Kodi Chizoloŵezi Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Mitundu yake ndi iti?
• Zinthu kapena machitidwe omwe angayambitse chizolowezi
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa kuledzera?
• Ubongo
• Kuwonekera koyambirira
• Masitepe ake ndi otani?
• Zovuta zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi mumatani ngati mumamwa mowa mwauchidakwa?
• Kodi mungapeze kuti chithandizo chokomera anthu osokoneza bongo?

Kodi tanthauzo lakumwa ndizotani?

Kuledzera ndikumatha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudza mphotho, chidwi, ndi kukumbukira. Ndipafupifupi momwe thupi lanu limalakalaka chinthu kapena machitidwe, makamaka ngati amayambitsa "mphotho" mokakamiza kapena mopitilira muyeso ndikusowa kuda nkhawa pazotsatira zake.

Wina yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo:

• osatha kukhala kutali ndi mankhwalawo kapena kusiya chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• onetsani kusadziletsa
• khalani ndi chikhumbo chowonjezeka cha mankhwalawo kapena machitidwe
• onetsani momwe machitidwe awo angayambitsire mavuto
• kusowa choyankha

Popita nthawi, zosokoneza bongo zimatha kusokoneza kwambiri moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo nawonso amatha kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi kukhululukidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atha kuyenda pakati pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso mofatsa. Ngakhale izi zakhala zikuchitika, zizolowezi zambiri zimaipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Zitha kubweretsa zovuta zathanzi komanso zovuta zina monga bankirapuse.

Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuti aliyense amene ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa apeze thandizo. Imbani 800-622-4357 kuti mumve zachinsinsi komanso zaulere, ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto. Nambala iyi ndi ya The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Adzatha kupereka zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera pazovuta zopewa komanso zamaganizidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mitundu yake ndi iti?

Malinga ndi bungwe lachifundo ku UK Action on Addiction, 1 mwa anthu atatu padziko lapansi ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Kuledzera kumatha kubwera ngati chinthu chilichonse kapena machitidwe.

Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino komanso choopsa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 10 aku America ali ndi vuto lakumwa. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, oposa magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

• chikonga, chopezeka mufodya
• THC, wopezeka mu chamba
• opioid (mankhwala osokoneza bongo), kapena kupweteka kumachepetsa
• cocaine

Zinthu kapena machitidwe omwe angayambitse chizolowezi

Mu 2014, Addiction.com, tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe ladzipereka kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, adalemba mndandanda wazinthu 10 zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa nikotini, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi mowa, zizolowezi zina zomwe amakonda:

• khofi kapena caffeine
• njuga
• mkwiyo, ngati njira yothanirana ndi mavuto
• chakudya
• ukadaulo
• kugonana
• ntchito

Ukadaulo, zogonana, komanso zosokoneza bongo sizimadziwika ngati zosokoneza bongo ndi American Psychiatric Association mu kope lawo laposachedwa kwambiri la Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Zizolowezi zina kapena zikhalidwe zina zimawoneka ngati zosokoneza bongo. Koma pankhani ya chizolowezi choledzera, munthu nthawi zambiri samachita bwino akapanda kulandira "mphotho" yake. Mwachitsanzo, wina yemwe amakonda kumwa khofi amatha kukhala ndi zizolowezi zochoka pamthupi komanso m'maganizo monga kupweteka kwa mutu komanso kukwiya.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zambiri zosokoneza bongo zimakhudzana ndi kulephera kwa munthu kudziletsa. Izi zikuphatikiza kusintha komwe kuli:

• chikhalidwe, monga kufunafuna zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa chinthu kapena machitidwe
• khalidwe, chinsinsi chinawonjezeka
• zokhudzana ndi thanzi, monga kusowa tulo kapena kukumbukira kukumbukira
• zokhudzana ndi umunthu

Wina yemwe ali ndi chowonjezera sangayimitse machitidwe awo, ngakhale atazindikira mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa chakusuta. Nthawi zina, awonetsanso kusowa ulamuliro, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zoposa zomwe akufuna.

Khalidwe lina komanso kusintha kwamaganizidwe okhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi monga:

• kuwunika kopanda tanthauzo kapena koyipa kwa zabwino ndi zoyipa zomwe zimakhudzana ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kapena machitidwe
• kuimba mlandu zinthu zina kapena anthu pa mavuto awo
• kuchuluka kwa nkhawa, kukhumudwa, ndi kukhumudwa
• kuwonjezeka kukhudzidwa ndi kuchitapo kanthu koopsa kupsinjika
• zovuta kuzindikira malingaliro
• kuvuta kusiyanitsa pakati pakumverera ndi zomverera zathupi zamunthu

Nchiyani chimayambitsa kuledzera?

Zinthu zosokoneza bongo ndi machitidwe atha kupanga chosangalatsa "chapamwamba" chomwe chimakhala chakuthupi komanso chamaganizidwe. Mudzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zambiri kapena kuchita zinthu zazitali kuti mukwaniritse zomwezo. Popita nthawi, kuzolowera kumakhala kovuta kusiya.

Ubongo

Anthu ena amatha kuyesa chinthu kapena machitidwe osayandikiranso, pomwe ena amakhala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimachitika pang'ono chifukwa cha ma lobes am'mbuyomu aubongo. Lobe yakutsogolo imalola munthu kuchedwa kuti amve mphotho kapena chisangalalo. Poledzera, zovuta zakutsogolo kwa lobe ndi kukhutiritsa ndizachangu.

Mbali zina zaubongo zitha kukhalanso ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. The anterior cingate cortex and the nucleus accumbens, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndimisangalalo yosangalatsa, imatha kukulitsa kuyankha kwa munthu akawonetsedwa ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo ndi machitidwe.

