Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar): ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira
• Kuzindikira kwa Calazar
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kala azar, wotchedwanso visceral leishmaniasis kapena tropical splenomegaly, ndi matenda omwe amayamba makamaka ndi protozoa Leishmania chagasi ndipo Leishmania donovani, ndipo amapezeka pamene kachilombo kakang'ono ka mtunduwo Lutzomyia longipalpis, wodziwika kuti udzudzu wa udzu kapena birigui, womwe umadwala ndi protozoa imodzi, umaluma munthuyo ndikutulutsa tiziromboti m'magazi a munthuyo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Mtundu wa leishmaniasis umakhudza kwambiri ana omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 10 komanso achikulire omwe alibe zakudya zina, monga kusowa kwa ayironi, mavitamini ndi mapuloteni, ndipo amakhala m'malo opanda ukhondo komanso ukhondo. Dera lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri ku Brazil ndi Kumpoto chakum'mawa ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ana ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya, chitetezo cha mthupi sichinakhazikike bwino ndipo amakumana ndi nyama.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Pambuyo pa kuluma komwe kumafalitsa matendawa, protozoa imafalikira kudzera m'magazi komanso kudzera m'ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa kupangika kwa magazi ndi chitetezo chamthupi, monga ndulu, chiwindi, ma lymph node ndi mafupa, zomwe zimayambitsa izi:

• Kuzizira ndi kutentha thupi, komwe kumabwera ndikupita, kwanthawi yayitali;
• Kuwonjezeka pamimba, chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwa ndulu ndi chiwindi;
• Kufooka ndi kutopa kwambiri;
• Kuwonda;
• Khungu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumayambitsa matendawa;
• Kutuluka magazi mosavuta, kwa chingamu, mphuno kapena ndowe, mwachitsanzo;
• Matenda pafupipafupi, ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya, chifukwa chotsika chitetezo;
• Kutsekula m'mimba.

Visceral leishmaniasis imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira masiku 10 mpaka zaka ziwiri, ndipo popeza si matenda wamba ndipo zizindikilo zake zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, amatha kusokonezeka ndi matenda ena monga malungo, typhoid, dengue kapena Zika, mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, pamaso pazizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kuti matendawa athe kupangidwa ndikuyenera kulandira chithandizo choyenera.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zotupa pakhungu ndi zilonda zimayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa leishmaniasis, wotchedwa cutaneous kapena cutaneous. Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa ndi momwe mungazindikire cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira

Gombe lalikulu la protozoa lomwe limayang'anira kala azar ndi agalu, chifukwa chake, amawerengedwanso kuti ndiye gwero lalikulu la kachilomboka. Ndiye kuti, tizilombo tikaluma galu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, timapeza protozoan, yomwe imayamba m'thupi mwake ndipo imatha kupatsira munthuyo kudzera mwa kulumako. Si agalu onse omwe amanyamula Leishmania chagasi kapena Leishmania donovani, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri agalu omwe samatsitsimutsidwa pafupipafupi kapena samalandira chisamaliro chokwanira.

Tiziromboti tikakhala m'thupi la tizilombo timatha kukula ndipo kenako timapita kumatenda amate. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikamaluma munthuyo, amapatsira tiziromboti tomwe timapezeka m'matope ake m'magazi a munthuyo, kufalikira mosavuta ndi ziwalozo.

Kuzindikira kwa Calazar

Kuzindikira kwa visceral leishmaniasis kumapangidwa ndi kuwunika kwa parasitological, komwe chikhalidwe cha mafupa, ndulu kapena chiwindi chimapangidwa kuti muwone imodzi mwanjira zosinthika za protozoan. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amatha kupangidwa kudzera m'mayeso amthupi, monga ELISA, kapena immunochromatographs, omwe amadziwika kuti kuyesa mwachangu.

Kuipa kwa mayeso a chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuti ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, ndizotheka kuti pakadalibe ma antibodies okwanira, omwe akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi matenda. Komabe, pazochitikazi, ndikofunikira kuti adotolo awunike kupezeka kwa zizindikilo, chifukwa ngati palibe zizindikilo, chithandizo sichimasonyezedwa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha kala azar chiyenera kuyamba mwachangu ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala, monga Pentavalent Antimonial Compound, Amphotericin B ndi Pentamidine, zomwe ziyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi adotolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo ake.

Poyamba mankhwala ndikofunikanso kusamala, monga kuwunika ndi kukhazikika kwa matenda, monga kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kutuluka magazi, kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha matenda ena omwe amabwera nawo. Kungakhale kofunikira kukhalabe m'chipatala kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala mumtsempha, koma, ngati matenda ali olimba komanso osavuta kuchipatala, adotolo amalimbikitsa chithandizo kunyumba ndikupita kuchipatala kukatsatira .

Matendawa amayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu, chifukwa amangokulirakulira m'masiku ochepa chifukwa chake munthu wokhudzidwayo atha kudwala matenda owopsa monga matenda am'mapapo, kupuma, kupukusa m'mimba, kulephera kuzungulira kwa magazi kapena chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya. Pezani zambiri za chithandizo cha visceral leishmaniasis.