Zonse Zokhudza Mavuto a Electrolyte

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zamavuto a electrolyte
• Zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa electrolyte
• Mitundu yamavuto a electrolyte
• Calcium
• Mankhwala enaake
• Mankhwala enaake a
• Mankwala
• Potaziyamu
• Sodium
• Kuzindikira zovuta zamagetsi
• Kuchiza matenda a electrolyte
• Madzi amkati (IV)
• Mankhwala ena a IV
• Mankhwala apakamwa ndi zowonjezera
• Kutulutsa magazi
• Zowopsa pazovuta zamagetsi
• Kupewa mavuto a electrolyte

Kumvetsetsa zovuta zamagetsi

Maelekitirodi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mwachilengedwe mthupi. Amayang'anira ntchito zofunikira za physiologic.

Zitsanzo za ma electrolyte ndi awa:

• kashiamu
• mankhwala enaake
• magnesium
• mankwala
• potaziyamu
• ndi sodium

Zinthu izi zimapezeka m'magazi anu, madzi amthupi, ndi mkodzo wanu. Amadyedwanso ndi zakudya, zakumwa, ndi zowonjezera.

Matenda a electrolyte amapezeka pamene ma elekitirodi m'thupi lanu amakhala okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri. Maelekitirodi amafunika kuti azisamalidwa bwino kuti thupi lanu liziyenda bwino. Kupanda kutero, machitidwe amthupi angakhudzidwe.

Kusamvana kwakukulu kwa ma electrolyte kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu monga kukomoka, khunyu, ndi kumangidwa kwamtima.

Zizindikiro zamavuto a electrolyte

Mitundu yofatsa yamavuto a electrolyte sangayambitse zizindikiro. Matenda oterewa sangathe kuzindikirika mpaka atapezeka poyesa magazi nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuwonekera kamodzi matendawa akakula kwambiri.

Sikuti kusamvana konse kwama electrolyte kumayambitsa zofananira, koma ambiri amakhala ndi zofananira.

Zizindikiro zodziwika zavutoli ndi:

• kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• kuthamanga kwa mtima
• kutopa
• ulesi
• kupweteka kapena kugwidwa
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa
• kuphwanya m'mimba
• kuphwanya minofu
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kupsa mtima
• chisokonezo
• kupweteka mutu
• dzanzi ndi kumva kulasalasa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikirozi ndikukayikira kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto lamagetsi. Kusokonezeka kwa Electrolyte kumatha kukhala kovulaza moyo ngati sikupatsidwa chithandizo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa electrolyte

Matenda a Electrolyte nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi amthupi kudzera kusanza kwa nthawi yayitali, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena thukuta. Zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha kutayika kwamadzimadzi kokhudzana ndi kuwotcha.

Mankhwala ena amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto a electrolyte. Nthawi zina, matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a impso kapena achilendo, ndiwo amachititsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa vuto lamagetsi.

Mitundu yamavuto a electrolyte

Maselo okwera a electrolyte amawonetsedwa ndi dzina loyambirira "hyper-." Kutha kwa ma electrolyte kumawonetsedwa ndi "chinyengo".

Zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusamvana kwamazinga a electrolyte ndi monga:

• calcium: hypercalcemia ndi hypocalcemia
• mankhwala enaake: hyperchloremia ndi hypochloremia
• magnesium: hypermagnesemia ndi hypomagnesemia
• mankwala: hyperphosphatemia kapena hypophosphatemia
• potaziyamu: hyperkalemia ndi hypokalemia
• sodium: hypernatremia ndi hyponatremia

Calcium

Calcium ndi mchere wofunika kwambiri womwe thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika kwa magazi ndikuwongolera mafupa am'mafupa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mafupa ndi mano olimba.

Hypercalcemia imachitika mukakhala ndi calcium yambiri m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha:

• matenda a impso
• Matenda a chithokomiro, kuphatikizapo hyperparathyroidism
• Matenda am'mapapo, monga chifuwa chachikulu kapena sarcoidosis
• mitundu ina ya khansa, kuphatikiza khansa yam'mapapu ndi m'mawere
• kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maantacid ndi calcium kapena vitamini D zowonjezera
• mankhwala monga lithiamu, theophylline, kapena mapiritsi ena amadzi

Hypocalcemia imachitika chifukwa chosowa calcium yokwanira m'magazi. Zoyambitsa zimatha kuphatikiza:

• impso kulephera
• hypoparathyroidism
• kusowa kwa vitamini D
• kapamba
• khansa ya prostate
• kusokoneza malabsorption
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo heparin, kufooka kwa mafupa, ndi mankhwala a antiepileptic

Mankhwala enaake

Chloride ndiyofunika kuti madzi amthupi azikhala oyenera.

