Hemoglobin electrophoresis: ndi chiyani, momwe amapangidwira komanso chomwe chimapangidwira

Zamkati

• Ndi chiyani
• Momwe zimachitikira
• Momwe mungatanthauzire zotsatira

Hemoglobin electrophoresis ndi njira yodziwira matenda yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemoglobin yomwe imapezeka ikuzungulira m'magazi. Hemoglobin kapena Hb ndi puloteni yomwe ilipo m'maselo ofiira ofiira omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya utheke, ndikulola mayendedwe kupita kumatenda. Dziwani zambiri za hemoglobin.

Kuchokera pakuzindikira mtundu wa hemoglobin, ndizotheka kuwunika ngati munthuyo ali ndi matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi hemoglobin synthesis, monga thalassemia kapena sickle cell anemia. Komabe, kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, m'pofunika kuchita mayesero ena a hematological ndi biochemical.

Ndi chiyani

Hemoglobin electrophoresis ikufunsidwa kuti izindikire kusintha kwamachitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito okhudzana ndi hemoglobin kaphatikizidwe. Chifukwa chake, atha kulimbikitsidwa ndi adotolo kuti apeze kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda a hemoglobin C ndikusiyanitsa thalassemia, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, atha kupemphedwa ndi cholinga cholangiza maanja omwe akufuna kukhala ndi ana, mwachitsanzo, kudziwitsidwa ngati pali mwayi woti mwanayo atha kukhala ndi vuto linalake lamagazi lomwe limakhudzana ndi kaphatikizidwe ka hemoglobin. Hemoglobin electrophoresis itha kulamulidwanso ngati njira yowunika yowunika odwala omwe amapezeka kale kuti ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemoglobin.

Pankhani ya ana obadwa kumene, mtundu wa hemoglobin umadziwika kudzera mu kuyesa kwa chidendene, komwe ndikofunikira kuti mupeze matenda a sickle cell anemia. Onani matenda omwe amapezeka ndi mayeso a chidendene.

Momwe zimachitikira

Hemoglobin electrophoresis imachitika kuchokera pakusonkhanitsidwa kwa magazi ndi katswiri wophunzitsidwa mu labotale yapadera, chifukwa kusonkhanitsa kolakwika kumatha kubweretsa hemolysis, ndiye kuti, kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira, omwe amatha kusokoneza zotsatira zake. Mvetsetsani momwe magazi amatengedwa.

Zosonkhanitsazo ziyenera kuchitika ndi wodwala kusala kudya kwa maola osachepera 4 komanso mtundu womwe watumizidwa kuti akaunike mu labotale, momwe mitundu ya hemoglobin yomwe imapezeka mwa wodwalayo imadziwika. M'malo ena owerengera, sikofunikira kusala kudya kuti mutole. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chitsogozo kuchokera ku labotale ndi dokotala za kusala kudya kukayezetsa.

Mtundu wa hemoglobin umadziwika ndi electrophoresis mu alkaline pH (pafupifupi 8.0 - 9.0), yomwe ndi njira yozikidwa pamlingo wosamuka wa molekyulu ikamayatsidwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuwonetsetsa kwamagulu molingana ndi kukula ndi kulemera kwake molekyulu. Malinga ndi mtundu wa band womwe udapezeka, kuyerekezera kumapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino, motero, kuzindikiritsa ma hemoglobins osadziwika kumapangidwa.

Momwe mungatanthauzire zotsatira

Malinga ndi mtundu woperekedwa wa band, ndizotheka kuzindikira mtundu wa hemoglobin ya wodwalayo. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) imakhala ndi kulemera kwama molekyulu, kusuntha kwambiri sikuzindikirika, pomwe HbA2 ndiyopepuka, ikulowera mkati mwa gel. Mtundu wa gululi umamasuliridwa mu labotore ndipo umatulutsidwa ngati lipoti kwa dokotala ndi wodwalayo, kuwadziwitsa mtundu wa hemoglobin yomwe yapezeka.

Fetog hemoglobin (HbF) imapezeka kwambiri mwa mwana, komabe, pakukula, kuchuluka kwa HbF kumachepa pomwe HbA1 imakulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yamtundu uliwonse kumasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala:

Komabe, anthu ena amasintha kapangidwe kake kapena kagwiritsidwe kake kogwirizana ndi kaphatikizidwe ka hemoglobin, zomwe zimayambitsa ma hemoglobin achilendo kapena osiyanasiyana, monga HbS, HbC, HbH ndi Barts 'Hb.

Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku hemoglobin electrophoresis, ndikotheka kuzindikira kupezeka kwa ma hemoglobins osazolowereka ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi njira ina yodziwira yotchedwa HPLC, ndikotheka kuwunika kuchuluka kwa ma hemoglobin abwinobwino, omwe atha kukhala owonetsa:

Pankhani yopezeka ndi sickle cell anemia poyesa chidendene, zotsatira zake ndi HbFA (ndiye kuti, mwanayo ali ndi HbA ndi HbF, zomwe zimakhala zabwinobwino), pomwe zotsatira za HbFAS ndi HbFS zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a cell ya chikwakwa. ndi sickle cell anemia motsatana.

Kusiyanitsa kwa thalassemias kutha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito hemoglobin electrophoresis yokhudzana ndi HPLC, momwe maunyolo a alpha, beta, delta ndi gamma amatsimikiziridwa, kutsimikizira kupezeka kapena kupezeka pang'ono kwa ma globin chain ndipo, malinga ndi zotsatira zake , dziwani mtundu wa thalassemia. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire thalassemia.

Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti pali matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi hemoglobin, mayesero ena monga iron, ferritin, mlingo wa transferrin, kuphatikiza kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi, ayenera kulamulidwa. Onani momwe mungatanthauzire kuchuluka kwamagazi.