Kodi Khansa ya Pakhosi ndi Momwe Mungadziwire

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Magawo a khansa ya mmero
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yapakhosi

Khansara ya mmero imatanthawuza mtundu uliwonse wa chotupa chomwe chimayamba m'kholingo, pharynx, tonsils kapena gawo lina lililonse la mmero. Ngakhale ndizosowa, uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imatha kukula msinkhu uliwonse, makamaka mwa anthu opitilira 50, amuna, anthu omwe amasuta kapena kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa yapakhosi:

• Khansa ya kholingo: imakhudza kholingo, ndipomwe pamapezeka zingwe zamawu. Dziwani zambiri za khansa yamtunduwu;
• Khansa ya kholingo: umawonekera mumphako, womwe ndi chubu chomwe mpweya umadutsa kuchokera kumphuno kupita m'mapapu.

Mtundu uliwonse wa khansa yapakhosi imatha kuyamba mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake mukamamva kapena kuzindikira zosintha zachilendo, monga zilonda zapakhosi zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali, kusintha mwadzidzidzi m'mawu anu kapena kumva mpira pakamero panu, muyenera funsani otolaryngologist, kuti mudziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zomwe zitha kuwonetsa khansa yapakhosi ndi monga:

• Pakhosi kapena khutu lomwe silichoka;
• Pafupipafupi chifuwa, amene akhoza limodzi ndi magazi;
• Zovuta kumeza kapena kupuma;
• Kusintha kwa mawu, popanda chifukwa chomveka;
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa;
• Kutupa kapena kuwonekera kwa zotupa m'khosi;
• Phokoso popuma;
• Nthawi zina.

Zizindikirozi zimasiyana malinga ndi tsamba lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi chotupacho. Chifukwa chake, ngati khansara ikukula m'mphako, ndizotheka kuti mawu asintha, popeza ngati kungopuma kovuta, ndiye kuti ndi khansa ya kholingo.

Komabe, njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa ndi kufunsa otorhinolaryngologist kuti apange mayeso azachipatala ndikuyamba chithandizo.

Mtundu wina wa khansa womwe ungayambitse zofananira ndi khansa yapakhosi ndi khansa ya chithokomiro. Onani zizindikiro zazikulu 7 za khansa ya chithokomiro.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa khansa yapakhosi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi otorhinolaryngologist, yemwe kuphatikiza pakuwunika zizindikilo komanso mbiri yazachipatala ya munthu aliyense, amathanso kuyesa mayeso monga laryngoscopy, kuti awone ngati pali kusintha kwa ziwalo zapakhosi.

Ngati zosintha zadziwika, adotolo amathanso kutenga zitsanzo za minofu ndikuzitumiza ku labotale kukatsimikizira kupezeka kwa maselo a khansa. Mayeso ena omwe amathanso kuchitidwa ndi MRI, CT scan kapena X-ray, mwachitsanzo.

Magawo a khansa ya mmero

Atazindikira kuti ali ndi khansa yapakhosi, adokotala amatha kuwagawa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kutengera kukula kwake, momwe magawo oyamba (1 ndi 2) chotupacho chimakhala chaching'ono, chimafikira m'maselo apamwamba kwambiri ndipo chimangokhala mmero ndipo amatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ndikuchotsedwa ndi opareshoni, kuwonjezera pakudziwitsidwa bwino. Pamagawo 3 ndi 4, chotupacho chimakhala chokulirapo ndipo sichingokhala pammero, ndipo mfundo za metastasis zimatha kuwonedwa mosavuta. Gawo 4 ndilolimba kwambiri, popeza kumwazika zingapo zomwe zimawonedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azivuta kwambiri ndipo kufalikira kwake kumakhala koipa.

Pakapita patsogolo kwambiri khansa, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, pangafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho, pomwe ali patsogolo kwambiri, pangafunike kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya chithandizo monga chemo kapena radiation radiation.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha khansa yapakhosi chimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa matendawa, komabe, nthawi zambiri amayamba ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse maselo ambiri a khansa momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa matendawa ndizotheka kuti amatha kuchiza khansa yonse ndi opaleshoni, popeza chotupacho chimakhala chaching'ono.

Kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho, adotolo amatha kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka chiwalo chovutikacho kapena ayenera kuchotseratu. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa m'mphako, mwachitsanzo, atha kukhala ndi sequela pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni, monga mawu osinthidwa, chifukwa chakutha kwa gawo lalikulu lachiwalo komwe zingwe zamawu zimapezeka.

Pazochitika zapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya chithandizo mukatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni, monga chemo kapena radiotherapy, kuti muchotse maselo omwe atsalira mthupi, makamaka m'matenda ena kapena ma lymph node.

Pambuyo pa opareshoni, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo, monga mankhwala olankhulira ndi othandizira thupi kuti athandize munthu kutafuna ndikumeza.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yapakhosi

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yapakhosi ndi matenda a HPV, omwe amatha kupatsirana kudzera mkamwa mosadziteteza. Komabe, palinso zizolowezi za moyo zomwe zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamtunduwu, monga:

• Kukhala wosuta;
• Imwani zakumwa zoledzeretsa mopitirira muyeso;
• Idyani chakudya chopanda thanzi, zipatso zochepa ndi ndiwo zamasamba komanso zakudya zambiri zopangidwa;
• Matenda a HPV;
• Kutsegulidwa ku asibesitosi;
• Musakhale ndi ukhondo wabwino wamano.

Chifukwa chake, njira zina zopewera kukhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu ndi monga kusasuta, kupewa kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kupewa kugonana mkamwa mosaziteteza.