Hyperchloremia imachitika pakakhala ma chloride ambiri mthupi. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri
• impso kulephera
• dialysis

Hypochloremia imayamba pakakhala kloride wochepa kwambiri mthupi. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto a sodium kapena potaziyamu.

Zina mwazinthu zitha kuphatikiza:

• cystic fibrosis
• matenda osadya, monga anorexia nervosa
• chinkhanira
• pachimake impso kulephera

Mankhwala enaake a

Magnesium ndi mchere wovuta womwe umayang'anira ntchito zambiri zofunika, monga:

• kufinya kwa minofu
• mungoli wamtima
• ntchito yamitsempha

Hypermagnesemia amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa magnesium. Matendawa amakhudza makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Addison komanso matenda a impso omaliza.

Hypomagnesemia imatanthauza kukhala ndi magnesium yochepa kwambiri m'thupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizapo:

• vuto lakumwa mowa
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi
• kusokoneza malabsorption
• kutsekula m'mimba
• thukuta kwambiri
• kulephera kwa mtima
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo okodzetsa ndi maantibayotiki

Mankwala

Impso, mafupa, ndi matumbo zimagwira ntchito moyenera kuti zithetse phosphate m'thupi. Phosphate ndiyofunikira pantchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi calcium.

Hyperphosphatemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• kashiamu wotsika
• matenda a impso
• kupuma kovuta
• magalasi osagwira ntchito
• kuvulala kwambiri kwaminyewa
• chotupa cha lysis syndrome, vuto la chithandizo cha khansa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ofewetsa mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba tomwe timatulutsa mankhwala ofewetsa magazi

Maseŵera otsika a phosphate, kapena hypophosphatemia, amatha kuwoneka mu:

• kumwa mowa kwambiri
• kutentha kwakukulu
• njala
• kusowa kwa vitamini D
• zopitilira muyeso zama parathyroid
• mankhwala ena, monga intravenous (IV) iron iron, niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), ndi ma antiacids ena

Potaziyamu

Potaziyamu ndiyofunikira makamaka pakuwongolera momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito. Zimathandizanso kukhala ndi mitsempha yabwino komanso minofu.

Hyperkalemia imatha kukula chifukwa cha potaziyamu wambiri. Matendawa amatha kupha ngati atapanda kuzindikira komanso osachiritsidwa. Imakhala chifukwa cha:

• Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri
• impso kulephera
• kwambiri acidosis, kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga ketoacidosis
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo mankhwala a magazi ndi okodzetsa
• kusakwanira kwa adrenal, ndipamene milingo yanu ya cortisol imakhala yotsika kwambiri

Hypokalemia imachitika pamene potaziyamu imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha:

• mavuto a kudya
• kusanza kwambiri kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, okodzetsa, ndi corticosteroids

Sodium

Sodium ndiwofunikira kuti thupi lizisunga madzi moyenera ndipo ndilofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Zimathandizanso kuwongolera kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha ndi kupindika kwa minofu.

Hypernatremia imachitika pakakhala sodium wochuluka m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa sodium kungayambidwe ndi:

• kumwa madzi osakwanira
• Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri
• Kutaya kwambiri madzi amthupi chifukwa chokusanza kwanthawi yayitali, kutsegula m'mimba, thukuta, kapena matenda opuma
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo corticosteroids

Hyponatremia imayamba pakakhala sodium wocheperako. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwa sodium ndi monga:

• Kutaya madzi kwambiri kudzera pakhungu kutuluka thukuta kapena kutentha
• kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• kusadya bwino
• vuto lakumwa mowa
• kutaya madzi kwambiri
• chithokomiro, hypothalamic, kapena adrenal matenda
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi, mtima, kapena impso
• mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo okodzetsa ndi mankhwala olanda
• syndrome ya katulutsidwe kosayenera ka mahomoni oletsa antidiuretic (SIADH)

Kuzindikira zovuta zamagetsi

Kuyesa magazi kosavuta kumatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwama electrolyte mthupi lanu. Kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumayang'ana impso zanu ndikofunikanso.

Dokotala wanu angafune kuti mumupime mayeso kapena kuyitanitsa mayeso ena kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukukayikira vuto la electrolyte. Mayeso owonjezerawa azisiyanasiyana kutengera momwe mukufunira.

