Kodi Akazi Amatha Kukhala Akhungu?

Zamkati

• Kodi kugonana kwanu kuli ndi vuto?
• Momwe ma genetiki amagwirira ntchito
• Chibadwa chinafotokoza
• Chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika?
• Momwe mungasinthire
• Sankhani kuyatsa bwino
• Lembani zovala zanu
• Kuphika ndi njira zina
• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zopezera
• Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu
• Mfundo zina
• Mfundo yofunika

Khungu lakhungu, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti kusowa kwa utoto wamtundu, limadziwika ndikulephera kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga ofiira, obiriwira, kapena amtambo.

Choyambitsa khungu kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa mitundu yowonekera munthawi ya diso. Mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo umakhudza makamaka amuna, koma akazi amathanso kukhala achikongoletsedwe.

Munkhaniyi, tiwona momwe ma genetiki amakhudzira khungu khungu, momwe mungasinthire mukamachita khungu, ndi zina zofunika pakhungu lakhungu.

Kodi kugonana kwanu kuli ndi vuto?

Khungu khungu chifukwa cha chibadwa, kutanthauza kuti chimachitika chifukwa cha majini. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe sizimayambitsa matenda akhungu, monga:

• matenda ashuga
• zinthu zina zamaso
• minyewa
• mitundu ina ya khansa

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wakhungu lakhungu ndi khungu lakuda lobiriwira. Ndi vutoli, jini limadutsa kuchokera kwa kholo kupita kwa mwana pa X chromosome.

Padziko lonse lapansi, wamwamuna m'modzi mwa amuna khumi ndi awiri (12) ndipo wamkazi m'modzi mwa akazi 200 ndiwokongola.

Pakadali pano khungu lakhungu limakhudza pafupifupi 8% ya amuna aku Caucasus. Malinga ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri kuyambira 2014, khungu lakhungu limakhudzanso:

• 1.4% ya amuna aku Africa aku America
• 2.6 peresenti ya amuna aku Spain
• 3.1% ya amuna aku Asia
• 0-0.5% ya akazi onse

Kuti timvetse chifukwa chake nkhani zakugonana komanso chifukwa chake amuna amakhala otakasuka, tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za momwe ma genetiki amagwirira ntchito.

Momwe ma genetiki amagwirira ntchito

Akazi achilengedwe ali ndi ma X chromosomes awiri. Amuna achilengedwe ali ndi ma chromosomes a XY.

Mtundu wakhungu lobiriwira wobiriwira ndimtundu wa X wolumikizana kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya X yomwe imalumikizidwa imafotokozedwa ngati ilipo pa ma chromosomes onse a X azimayi, komanso pa X chromosome imodzi mwa amuna.

Chibadwa chinafotokoza

• mwana wobadwa wamkazi ayenera kulandira cholowa ma chromosomes awiri a X ndi chonyamulira jini kuti abadwe colorblind
• mwana wobadwa wamwamuna amangofunika kulandira cholowa X imodzi ya chromosome ndi chonyamulira jini kuti abadwe colorblind

Khungu lakhungu silofala pakati pa akazi chifukwa pali kuthekera kochepa kuti mkazi adzalandira majini onse ofunikira. Komabe, popeza kuti ndi jini imodzi yokha yomwe imafunika pakhungu lobiriwira lofiira mwa amuna, ndizofala kwambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika?

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wabwinobwino, pali ma photoreceptor m'maso, otchedwa ma cones, omwe ali ndi mitundu yamagalasi yomwe imathandizira kuzindikira mawonekedwe amitundumitundu ya kuwala. Mitunduyi yowunikira kuwala imathandiza maso kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakhungu, kusowa kwa mitundu ina ya khungu kumatanthauza kuti maso sangathe kusiyanitsa mitundu yamitundu.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamaso akhungu, ndipo mtundu uliwonse umasiyanitsidwa ndi ma cones omwe amakhudzidwa. Nthawi zina, khungu losawoneka bwino limayamba chifukwa chakusintha kwa ma cones. Nthawi zina, imodzi yama cones imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, imangotsala ma cones awiri okha. Nthawi zambiri, ma cones onse atatu amasowa chidwi chawo, zomwe zimapangitsa masomphenya opanda mtundu.

