Kodi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kotani?

Zamkati

• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kali bwanji?
• Kodi Zizindikiro Zotenga kachilombo ka HIV Ndi Zotani?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana a HIV?
• Ndani ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?
• Mayeso a antibody
• Mayesero ena
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Kodi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi amaganiza bwanji?
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kangapewe bwanji?
• Kodi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angapeze kuti thandizo?

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kali bwanji?

Matenda oyambilira a HIV ndiye gawo loyambilira la HIV, ndipo limatha mpaka thupi litapanga ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilomboka.

Matenda opatsirana a HIV amayamba pakangodutsa milungu iwiri kapena inayi wina atatenga HIV. Amadziwikanso kuti kachilombo koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana. Pachiyambi ichi, kachilomboka kakuchulukirachulukira mwachangu.

Mosiyana ndi ma virus ena, omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kulimbana nawo, HIV singathe kuthetsedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, kachilomboka kamawononga ndi kuwononga maselo amthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze matenda ndi matenda ena. Izi zikachitika, zimatha kubweretsa HIV mochedwa, yotchedwa AIDS kapena gawo lachitatu la HIV.

N'zotheka kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma virus nthawi imeneyi.

Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sakudziwa kuti atenga kachilomboka.

Izi ndichifukwa choti zizindikiritso zoyambirira zimatha zokha kapena zitha kusokonekera chifukwa cha matenda ena monga chimfine. Mayeso a anti-anti a HIV nthawi zonse samatha kuzindikira gawo ili la HIV.

Kodi Zizindikiro Zotenga kachilombo ka HIV Ndi Zotani?

Zizindikiro zoyipa za kachirombo ka HIV ndizofanana ndi za chimfine ndi matenda ena a ma virus, kotero anthu sangaganize kuti atenga kachilombo ka HIV.

M'malo mwake, akuti pafupifupi anthu 1.2 miliyoni ku United States omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, pafupifupi 14 peresenti ya iwo sakudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuyesedwa ndiye njira yokhayo yodziwira.

Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV zingaphatikizepo:

• zidzolo
• malungo
• kuzizira
• mutu
• kutopa
• chikhure
• thukuta usiku
• kusowa chilakolako
• Zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka mkamwa kapena pakamwa, pammero, kapena kumaliseche
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kutsegula m'mimba

Sizizindikiro zonse zomwe zimakhalapo, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV alibe zizindikiro zilizonse.

Komabe, ngati munthu akukumana ndi zizindikilo, amatha masiku angapo kapena mpaka milungu inayi, kenako amatha ngakhale popanda chithandizo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana a HIV?

Matenda oyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV amapezeka milungu iwiri kapena inayi kuchokera pomwe adayamba kupezeka ndi kachilomboka. HIV imafalikira kudzera:

• kuthiridwa magazi koipitsidwa, makamaka 1985 isanachitike
• kugawana masirinji kapena singano ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
• kukhudzana ndi magazi, umuna, madzi a kumaliseche, kapena zimbudzi zomwe zili ndi HIV
• kutenga pakati kapena kuyamwitsa ngati mayi ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV

HIV sinafalitsidwe kudzera mwa kukhudzana mwakuthupi, monga kukumbatirana, kupsompsonana, kugwirana manja, kapena kugawana ziwiya zodyera.

Malovu samafalitsa kachilombo ka HIV.

Ndani ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?

HIV imatha kukhudza anthu amisinkhu iliyonse, amuna kapena akazi, mtundu, kapena malingaliro azakugonana. Komabe, zomwe zimachitika mikhalidwe zitha kuyika magulu ena pachiwopsezo chotenga kachirombo ka HIV. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• anthu omwe amagawana masingano ndi majakisoni
• amuna ogonana ndi amuna

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?

Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo akukayikira kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ayesa mayeso angapo kuti aone ngati ali ndi kachilombo.

Kuyesedwa koyenera kwa kachilombo ka HIV sikudzazindikira kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Mayeso a antibody

Mayeso ambiri owunika kachilombo ka HIV amayang'ana ma antibodies ku HIV osati kachilombo komweko. Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni omwe amazindikira ndikuwononga zinthu zoyipa, monga ma virus ndi bacteria.

Kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ena nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa matenda omwe alipo. Komabe, zimatha kutenga milungu ingapo kuchokera pomwe kachirombo ka HIV kadzayamba kuonekera.

Ngati zotsatira za mayeso a antibody a munthu zilibe koma wothandizira zaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti atha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, amathanso kupatsidwa mayeso a kuchuluka kwa ma virus.

Wothandizira zaumoyo angawauzenso kuti abwereze kuyesa kwa antibody milungu ingapo pambuyo pake kuti awone ngati ma antibodies apanga.

