala & Odwala 1998; 180: 72-84.
- Baskaran K, Kizar Ahamath B, Radha Shanmugasundaram K, Shanmugasundaram ER. Matenda a antidiabetic amachokera ku Gymnema sylvestre mwa odwala omwe samadalira matenda a shuga. J Ethnopharmacol 1990; 30: 295-300 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
- Shanmugasundaram ER, Rajeswari G, Baskaran K, ndi al. Kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba la Gymnema sylvestre lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi magazi m'magazi a shuga omwe amadalira matenda a shuga. J Ethnopharmacol 1990; 30: 281-94 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
- Blumenthal M, mkonzi. Gulu Lathunthu la Germany Commission E Monographs: Maupangiri Othandizira Amankhwala Azitsamba. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.