Chithandizo cha Autism Chitsogozo

Zamkati

• Kusanthula kwamachitidwe
• Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe
• Kuphunzitsa maluso
• Mankhwala othandizira kuphatikiza
• Thandizo lantchito
• Mankhwala othandizira
• Mankhwala
• Nanga bwanji za njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse?
• Mfundo yofunika

Kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Matenda achilengulengu ndimkhalidwe womwe umakhudza momwe munthu amakhalira, kucheza, kapena kucheza ndi ena. Ankasweka m'matenda osiyanasiyana monga Asperger's syndrome. Tsopano akuchitidwa ngati vuto lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikuwuma kwake.

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano amatchedwa chisokonezo cha autism, anthu ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito mawu oti "autism."

Palibe mankhwala a autism, koma njira zingapo zitha kuthandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kuphunzira, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi autism. Kumbukirani kuti autism ndizoyambira. Anthu ena angafunike chithandizo chochepa, pomwe ena angafunike chithandizo chokwanira.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza chithandizo cha autism amayang'ana kwambiri ana. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti zomwe zilipo zikusonyeza kuti chithandizo chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri mukamayamba msanafike zaka 3. Komabe, mankhwala ambiri opangira ana atha kuthandizanso achikulire.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira autism.

Kusanthula kwamachitidwe

Kusanthula kwamachitidwe (ABA) ndi imodzi mwamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa akulu ndi ana. Limatanthauza njira zingapo zopangidwira kulimbikitsa machitidwe abwino pogwiritsa ntchito mphotho.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ABA, kuphatikiza:

• Maphunziro oyeserera oyeserera. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mayeso angapo kuti alimbikitse kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono. Makhalidwe olondola ndi mayankho amapindulitsidwa, ndipo zolakwa sizinyalanyazidwa.
• Kulowerera mwamakhalidwe koyambirira. Ana, omwe amakhala osakwana zaka zisanu, amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi othandizira kapena pagulu laling'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakapita zaka zingapo kuthandiza mwana kukulitsa maluso olumikizirana ndikuchepetsa machitidwe ovuta, kuphatikiza kukwiya kapena kudzivulaza.
• Maphunziro ofunikira kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mdera la tsiku ndi tsiku la munthu yomwe imaphunzitsa maluso ofunikira, monga chilimbikitso chophunzirira kapena kuyambitsa kulumikizana.
• Kulowerera kwamachitidwe. Wothandizira amagwira ntchito ndi wina kuti awathandize kumvetsetsa chifukwa komanso momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito chilankhulo polumikizana ndikupeza zomwe akufuna.
• Makhalidwe abwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga kusintha kwachilengedwe kunyumba kapena mkalasi kuti machitidwe abwino azikhala opindulitsa.

Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe

Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe (CBT) ndi mtundu wamankhwala olankhula omwe atha kukhala othandizira kwa ana ndi akulu. Pakati pa magawo a CBT, anthu amaphunzira za kulumikizana pakati pamalingaliro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuzindikira malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amayambitsa zoyipa.

A akuwonetsa kuti CBT ndiyothandiza makamaka pothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi autism kuthana ndi nkhawa. Zitha kuwathandizanso kuzindikira momwe ena akumvera komanso kuthana nawo bwino pagulu.

Kuphunzitsa maluso

Maphunziro aukadaulo (SST) ndi njira yothandizira anthu, makamaka ana, kukulitsa maluso ochezera. Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism, kuyanjana ndi ena ndizovuta kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri pakapita nthawi.

Wina yemwe akuchita SST amaphunzira maluso ochezera, kuphatikiza momwe mungachezere, kumvetsetsa nthabwala, ndikuwerenga momwe akumvera. Ngakhale imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana, SST itha kukhala yothandiza kwa achinyamata komanso achinyamata azaka zoyambirira za 20.

Mankhwala othandizira kuphatikiza

Anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zina amakhudzidwa modabwitsa ndi chidwi, monga kuwona, kumveka, kapena kununkhiza. Thandizo lothandizana ndi anthu limakhazikika pamalingaliro akuti kukhala ndi zina mwazomwe mungakwanitse kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuphunzira ndikuwonetsa machitidwe abwino.