Mayesero ena

Mayeso ena omwe amatha kuzindikira ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV RNA
• p24 kuyesa magazi kwa antigen
• kuphatikiza mayeso a antigen ndi antibody (omwe amatchedwanso mayeso a mibadwo yachinayi)

P24 antigen blood test imazindikira p24 antigen, protein yomwe imangopezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Antigen ndi chinthu chachilendo chomwe chimayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi mthupi.

Mayeso a m'badwo wachinayi ndi mayeso ovuta kwambiri, koma sikuti nthawi zonse amazindikira matenda mkati mwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira.

Anthu omwe amatenga mayeso a m'badwo wachinayi kapena p24 antigen magazi amafunikanso kutsimikizira ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo.

Aliyense amene wapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo mwina akukumana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ayenera kuyesedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo akudziwa kuti winawake watenga kachilombo ka HIV posachedwa, adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso omwe angathe kuzindikira kuti ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo choyenera ndichofunikira kwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala komanso asayansi akuvomereza kuti chithandizo choyambirira cha mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onse omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali okonzeka kuyamba kumwa mankhwala tsiku lililonse.

Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu chingachepetse zovuta zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi.

Mankhwala atsopano ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amalekerera bwino, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala zotheka zotsatirapo.

Ngati munthu akuganiza kuti ali ndi vuto linalake kapena mankhwala omwe sagwirizana nawo, ayenera kulumikizana ndi omwe amathandizira.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, othandizira azaumoyo amathanso kunena zosintha zina pamoyo wawo, kuphatikiza:

• kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chothandizira kuthandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi
• kuchita zachiwerewere ndi makondomu kapena njira zina zopewera kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena komanso kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs)
• kuchepetsa nkhawa, zomwe zitha kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi
• kupewa kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda komanso ma virus, popeza chitetezo chamthupi cha omwe ali ndi HIV chimakhala chovuta kuyankha
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
• kukhalabe achangu komanso kusunga zosangalatsa
• kuchepetsa kapena kupewa mowa komanso kubaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kugwiritsa ntchito singano zoyera pobayira mankhwala
• kusiya kusuta

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi amaganiza bwanji?

Palibe mankhwala a HIV, koma mankhwala amalola anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti azikhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi. Malingaliro ndi abwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amayamba kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala asanawononge kachilombo ka HIV.

Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso chithandizo choyenera kumathandiza kupewa HIV kupita ku Edzi.

Kuchiza bwino kumapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi moyo wokhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo ka HIV kamawerengedwa kuti ndi kanthawi kochepa ndipo kamatha kuyendetsedwa nthawi yayitali.

Chithandizo chitha kuthandizanso kuti munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV afike pamagulu osazindikirika, pomwe sangatenge kachilombo ka HIV kwa omwe amagonana nawo.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kangapewe bwanji?

Matenda oyambilira a HIV atha kupewedwa popewa kukhudzana ndi magazi, umuna, kutulutsa kumatako, ndi madzi anyini a munthu amene ali ndi HIV.

M'munsimu muli njira zina zochepetsera kutenga kachilombo ka HIV:

• Chepetsani kuwonekera musanagonane, nthawi yayitali, komanso mutagonana. Njira zosiyanasiyana zodzitetezera zilipo kuphatikiza makondomu (amuna kapena akazi), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), chithandizo chothandizira kupewa (TasP), ndi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• Pewani kugawana singano. Osagawana kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito singano mukamabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kulemba mphini. Mizinda yambiri ili ndi mapulogalamu osinthana ndi singano omwe amapereka singano zosabereka.
• Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito magazi. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito magazi, gwiritsani magolovesi a latex ndi zopinga zina.
• Kayezetseni HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Kuyezetsa magazi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe munthu angadziwire ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Omwe akupezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kupeza chithandizo chomwe chitha kuthetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kwa omwe amagonana nawo. Kuyesedwa ndi kulandira chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana kumachepetsa chiopsezo chowafalitsa kwa omwe amagonana nawo. CDC kuyesa kuyesa kwa chaka chilichonse kwa anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena omwe amagonana popanda kondomu kapena njira zina zolepheretsa.

Kodi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angapeze kuti thandizo?

Kupeza kachilombo ka HIV kumatha kukhumudwitsa anthu ena, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza njira yolimbikitsira yothandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingachitike.

Pali mabungwe ambiri komanso anthu odzipereka kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, komanso madera ambiri akumaloko ndi pa intaneti omwe atha kuthandiza.

Kuyankhula ndi mlangizi kapena kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira kumathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi HIV kukambirana nkhawa zawo ndi ena omwe angamve zomwe akukumana nazo.

Hotline zamagulu a HIV ndi boma zitha kupezeka patsamba la Health Resources and Services Administration.