Mwachitsanzo, hypernatremia (sodium wochuluka kwambiri) imatha kupangitsa kuti khungu lisasunthike pakhungu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi. Dokotala wanu amatha kuyesa kutsina kuti aone ngati kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kukukhudzani.

Akhozanso kuyesa kuyesa kusinkhasinkha kwanu, popeza kuchuluka kwama electrolyte ena kukwera komanso kutha kumatha kukhudza kusintha kwa malingaliro.

Electrococardiogram (ECG kapena EKG), yomwe imafufuza zamagetsi mumtima mwanu, itha kukhala yothandiza kuwunika kugunda kwamiyeso, mayimbidwe, kapena kusintha kwa ECG kapena EKG komwe kumabwera ndi mavuto a electrolyte.

Kuchiza matenda a electrolyte

Chithandizo chimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamavuto a electrolyte komanso pazomwe zikuyambitsa.

Mwambiri, mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa mchere wokwanira m'thupi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Madzi amkati (IV)

Madzi amkati (IV), omwe amapezeka ndi sodium chloride, amatha kuthandiza kupatsanso thupi thupi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakakhala kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi chifukwa chokusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Zowonjezera zamagetsi zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kumadzimadzi a IV kuti athetse zolakwika.

Mankhwala ena a IV

Mankhwala a IV amatha kuthandiza thupi lanu kubwezeretsa bwino ma electrolyte mwachangu. Angathenso kukutetezani ku zotsatira zoyipa mukamathandizidwa ndi njira ina.

Mankhwala omwe mumalandira amatengera vuto la electrolyte lomwe muli nalo. Mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe akuphatikizapo calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride, ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake.

Mankhwala apakamwa ndi zowonjezera

Mankhwala am'kamwa ndi zowonjezera zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zam'mimba mthupi lanu. Izi ndizofala kwambiri ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a impso.

Kutengera vuto lanu la electrolyte, mutha kulandira mankhwala kapena zowonjezera monga:

• calcium (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, kapena lactate
• magnesium okusayidi
• potaziyamu mankhwala enaake
• Mitundu ya phosphate, yomwe imaphatikizapo sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), lanthanum (Fosrenol), ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi calcium monga calcium carbonate

Amatha kuthandizira m'malo mwa ma electrolyte omwe atha kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwakanthawi, kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa vuto lanu. Kusamvana kukakonzedwa, dokotala wanu athana ndi chomwe chimayambitsa.

Ngakhale zowonjezera zina zitha kugulidwa pakauntala, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lama electrolyte amalandila mankhwala akuchipatala kuchokera kwa adotolo.

Kutulutsa magazi

Hemodialysis ndi mtundu wa dialysis womwe umagwiritsa ntchito makina kuchotsa zinyalala m'magazi anu.

Njira imodzi yopezera magazi kuthamangira ku impso zopangira izi ndi kuti dokotala wanu akamupanga opaleshoni yolowera m'mitsempha yanu.

Khomo lolowera lino limalola magazi ochulukirapo kutuluka mthupi lanu panthawi yamankhwala a hemodialysis. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi ambiri amatha kusefedwa ndikuyeretsedwa.

Hemodialysis itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati vuto la electrolyte limayambitsidwa ndi impso mwadzidzidzi ndipo mankhwala ena sakugwira ntchito. Dokotala wanu amathanso kusankha pa chithandizo cha hemodialysis ngati vuto la electrolyte lakhala likuwopseza moyo.

Zowopsa pazovuta zamagetsi

Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lamagetsi. Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha mbiri yawo yazachipatala. Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu pamavuto a electrolyte ndi monga:

• vuto lakumwa mowa
• matenda enaake
• congestive mtima kulephera
• matenda a impso
• mavuto a kudya, monga anorexia ndi bulimia
• zoopsa, monga kuwotcha kwambiri kapena mafupa osweka
• matenda a chithokomiro
• Matenda a adrenal gland

Kupewa mavuto a electrolyte

Tsatirani malangizo awa kuti muteteze mavuto a electrolyte:

• khalani osasamba ngati mukukumana ndi kusanza kwanthawi yayitali, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena thukuta
• pitani kwa dokotala wanu ngati mukukumana ndi zizolowezi zama electrolyte

Ngati vuto la electrolyte limayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena zovuta zina, dokotala wanu adzasintha mankhwala anu ndikuchotsa vutoli. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa kusamvana kwamtsogolo kwama elekitirodi.