Popeza izi ndizosiyanitsa khungu khungu, mitundu yayikulu yakhungu yakuthupi ndi iyi:

• Khungu lofiira. Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri, omwe amachititsa mavuto kusiyanitsa ofiira ndi obiriwira.
  • Protanomaly ndi pamene ofiira amawoneka ngati obiriwira.
  • Deuteranomaly ndipamene zobiriwira zimawoneka ngati zofiira.
  • Protanopia ndipo magwire ndi pamene simungathe kusiyanitsa zofiira ndi zobiriwira.
• Khungu khungu lachikasu. Iyi ndi njira yosazolowereka kwambiri, yoyambitsa vuto kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza buluu, wobiriwira, wachikaso, ndi wofiira.
  • Zamgululi ndipamene buluu ndi zobiriwira zimawoneka mofanana, ndipo chikaso ndi chofiira zimawoneka chimodzimodzi.
  • Tritanopia ndipamene zimakuvutani kusiyanitsa mitundu ingapo yanjanji yabuluu ndi yachikaso (yobiriwira, yofiirira, yofiira, pinki, ndi zina zambiri).

Mtundu wachitatu wakhungu wakhungu uliponso, wotchedwa khungu lathunthu, kapena achromatopsia. Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amachititsa masomphenya a monochromatic, kapena masomphenya opanda mtundu. Fomuyi ndiyosowa kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri kusintha.

Momwe mungasinthire

Ngati muli ndi khungu losawoneka bwino, mungafunikire kusintha zina ndi zina pamoyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku kuti muzolowere momwe mulili.

Sankhani kuyatsa bwino

Ma cones omwe ali m'maso amangogwira ntchito masana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamene kuyatsa kumakhala kovuta kuwona utoto. Ngati muli ndi khungu losawoneka bwino, kuyatsa koyipa kumatha kukupangitsani kukhala kovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa mitundu. Ndikofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti kwanu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito akuwala mokwanira.

Lembani zovala zanu

Ntchito zosavuta, monga kusankha zovala zoti muzivala, zitha kukhala zovuta ngati ndinu wakhungu. Ngati mukugula zovala zatsopano, kugula ndi mnzanu yemwe amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ndikothandiza mukamapanga zovala. Kulembera mitundu ndi zolemba kapena zigawo kungathandizenso kusiyanitsa pakati pa zovala zomwe muli nazo kale.

Kuphika ndi njira zina

Ndi kangati mwamvapo, "kuphika nkhuku mpaka pano sinakhale pinki" kapena "kuphika ma muffin mpaka akhale abulauni"? Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khungu lakhungu, ndizovuta (kapena zosatheka) kutsatira malingaliro owoneka ngati awa.

Ngati ndinu colorblind, kudalira kutentha, kugwira, komanso ngakhale phokoso mukamaphika kungakuthandizeni m'malo omwe masomphenya sangathe.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zopezera

Zambiri zamagetsi zamakono, monga mafoni, ma laputopu, ndi ma TV, zimapereka mwayi wosankha kwa anthu olumala.

Ngati muli ndi khungu losawoneka bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana pazida izi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyenda popanda kuwona mitundu yoyambirira.

Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu

Pali mapulogalamu ena omwe angakupatseni magwiridwe antchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, Colour Blind Pal ndi pulogalamu ya iPhone yomwe imathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito colorblind kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazithunzi.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kuti muthandizidwe ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimafuna kusiyanitsa mitundu, monga kusankha zovala zoti muvale kapena kusankha zipatso zatsopano.

Mfundo zina

Kukhala ndi khungu lakhungu kumathanso kukhudza moyo wanu waluso. Njira zina zantchito zomwe zimadalira kukongola kwa utoto, monga kukhala wometa tsitsi kapena wopanga zamkati, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu akhungu kuti azitsatira.

Komabe, pali ntchito zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kuchita bwino ngakhale musanakhale ndi utoto wowonera.

Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala akhungu, pakhoza kukhala mayankho omwe angathandize kukonza malingaliro a anthu ena amitundu. Njira imodzi yomwe ingathandize pakhungu lakhungu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowoneka ngati magalasi ndi magalasi olumikizirana.

Ngakhale magalasi apadera sangathe "kupanga" mitundu yomwe munthu wakhungu wosawona samawona, imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yowoneka.

Mfundo yofunika

Khungu khungu ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo. Amagawidwa mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wamwamuna, koma ndizotheka kuti akazi nawonso akhale achikuda.

Pali mitundu yambiri yakhungu yakhungu yomwe imatha kuchitika kutengera mtundu uti wamaso womwe wakhudzidwa.Ngakhale pakadali pano palibe chithandizo chothanirana khungu, kusintha kwa moyo ndi njira zamankhwala zitha kuthandizira kupezeka tsiku ndi tsiku kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.