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa kusuta ndizophatikizira kusamvana kwamankhwala muubongo ndi zovuta zamaganizidwe monga schizophrenia kapena bipolar disorder. Izi zimatha kubweretsa njira zothanirana ndi zosokoneza bongo zomwe zimakhala zosokoneza bongo.

Kuwonekera koyambirira

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kudziwonetsa mobwerezabwereza komanso mwachangu pazinthu zosokoneza bongo komanso zikhalidwe zawo kumathandiza kwambiri. Genetics imathandizanso kuti pakhale chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa pafupifupi 50%, malinga ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine.

Koma chifukwa chakuti zizolowezi zomwe zimachitika m'banja sizitanthauza kuti munthu atha kukhala nazo.

Chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe zimathandizanso momwe munthu amayankhira pankhani kapena machitidwe. Kuperewera kapena kusokonezeka kwamachitidwe othandizira anthu kumatha kubweretsa zizolowezi kapena zizolowezi zina. Zokumana nazo zowawa zomwe zimakhudza kuthana ndi vuto zingathenso kuyambitsa zizolowezi zosokoneza.

Masitepe ake ndi otani?

Kuledzera kumakonda kusewera pang'onopang'ono. Ubongo wanu komanso momwe thupi lanu limayambira koyambirira kwa zosokoneza ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika munthawi yotsatira.

Magawo anayi osokoneza bongo ndi awa:

• kuyetsa: amagwiritsa ntchito kapena amachita chidwi
• zachikhalidwe kapena zanthawi zonse: amagwiritsa ntchito kapena amachita nawo zikhalidwe kapena pazikhalidwe
• vuto kapena chiopsezo: amagwiritsira ntchito kapena amachita zinthu mopambanitsa osanyalanyaza zotsatirapo zake
• kudalira: kumagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuchita zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena kangapo patsiku, ngakhale zitakhala zovuta

Zovuta zake ndi ziti?

Kuledzera komwe kumatsala pang'ono kusalandidwa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zakanthawi. Zotsatira izi zitha kukhala:

• thupi, monga matenda amtima, HIV / AIDS, komanso kuwonongeka kwamitsempha
• zamaganizidwe ndi malingaliro, monga nkhawa, kupsinjika, ndi kukhumudwa
• chikhalidwe, monga ndende komanso maubwenzi owonongeka
• zachuma, monga bankirapuse ndi ngongole

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe ake amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana paumoyo wamunthu. Zovuta zazikulu zimatha kudetsa nkhawa zaumoyo kapena zochitika zina kuti zitha kutha kwa moyo.

Kodi mumatani ngati mumamwa mowa mwauchidakwa?

Mitundu yonse yamankhwala osokoneza bongo imachiritsidwa. Ndondomeko zabwino kwambiri ndizokwanira, chifukwa chizolowezi chomwa bongo nthawi zambiri chimakhudza mbali zambiri m'moyo. Mankhwalawa adzayang'ana kukuthandizani kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa kuti asiye kufunafuna kapena kuchita nawo zomwe amakonda.

Mankhwala ochiritsira amaphatikizapo:

• mankhwala, pamavuto amisala monga kukhumudwa kapena schizophrenia
• psychotherapy, kuphatikiza machitidwe, zoyankhula, komanso zochizira zamagulu
• chithandizo chamankhwala, kuti athandizire kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu zakumwa, monga kusiya nthawi ya detox
• woyang'anira milandu, kuti athandizire kuwongolera ndikuwunika chithandizo chomwe chikupitilira
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• zothandizira ndi magulu othandizira

Mutha kuchezanso ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu kuti mukawunike. Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe dotolo amalimbikitsa umadalira kuopsa kwake komanso momwe zimakhalira. Atangoyamba kumene kuledzera, dokotala atha kumalangiza zamankhwala ndi chithandizo. Magawo amtsogolo atha kupindula ndi mankhwala opatsirana mwauchidakwa m'malo olamulidwa.

Kodi mungapeze kuti chithandizo chokomera anthu osokoneza bongo?

Kuthetsa kuledzera ndi ulendo wautali. Thandizo likhoza kuthandizira kwambiri kuti njira yochira ikhale yopambana. Mabungwe ambiri amatha kuthandiza, kutengera mtundu wa zosokoneza.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Al-Anon
• Zidakwa Sizimadziwika (AA)
• Cocaine Anonymous (CA)
• Crystal Meth Osadziwika (CMA)
• Otchova Juga Osadziwika (GA)
• Chamba Chosadziwika (MA)
• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (NA)
• Ogonana Amadziwika Osadziwika (SAA)
• Maonekedwe ndi Mawu Akuchira
• National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
• National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo
• Kubwezeretsa Kwanzeru
• Akazi Osasamala
• Mgwirizano Wapagulu Wotsutsa Mankhwala ku America

Mabungwewa atha kukuthandizani kuti mugwirizane ndi magulu othandizira, monga:

• magulu amderalo
• mabwalo apaintaneti
• Zambiri zaukadaulo ndi akatswiri
• ndondomeko zamankhwala

Njira yolimbikitsira anthu yofunikira pakachira. Kulola anzanu, abale, ndi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri nanu kudziwa za mapulani anu angakuthandizeni kuti muzitsatira komanso kupewa zomwe zingayambitse.

Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, imbani foni ku 800-622-4357 kuti mumve zachinsinsi komanso zotumizira kwaulere kuchokera ku SAMHSA. Funani chisamaliro chadzidzidzi ngati kuli kofunikira, makamaka ngati akhala ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha kapena zochita.