Njira Zatsopano Zopangira Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Zamkati

• Mankhwala atsopano a shuga
• Mankhwala atsopano amlomo
• Xigduo XR
• Kusinkhasinkha
• Glyxambi
• Masautso
• Zamgululi
• Masautso Phiri
• Jekeseni watsopano
• Tresiba
• Basaglar ndi Toujeo
• Kulimbana
• Soliqua
• Ozempic
• Adlyxin
• Zowonjezera
• Mankhwala a shuga pakukula
• Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ka shuga
• Mankhwala apakamwa
• Biguanides monga metformin
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV zoletsa)
• Meglitinides
• Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 zoletsa (SGLT2)
• Sulfonylureas
• Anayankha
• Mankhwala osakaniza
• Mankhwala ojambulidwa
• Insulini
• Amylin analogue
• Glucagon ngati peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists)
• Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha mankhwala

Mu Meyi 2020, adalimbikitsa kuti ena opanga metformin awonjezere kutulutsa ena mwa mapiritsi awo kumsika waku US. Izi ndichifukwa choti mulingo wosavomerezeka wa khansa yotenga khansa (wothandizira khansa) udapezeka m'mapiritsi ena a metformin. Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa, itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wanu. Adzakulangizani ngati mupitiliza kumwa mankhwala anu kapena ngati mukufuna mankhwala atsopano.

Mukakhala ndi matenda ashuga, thupi lanu limakhala ndi vuto loyang'anira insulini. Insulini ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kapamba wanu chomwe chimathandiza thupi lanu kugwiritsa ntchito shuga (shuga) wazakudya zomwe mumadya. Insulini imasuntha shuga kuchokera m'magazi anu kupita m'maselo anu, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu. Koma ngati thupi lanu silipanga insulini yokwanira kapena sililigwiritsa ntchito moyenera, shuga amakhala m'magazi anu. Kukhala ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga ziwalo za thupi lanu.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga: mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 sangathe kudzipangira insulini. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kupanga insulin, koma matupi awo sangathe kuyigwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Ngakhale mankhwala okhawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi insulin, imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, mbali inayo, ali ndi mitundu ingapo yazosankha zamankhwala. M'malo mwake, angafunike kumwa mitundu yoposa imodzi yamankhwala kuti athetse vuto lawo.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zamankhwala atsopano a shuga komanso mankhwala omwe akupangidwa pano, komanso mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala atsopano a shuga

M'zaka zaposachedwa, mankhwala angapo ashuga apangidwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala akumwa komanso jakisoni.

Mankhwala atsopano amlomo

Kupatula Steglatro, yomwe ili ndi mankhwala amodzi okha, mankhwala atsopano am'kamwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda amtundu wa shuga onse ndi mankhwala osakanikirana. Onsewa amaphatikiza mankhwala awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha kuchiza matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mayina omwe alibe ma generic.

Xigduo XR

Xigduo XR, yomwe imabwera ngati piritsi lokhala ndi nthawi yotulutsa maola 24, idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu 2014. Xigduo XR iphatikiza metformin ndi dapagliflozin. Metformin imathandizira kuti matupi amthupi azindikire insulini. Dapagliflozin imatseka shuga ina m'dongosolo lanu kuti isalowenso magazi anu kudzera mu impso zanu. Zimapangitsanso kuti thupi lanu lichotse shuga wambiri kudzera mumkodzo wanu.

Kusinkhasinkha

Synjardy, yomwe imabwera ngati piritsi yamlomo, idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu 2015. Imaphatikiza mankhwala a metformin ndi empagliflozin. Empagliflozin imagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi dapagliflozin.

Glyxambi

Glyxambi, yomwe imabweranso ngati piritsi yamlomo, idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu 2015. Imaphatikiza mankhwala linagliptin ndi empagliflozin. Linagliptin amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni ena m'thupi lanu omwe amauza kapamba wanu kuti apange ndi kumasula insulini. Zimachedwetsanso chimbudzi chanu, chomwe chimachedwetsa kutulutsa shuga m'magazi anu.

Masautso

Steglujan, yomwe imabwera ngati piritsi, idavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa 2017. Imaphatikiza ertugliflozin ndi sitagliptin.

