Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudzana ndi Chifuwa Chosiyanasiyana

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za CVA ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa CVA ndi chiyani?
• Kodi CVA imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi CVA imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?
• Malangizo pakuthana ndi mphumu

Chidule

Mphumu ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri ku United States. Nthawi zambiri zimadziwonetsera kudzera pazizindikiro zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupumira komanso kutsokomola.

Nthawi zina mphumu imabwera m'njira yotchedwa asthma asthma (CVA), yomwe ilibe zizindikiritso za mphumu. Pansipa tatsimikizira kusiyana pakati pa CVA ndi mphumu yanthawi zonse.

Zizindikiro za CVA ndi ziti?

CVA imangotchulidwa ndi chizindikiro chimodzi: chifuwa chosatha chomwe sichingathe kufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zina. Chifuwa ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowuma ndipo chimatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu. Siphatikizapo zina mwazizindikiro za mphumu, monga:

• kufinya pachifuwa
• kupuma potulutsa mpweya
• kupuma movutikira
• madzimadzi m'mapapu
• chifuwa ndi phlegm kapena ntchofu
• kuvuta kugona chifukwa cha chilichonse mwazizindikiro pamwambapa

Ngakhale CVA sichisonyeza zina kupatula kutsokomola, nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutupa m'mayendedwe ampweya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira CVA moyenera.

CVA ikapanda kuchiritsidwa, CVA imatha kukhala mphumu yoopsa kwambiri. Mawu akuti "30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya odwala achikulire omwe ali ndi CVA, pokhapokha atalandira chithandizo chokwanira, amatha kupita ku mphumu." adawonetsa kuti CVA ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kutsokomola padziko lonse lapansi.

Wina wochokera ku Japan ananena kuti mwa anthu 42 pa anthu 100 alionse, chifuwa chosadziwika, chosalekeza chimanenedwa ndi CVA. Pafupifupi 28% amatha kufotokozedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi CVA. Kukhosomola kosalekeza kungathenso kuwonetsa zina monga kuperewera kwa postnasal ndi GERD.

Kodi chimayambitsa CVA ndi chiyani?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mphumu yanthawi zonse, asayansi sadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa CVA. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuti mungu umatha kuyambitsa chifuwa. China ndikuti matenda opumira amatha kuyambitsa chifuwa.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti CVA mwa anthu ena itha kukhala yothandizidwa ndi kutenga beta-blockers. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga:

• matenda amtima
• kulephera kwa mtima
• mutu waching'alang'ala
• matenda oopsa
• mikhalidwe yachilendo ya mtima

Beta-blockers amapezekanso m'maso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira glaucoma. Aspirin amathanso kuthandizira kutsokomola komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi CVA.

Kodi CVA imapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira CVA kungakhale kovuta. Ili ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha. Anthu omwe ali ndi CVA amathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyesedwa zam'mapapo, monga spirometry, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mphumu yanthawi zonse.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa methacholine kuyesa CVA. Pachiyesochi, mumatulutsa methacholine ngati nkhungu ya aerosol mukuchita spirometry. Dokotala wanu ndiye amayang'anitsitsa kayendedwe ka ndege pamene ikukula ndikuchepera. Ngati mapapu anu amachepetsa ndi 20% panthawi yamayeso, adotolo azindikira kuti mphumu.

Mayeso a vuto la methacholine nthawi zambiri amachitika m'malo apadera. Ngati dokotala akukayikira CVA, atha kuyamba chithandizo cha mphumu popanda kudziwa bwinobwino. Ngati zingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi chifuwa, izi zitha kutsimikizira CVA.

Kodi CVA imathandizidwa bwanji?

CVA imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo cha mphumu yayitali. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Mpweya wa corticosteroids (inhalers): Njira imodzi yofunikira kwambiri yochizira CVA ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti inhalers. Mankhwalawa amawongolera kutsokomola, amaletsa kuyambika kwa magudumu, komanso amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa ndege kwa anthu omwe ali ndi CVA. Ngati muli ndi CVA kapena mphumu yosatha, ndibwino kumwa ma inhalers tsiku lililonse monga mwalamulidwa. Zitsanzo ndi monga budesonide (Pulmicort) ndi fluticasone (Flovent). Mutha kudziwa zambiri za corticosteroid yomwe ingakuthandizeni ku Partner Healthcare Asthma Center.
• Mankhwala apakamwa: Madokotala nthawi zambiri amathandizira ma inhalers ndi mapiritsi amkamwa otchedwa leukotriene modifiers.Amathandizira kuthetsa zizindikiro za mphumu kwa maola 24. Zitsanzo ndi montelukast (Singulair) ndi zileuton (Zyflo).
• Achifwamba: Zinthu izi zimatsitsimutsa minofu yomwe imamangika mozungulira ma airways, kuwapangitsa kuti atsegule. Amatha kuchita kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwakanthawi. Ma bronchodilator a kanthawi kochepa, monga albuterol, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikiritso za mphumu pomenyedwa kapena musanachite zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Sagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mphumu tsiku ndi tsiku. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma bronchodilator a nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma steroids osapumira tsiku ndi tsiku kuti athetse mphumu yayitali. Beta-2 agonists ndi chitsanzo china cha ma bronchodilator, ndipo amatha kuchita kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwakanthawi.
• Ma Nebulizers: Nthawi zina madokotala amakupatsani mankhwala a nebulizer ngati mankhwala ena sakukuthandizani. Ma Nebulizers amangodzipopera mankhwala mu nkhungu kudzera pakamwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti mapapu azitenga mankhwalawo mosavuta.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

CVA ndi njira yachilendo, koma yodziwika bwino ya mphumu. Itha kuyendetsedwa ngati mphumu yanthawi zonse. Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chosalekeza komanso chouma chomwe chimatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo, pitani kwa katswiri wa mphumu kuti mupeze matenda oyenera.

Malangizo pakuthana ndi mphumu

Pali njira zingapo zothandizira kupewa matenda a mphumu ngati muli ndi CVA:

• Khalani ogwirizana ndi mankhwala anu. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse mphumu yanu. Kutenga mankhwala tsiku lililonse, monga inhalers, ndikofunikira kuti mupite patsogolo. Ngati mukukumana ndi chifuwa, kumwa mankhwala amphamvu, achidule ndikofunikanso.
• Pewani zovuta. Ma allergen ena amatha kuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa zizindikiritso za mphumu. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuipitsa mpweya, ubweya wa nyama, ndi mungu mumlengalenga. Kuchokera mu 2014 adawonetsa kuti ma allergen, makamaka mungu, amatha kukulitsa kutupa munjira za anthu omwe ali ndi CVA.
• Sinthani moyo wanu. Zodzikongoletsera zimatha kukonza chinyezi mlengalenga, chomwe chimakonda anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu. An mu Cochrane Review akuwonetsa kuti yoga itha kusintha zizindikiritso za mphumu. Komabe, pamafunika mayesero ambiri kuti zitsimikizire izi.
• Pewani kusuta. Kusuta kumayambitsa kutsokomola ngati muli ndi CVA, komanso zizindikilo zina ngati muli ndi mphumu yayitali. Zidzakulitsanso chiopsezo chanu cham'mapapo ndi kupuma.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mita yanu yayitali kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonera kupita patsogolo kwanu ndi mphumu komanso ngati mungakuwoneni ngati dokotala kuti mumutsatire.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mphamvu yamapapo, komanso kumachepetsa nkhawa. Anthu ambiri omwe amamwa mankhwala oyenera amapeza zolimbitsa thupi kukhala njira yabwino yothetsera zizindikilo zawo za CVA.