SIT imayesa ngakhale kuyankha kwamunthu pakukondoweza. Nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa ndi wogwira ntchito ndipo amadalira kusewera, monga kujambula mumchenga kapena kulumpha chingwe.

Thandizo lantchito

Therapy pantchito (OT) ndi gawo lazachipatala lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri kuphunzitsa ana ndi akulu maluso ofunikira omwe amafunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa ana, izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa luso lagalimoto, luso lolemba pamanja, komanso luso lodzisamalira.

Kwa achikulire, OT imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga maluso odziyimira pawokha, monga kuphika, kuyeretsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chithandizo chamalankhulidwe chimaphunzitsa maluso amawu omwe angathandize anthu omwe ali ndi autism kuti azitha kulankhulana bwino. Nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa ndi wodwala olankhula chilankhulo kapena wothandizira pantchito.

Itha kuthandiza ana kuwongolera momwe mawu awo alankhulira, komanso kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu molondola. Zitha kuthandizanso achikulire kukonza momwe amalankhulirana pamalingaliro ndi momwe akumvera.

Mankhwala

Palibe mankhwala aliwonse omwe adapangidwa kuti azitha kuchiritsa. Komabe, mankhwala angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zomwe zitha kuchitika ndi autism atha kuthandiza ndi zizindikilo zina.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuyendetsa autism amagwera m'magulu angapo akulu:

• Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic. Mankhwala atsopano opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma antipsychotic atha kuthandizira nkhanza, kudzivulaza, komanso mavuto amachitidwe mwa ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi autism. A FDA adavomereza posachedwa kugwiritsa ntchito risperidone (Risperdal) ndi apripiprazole (Abilify) kuchiza zizindikiro za autism.
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la autism amatenga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, ofufuza sakudziwabe ngati angathandizedi ndi zizindikilo za autism. Komabe, atha kukhala othandiza pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, kukhumudwa, komanso nkhawa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism.
• Zolimbikitsa. Zolimbikitsa, monga methylphenidate (Ritalin), amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ADHD, koma amathanso kuthandizira pakumana ndi zizindikilo za autism, kuphatikiza kusazindikira komanso kusachita chidwi. Kuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a autism kumapereka lingaliro kuti pafupifupi theka la ana omwe ali ndi autism amapindula ndi zolimbikitsa, ngakhale ena amakhala ndi zovuta zina.
• Ma anticonvulsants. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi autism amakhalanso ndi khunyu, motero mankhwala opatsirana nthawi zina amaperekedwa.

Nanga bwanji za njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse?

Pali njira zambiri zochiritsira autism zomwe anthu amayesa. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku wosatsimikizika wambiri amene amathandizira njirazi, ndipo sizikudziwika ngati zili zothandiza. Ena mwa iwo, monga chithandizo cha chelation, amathanso kuvulaza koposa zabwino.

Komabe, autism ndimikhalidwe yayikulu yomwe imayambitsa zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana. Kungoti china chake sichigwira ntchito kwa wina sichitanthauza kuti sichingathandize wina. Gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala mukamafufuza njira zina zochiritsira. Dokotala wabwino akhoza kukuthandizani kuti mufufuze kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa ndikupewa njira zowopsa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi sayansi.

Njira zochiritsira zina zomwe zingafunike kafukufuku wowonjezera ndi izi:

• wopanda gluteni, zakudya zopanda ma casein
• zofunda zolemera
• melatonin
• vitamini C
• omega-3 mafuta acids
• alireza
• vitamini B-6 ndi magnesium pamodzi
• oxytocin
• Mafuta a CBD

Ngati simumva bwino kulankhula za njira zina ndi dokotala wanu, lingalirani kufunafuna dokotala wina kuti akuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo choyenera. Bungwe lopanda phindu Autism Speaks limakupatsani mwayi wofufuza zida zosiyanasiyana za autism ndi boma.

Mfundo yofunika

Autism ndimavuto opanda mankhwala. Komabe, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira komanso mankhwala omwe angathandize kuthana ndi zizindikilo zake. Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala kuti mupeze njira yothandiza kwambiri yothandizira inu kapena mwana wanu.