Ertugliflozin imagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi empagliflozin. Sitagliptin imatchinga kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni ena mthupi lanu omwe amauza kapamba kuti apange ndikutulutsa insulini. Zimachedwetsanso chimbudzi chanu, chomwe chimachedwetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi anu.

Zamgululi

Segluromet, yomwe imabwera ngati piritsi yamlomo, idavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa 2017. Imaphatikiza ertugliflozin ndi metformin.

Masautso Phiri

Steglatro, yomwe imabwera ngati piritsi yamlomo, idavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa 2017. Ndi mtundu wa dzina la mankhwala ertugliflozin. Imagwira ntchito mofananira ndi empagliflozin. Monga mankhwala osakaniza pamndandandawu, Steglatro amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wachiwiri.

Jekeseni watsopano

Majekeseni atsopanowa sapezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2, kapena mitundu yonse ya 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Mankhwalawa ali ndi mtundu wa insulin, agonist wa GLP-1, kapena zonsezi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jakisoni wa jakisoni imagwira ntchito m'malo mwa insulin yomwe thupi lanu silimapanga kapena kuti silingagwiritse ntchito moyenera. Glucagon ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists amathandizira kuti kapamba wanu amasule insulini yochulukirapo mulingo wa glucose ukakhala wokwera. Amachepetsanso kuyamwa kwa shuga pakudya.

Tresiba

Tresiba, yomwe idavomerezedwa mu 2015, ndi dzina la mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin degludec. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2.

Tresiba ndi insulini yotenga nthawi yayitali yomwe imatha mpaka maola 42. Izi ndizitali kuposa insulini yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Imabayidwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Basaglar ndi Toujeo

Basaglar ndi Toujeo ndi mitundu iwiri yatsopano ya insulin glargine. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2, ndipo onse amabayidwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Basaglar ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin omwe adavomerezedwa mu 2015. Ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala ena a insulin glargine otchedwa Lantus. Toujeo ndi mtundu wambiri wa insulin glargine. Idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu 2015.

Kulimbana

Xultophy inavomerezedwa mu 2016. Imangogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Xultophy imayikidwa kamodzi patsiku.

Xultophy imaphatikiza insulini degludec, insulini yotenga nthawi yayitali, ndi liraglutide, GLP-1 agonist.

Soliqua

Soliqua inavomerezedwa mu 2016. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Imabayidwa kamodzi patsiku.

Soliqua amaphatikiza mankhwala a insulin glargine ndi lixisenatide, GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Ozempic

Ozempic inavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa 2017. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Ozempic ndi dzina la dzina la GLP-1 agonist lotchedwa semaglutide. Imabayidwa kamodzi pa sabata.

Adlyxin

Adlyxin inavomerezedwa mu 2016. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Adlyxin ndi dzina la dzina la GLP-1 agonist wotchedwa lixisenatide. Imabayidwa kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Zowonjezera

Ryzodeg idavomerezedwa mu 2016 koma sichikupezeka. Zapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2. Ryzodeg amaphatikiza insulin degludec ndi insulin aspart. Amatanthauza kuti jekeseni kamodzi kapena kawiri tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwala a shuga pakukula

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala atsopanowa, mankhwala angapo a shuga akupanga. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• Pakamwa-Lyn. Mankhwalawa amadza ngati mankhwala othamanga m'kamwa a insulin. Zapangidwa kuti zithandizire mtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga.
• Gulani 501. Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi insulini yamadzi yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupuma mpweya nthawi yakudya. Zapangidwa kuti zithandizire mtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ka shuga

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zamankhwala atsopano a shuga, nayi mndandanda wa mankhwala ashuga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Zina mwa mankhwalawa ndi zina mwa mankhwala osakaniza omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, komanso mankhwala achikulire omwe atchulidwa pansipa.

Mankhwala apakamwa

Magulu otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Zonsezi zimabwera ngati mapiritsi apakamwa. Metformin imabweranso ngati yankho lamlomo.

Biguanides monga metformin

Metformin nthawi zambiri ndimankhwala oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa kupanga shuga m'chiwindi. Zimathandizanso kuti matupi anu azikhala ndi vuto la insulin. Izi zimathandiza kuti ziwalozo zizitenga shuga.

