Zomwe Zosakaniza Zowotchera Kutentha Kuti Muzisaka - Ndi Zomwe Zikuletsedwa

Zamkati

• Kuyang'ana mozama, padziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zoletsa UV
• 1. Tinosorb S ndi M
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 2. Mexoryl SX
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 3. Oxybenzone
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 4. Octinoxate
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 5. Avobenzone
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 6. Titaniyamu woipa
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 7. Zinc oxide
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• 8 ndi 9. PABA ndi trolamine salicylate PABA
• Mfundo zachangu
  
• Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kuvomerezedwa ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa ndizovuta kwambiri ku US?
• Pakadali pano, ogwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa ngati ife timayenera kudziphunzitsa tokha pazogwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi njira zodzitetezera

Kuyang'ana mozama, padziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zoletsa UV

Mutha kudziwa kale zoyambira: Choteteza padzuwa ndi njira yodzitetezera pakhungu kuchokera ku radiation ya dzuwa (UV).

Mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri ya ma radiation, UVA ndi UVB, imawononga khungu, imakalamba msanga, ndipo imawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu. Ndipo kunyezimira uku kumakhudzana ndi khungu lanu chaka chonse, ngakhale kukhale mitambo kapena muli m'nyumba (cheza china cha UV chimatha kudutsa pagalasi).

Koma kusankha zotchingira dzuwa sikophweka ngati kutenga botolo lililonse pashelefu. Sizinthu zonse zoteteza dzuwa zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu, zoopsa, kapena malangizo ofanana.

M'malo mwake, zosakaniza zina zitha kuthandiza kupewa kutentha koma osakalamba, pomwe zina zimawonedwa ngati zotetezeka kwa anthu, koma osati chilengedwe.

Ndiye khungu lako limadziwa bwanji zomwe zimagwira ntchito? Tili ndi msana wanu pazovomerezeka zonse, zoletsedwa, komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera padziko lonse lapansi. FYI: Zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zosakaniza ziwiri za UV.

1. Tinosorb S ndi M

Amapezeka m'mankhwala oteteza ku dzuwa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ku Europe, Tinosorb S ikhoza kuteteza ku cheza cha UVB ndi UVA, chachitali komanso chachifupi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri popewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa. Tinosorb imathandiziranso kukhazikika kwa zosefera zina zoteteza ku dzuwa ndipo imaloledwa kukhala mpaka 10%.

Komabe, a FDA sanavomereze izi popangira zifukwa zingapo, akunena, malinga ndi Newsweek, "kusowa chidziwitso" ndikungofunsidwa "chisankho, osati kuvomerezedwa."

Zosakaniza nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ndi zotchingira dzuwa kuti zizigwira bwino ntchito ndipo siziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zinthu zilizonse zowopsa.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: Australia, Japan, Europe
• Oletsedwa mu: United States
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Antioxidant phindu ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Zosadziwika

2. Mexoryl SX

Amapezeka m'mankhwala oteteza ku dzuwa

Mexoryl SX ndi fyuluta ya UV yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masiku oteteza dzuwa ndi ma lotions padziko lonse lapansi. Ili ndi kuthekera kounikira cheza cha UVA1, yomwe ndi cheza chautali chomwe chimapangitsa kukalamba pakhungu.

A adawonetsa kuti ndi chotengera cha UV choyenera komanso choyenera kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa.

Ngakhale chophatikizachi chakhala chikupezeka mu Europe kuyambira 1993, a FDA sanavomereze chopangira ichi cha L'Oréal mpaka 2006. Mwa zamankhwala, ndivomerezedwa kwa akulu ndi ana opitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Yang'anani ndi: Avobenzone. Pamodzi ndi avobenzone, chitetezo cha UVA pazinthu zonse ziwiri ndi.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States, Australia, Europe, Japan
• Oletsedwa mu: Palibe
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Inde

3. Oxybenzone

Amapezeka m'masiku oteteza dzuwa

Oxybenzone, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'masamba oteteza dzuwa, imathandizira kusefa ma radiation a UVB ndi UVA (makamaka UVA wamfupi). Ndichimodzi mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka muzoteteza dzuwa kwambiri mumsika waku US ndipo zimatha kupanga 6 peresenti ya botolo.

Komabe, Hawaii yaletsa izi pophunzira, yopangidwa ndi labu ya Haereticus Environmental, yapeza kuti chomwacho chathandizira kupukutira magazi ndikupha miyala yamiyala yamiyala. Pazifukwa zachilengedwe, muyenera kupewa izi ndikupeza zowotcha "zobiriwira".