Metformin imaphatikizidwanso ndi mankhwala ena am'kamwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi omwe muyenera kumwa.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kapena kulepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya m'thupi lanu. Zakudya zamadzimadzi zili ndi zakudya zowuma kapena zotsekemera. Izi zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• acarbose
• miglitol

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV zoletsa)

Mankhwalawa amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni ena mthupi lanu omwe amauza kapamba kuti apange ndikumasula insulini. Mankhwalawa amachepetsanso chimbudzi chanu, chomwe chimachedwetsa kutulutsa shuga m'magazi anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• alogliptin
• linagliptin
• alireza
• owo

Meglitinides

Mankhwalawa amauza kapamba kuti amasule insulini. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• natuwo
• repanlinide

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 zoletsa (SGLT2)

Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa shuga m'thupi lanu kuti asalowetsenso magazi anu kudzera mu impso zanu. Zimapangitsanso kuti thupi lanu lichotse shuga wambiri kudzera mumkodzo wanu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• canagliflozin
• dapagliflozin
• kutchalitchi
• alirezatalischi

Sulfonylureas

Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti kapamba wanu atulutse insulini yambiri. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• alireza
• glipizide
• glyburide

Anayankha

Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi insulini. Izi zimathandiza thupi lanu kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wambiri m'magazi anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• magwire
• rosiglitazone

Mankhwala osakaniza

Kuphatikiza pa zatsopano zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, mankhwala angapo ophatikiza akhala akupezeka kwakanthawi. Mankhwala achikulire kuphatikiza awa ndi awa:

• Duetact ndi piritsi lomwe limaphatikiza pioglitazone ndi glimepiride.
• Janumet ndi piritsi lomwe limaphatikiza sitagliptin ndi metformin.
• Mankhwala omwe amabwera ngati piritsi amaphatikiza metformin ndi glipizide.
• Mankhwalawa magwire ndipo rosiglitazone iliyonse imapezeka piritsi limodzi ndi metformin.

Mankhwala ojambulidwa

Mankhwala otsatirawa amabwera m'njira zojambulidwa.

Insulini

Jekeseni wa jakisoni amatenga m'malo mwa insulini yomwe thupi lanu silimapanga kapena simungagwiritse ntchito bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini. Mitundu ina imachita mwachangu. Mitundu iyi imathandizira kuchepetsa magazi m'magazi anu nthawi yakudya. Mitundu ina imagwira ntchito kwakanthawi. Mitunduyi imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi usana ndi usiku.

Mitundu ina ya insulini ndi monga:

• gawo la insulini
• insulini degludec
• insulini glargine

Amylin analogue

Analog ya amylin yotchedwa pramlintide imamwedwa musanadye. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe mukufuna. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso mtundu wa 2.

Glucagon ngati peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists)

Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti kapamba wanu atulutse insulini yochulukirapo mulingo wa shuga ukakhala wokwera. Amachepetsanso kuyamwa kwa shuga pakudya. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 okha.

Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• albiglutide
• dulaglutide
• kuwonjezera
• liraglutide
• semagulu

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha mankhwala

Ngakhale mankhwala ambiri a shuga akhala akugulitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, mankhwala atsopano atha kupereka zabwino zomwe sizimapezeka ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kumbukirani, mwina sitingadziwe zamtundu uliwonse wazovuta zomwe zimachitika ndimomwe mankhwala amathandizira. Komanso, mankhwala atsopano atha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa mankhwala akale, kapena mwina sangayikidwebe ndi mapulani ambiri a inshuwaransi. Kuphatikiza apo, inshuwaransi yanu imatha kusankha mankhwala ena kuposa ena, kapena itha kukufunsani kuti muyesere mankhwala achikulire, otsika mtengo asanakonze mankhwala atsopano, okwera mtengo.

Ndikofunika kuti mulankhule ndi dokotala ngati mukuganiza zosankha zatsopano za mankhwala ashuga. Kambiranani mbiri yanu yonse yazachipatala ndi dokotala wanu, komanso mankhwala onse ndi zowonjezera zomwe mumamwa. Pamodzi, inu ndi dokotala mutha kusankha mankhwala atsopano, ngati alipo, omwe angakhale oyenera kwa inu.