Posachedwapa, tapeza kuti khungu lathu limatenga zinthu zoteteza ku dzuwa monga oxybenzone. Izi zidadzetsa chidwi chocheperako ndi zotchingira dzuwa "zotetezeka", ngakhale kafukufukuyu sananene kuti palibe vuto lomwe lapezeka ndikuti "zotsatirazi sizikuwonetsa kuti anthu ayenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa."

onetsetsani kuti oxybenzone sikuwonetsa kwambiri kusokonezeka kwa endocrine.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States (kupatula Hawaii), Australia, Europe
• Oletsedwa mu: Japan
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa ndikuletsa kupewa
• Matanthwe abwino? Ayi, itha kukhudzanso nsomba
• Chenjezo: Mitundu yakhungu yosavuta idzafuna kudumpha mafomula ndi izi

4. Octinoxate

Amapezeka m'mankhwala oteteza ku dzuwa

Octinoxate ndiwowonjezera wamba komanso wamphamvu wa UVB, kutanthauza kuti ndiyothandiza popewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa. Kuphatikiza ndi avobenzone, onse amatha kupereka chitetezo chachikulu pamankhwala oyaka ndi ukalamba.

Izi zimaloledwa pamapangidwe (mpaka 7.5%), koma ndizoletsedwa ku Hawaii chifukwa chowopsa pazachilengedwe.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: Maiko ena aku U.S., Europe, Japan, Australia
• Oletsedwa mu: Hawaii, Kumadzulo Kwakukulu (Florida), Palau
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Ayi, itha kukhudzanso nsomba

5. Avobenzone

Amapezeka m'mankhwala oteteza ku dzuwa

Avobenzone amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza kuwala konse kwa UVA ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi 'wosakhazikika' m'masiku oteteza dzuwa.

Payekha, chophimbacho chimasokonekera poyera. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina (monga mexoryl) kuti zikhazikitse avobenzone.

M'mayiko ambiri, avobenzone imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinc oxide ndi titaniyamu dioxide makamaka, koma ku United States, kuphatikiza sikuloledwa.

Ngakhale imapezeka m'matumba oteteza khungu ku dzuwa, nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena chifukwa avobenzone yokha itha kutaya zosefera mkati mwa ola limodzi lowunikira.

Ku US, a FDA amawona izi kuti ndizotetezedwa koma zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwake mpaka 3% m'makina owotchera dzuwa.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States, Australia, Europe
• Oletsedwa mu: Palibe; ntchito zoletsedwa ku Japan
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Magulu owoneka koma palibe vuto lomwe lapezeka

6. Titaniyamu woipa

Amapezeka m'masiku oteteza dzuwa

Pali zowonjezera ziwiri zotchingira dzuwa zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zotetezeka komanso zothandiza, kapena GRASE, ndi FDA, ndipo zonse ndizopangira zoteteza ku dzuwa. (Chidziwitso: chizindikiro cha GRASE chimatanthauzanso kuti zinthu za FDA ndi izi.)

Yoyamba, titaniyamu dioxide, imagwira ntchito ngati fyuluta yotakata kwambiri ya UV (ngakhale siyimitsa kunyezimira kwakutali kwa UVA1).

A FDA amavomereza titaniyamu ya dioxide, ndipo kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka kuposa zoteteza ku dzuwa zina kudzera pakhungu.

Komabe, ofufuza alembanso kuti mphamvu ndi mitundu ya utsi ziyenera kupewedwa chifukwa zitha kukhala zowopsa. Cholemba chakuti titaniyamu ya oxide nanoparticles kudzera pakamwa pamlomo amadziwika kuti ndi "mwina khansa kwa anthu," kutanthauza kuti maphunziro a nyama okha ndi omwe adachitika.

Kumbukirani izi zosakaniza sizongowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa. Itha kupezekanso mumapangidwe a SPF, ufa wopanikizika, mafuta odzola, ndi zinthu zoyera.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States, Australia, Europe, Japan
• Oletsedwa mu: Palibe
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Magulu owoneka koma palibe vuto lomwe lapezeka
• Chenjezo: Mitundu imatha kusiya zoyera pakhungu lakuda, ndipo zosakaniza zitha kukhala zowopsa ngati ufa

7. Zinc oxide

Amapezeka m'masiku oteteza dzuwa

Zinc oxide ndi gawo lachiwiri la GRASE loteteza khungu, lomwe limaloledwa kufikira 25%.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ndiwotetezeka, ndikulowa pakhungu, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ku Europe, chophatikizacho chidalembedwa ndi chenjezo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ka zamoyo zam'madzi. Zosakaniza sizimapweteka pokhapokha zitamezedwa kapena kupuma.

Poyerekeza ndi avobenzone ndi titaniyamu oxide, amatchulidwa kuti ndiwotheka, wogwira ntchito, komanso wotetezeka pakhungu losazindikira. Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku amanenanso kuti siwothandiza ngati zowotcha dzuwa, ndipo sizothandiza kuteteza kutentha kwa dzuwa monga kuwononga dzuwa.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States, Australia, Europe, Japan
• Oletsedwa mu: Palibe
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Ayi
• Chenjezo: Mitundu ina imatha kusiya zoyera za maolivi ndi khungu lakuda

8 ndi 9. PABA ndi trolamine salicylate PABA

Amapezeka m'matenda onse (PABA) komanso thupi (trolamine) zotchinga dzuwa

Amadziwikanso kuti para-aminobenzoic acid, ichi ndi cholumikizira champhamvu cha UVB. Kutchuka kwa mankhwalawa kwachepa chifukwa chakuti kumawonjezera matupi awo sagwirizana komanso kumawonjezera kuwala.

Kafukufuku wazinyama awonetsanso kuchuluka kwa poyizoni, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti European Commission ndi FDA zilepheretse kuchuluka kwa mkaka ku 5%. Komabe, Canada yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito PABA zodzoladzola kwathunthu.

Trolamine salicylate, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Tea-Salicylate, imadziwika kuti GRASE mu 2019, koma ndiyopopera UV yofooka. Chifukwa cha ichi, chophatikizacho sichikhala ndi magawo ake limodzi ndi zosakaniza zina za GRASE.

Mfundo zachangu

• Ovomerezeka mu: United States (mpaka 12-15%), Australia (trolamine salicylate kokha), Europe (PABA mpaka 5%), Japan
• Oletsedwa mu: Australia (PABA), Canada (onse)
• Zabwino kwambiri pa: Kutetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa
• Matanthwe abwino? Zosadziwika

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kuvomerezedwa ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa ndizovuta kwambiri ku US?

Gulu la United States lodzitetezera ku dzuwa ngati mankhwala ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepera kwake kuvomerezeka. Gulu la mankhwalawa limadza chifukwa chogulitsachi chimagulitsidwa ngati njira yodzitetezera kutentha kwa dzuwa komanso khansa yapakhungu.

Ku Australia, zoteteza ku dzuwa zimawerengedwa ngati zochiritsira kapena zodzikongoletsera. Othandizira amatanthauza zowotcha dzuwa pomwe ntchito yayikulu ndikuteteza dzuwa ndipo ali ndi SPF ya 4 kapena kupitilira apo. Zodzikongoletsera zimatanthawuza chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimaphatikizapo SPF koma sichiyenera kukhala chitetezo chanu chokha. Europe ndi Japan amaganiza kuti zotchingira dzuwa ndizodzikongoletsa.

Koma popeza a FDA adatenga nthawi yayitali kuvomereza zosakaniza zatsopano (palibe zomwe zidadutsa kuyambira 1999), Congress idakhazikitsa Sunscreen Innovation Act mu 2014. Cholinga ndikupangitsa kuti a FDA awunikenso kuvomereza kwawo kumbuyo kwa zosakaniza za sunscreen, kuphatikiza zatsopano zomwe zimaperekedwa pambuyo poti lamuloli lasainidwa, Novembala 2019.

Pazosankha zoteteza ku dzuwa, ogula ambiri asintha kugula zoteteza ku dzuwa pa intaneti kuchokera kumayiko ena. Izi sizingakhale chifukwa cha zosakaniza zokha. Monga tanenera kale, zotchingira dzuwa zakunja zimapangidwa ngati zodzoladzola, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kugwiritsa ntchito, osasiya zoyera, komanso zonenepa.

Ndipo ngakhale kuti sikuli koletsedwa kugula zotchinga kunja, kuzigula kudzera mwa ogulitsa osadziwika ku Amazon ndizovuta. Zogulitsazo zitha kutha kapena zabodza.

Pamwamba pa izi, malonda akunjawa atha kukhala ovuta kuwapeza pempho likayamba.

Pakadali pano, ogwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa ngati ife timayenera kudziphunzitsa tokha pazogwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi njira zodzitetezera

Palinso malamulo agolide ogwiritsira ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa. Kugwiritsanso ntchito maola awiri aliwonse ndikofunikira - makamaka ngati muli panja popeza manambala a SPF sindiwo utali womwe muyenera kukhala padzuwa.

Zowotcha dzuwa zimagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo pambuyo poti mugwiritse ntchito pomwe mankhwala oteteza ku dzuwa amatenga mphindi 15 mpaka 20 kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito.

Pewani zambiri zabodza, inunso. Malipoti ndi kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zowotcha dzuwa pa Pinterest ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zowotchera dzuwa sizigwira ntchito ndipo zitha kuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa khungu.

Kupatula apo, ngakhale zowotcha dzuwa zochokera kumayiko ena zitha kukhala zokongola kwambiri, si chifukwa chosiya "njira yabwino" mpaka FDA ivomereze. Choteteza ku dzuwa chabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito kale.

Taylor Ramble ndi wokonda khungu, wolemba payekha, komanso wophunzira mafilimu. Kwa zaka zisanu zapitazi wagwira ntchito yolemba payekha komanso wolemba mabulogu akuyang'ana mitu kuchokera paubwino mpaka pachikhalidwe cha pop. Amakonda kuvina, kuphunzira za chakudya ndi chikhalidwe, komanso kupatsidwa mphamvu. Pakadali pano amagwira ntchito ku The University of Georgia's Virtual Reality Lab yoyang'ana kwambiri pazomwe zimachitika pakukweza ukadaulo pamakhalidwe ndi thanzi.