Mapuloteni Electrophoresis: ndi chiyani nanga mungamvetse bwanji zotsatira zake

Zamkati

• Ndi chiyani
• Zatheka bwanji
• Momwe mungamvetsere zotsatira
• Albumin
• Alpha-1-globulin
• Alpha-2-globulin
• Beta-1-globulin
• Beta-2-globulin
• Gamma-globulin

Mapuloteni electrophoresis ndi mayeso omwe adafunsa adotolo ndi cholinga chofufuza matenda omwe angapangitse kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni oyenda m'magazi, akuwerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa mayeso akulu ofunsidwa kuti afufuze ndikupeza matenda a myeloma angapo.

Kuyeza kumeneku kumachitika kuchokera pagulu la magazi, lomwe limayeserera centrifugation kuti ipeze plasma, momwe amapezera mapuloteni. Mapuloteniwa amadzipatula malinga ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma molekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gulu la band, kenako, graph yomwe ndiyofunikira kutanthauzira kuyesedwa ndi dokotala.

Mapuloteni omwe amayesedwa pamayesowa ndi ofunikira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, chifukwa amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kake, kuwonjezera pakutha kunyamula mamolekyulu kupita nawo pamalo awo ogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa magawo awo kumatha kukhala chisonyezo cha matenda. Zina mwa mapuloteni oyesedwa ndi albin, alpha-glycoproteins, beta-glycoproteins ndi gamma-glycoproteins.

Ndi chiyani

Mapuloteni electrophoresis amafunsidwa ndi dokotala kuti aone kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mthupi ndipo, motero, afufuze zosintha zomwe zingachitike ndi matenda, kuti athe kuyamba kulandira chithandizo msanga, ngati ndi choncho. Zina mwazomwe dokotala amatha kuyitanitsa ndi protein electrophoresis ndipamene pali zizindikilo zosonyeza:

• Kutaya madzi m'thupi;
• Angapo myeloma;
• Kutupa;
• Matenda enaake;
• Zokhudza lupus erythematosus;
• Matenda oopsa;
• Ascites;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Matenda a Cushing;
• Emphysema;
• Matenda a chiwindi;
• Kusowa magazi;
• Pancreatitis.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, mayeserowa atha kufunsidwa munthuyo akamalandira chithandizo cha estrogen kapena akakhala ndi pakati, popeza munthawi izi pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwamapuloteni, ndikofunikira kuwunika mapuloteni omwe asinthidwa ndikutsata njira ndikusinthira mkhalidwe.

Zatheka bwanji

Mapuloteni electrophoresis amachitika potenga magazi kuchokera kwa munthuyo ndi katswiri wodziwa ntchito ndipo palibe kukonzekera kofunikira. Zitsanzo zomwe zimapezeka zimatumizidwa ku labotale kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa maselo ofiira ndi plasma. Nthawi zina, kusonkhanitsa mkodzo kwa maola 24 kumatha kuchitidwa kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amatulutsidwa mkodzo masana, omwe amafunsidwa ndi dokotala pakavutikira mavuto a impso.

Plasma imayikidwa mu gel agarose kapena cellulose acetate pamodzi ndi utoto ndi chikhomo cha mapuloteni onse kenako magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athandize kupatukana kwa mapuloteni molingana ndi kuthekera kwawo kwamagetsi., Kukula ndi ma molekyulu kulemera. Pambuyo podzipatula, mapuloteni amatha kuwonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gulu, kuwonetsa kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa mapuloteniwo.

Kenaka, mapuloteniwa amawerengedwa mu chipangizo china, chotchedwa densitometer, momwe mapuloteni m'magazi amafufuzidwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake ndi mtengo wake wonse wamapuloteni omwe akuwonetsedwa mu lipotilo, kuphatikiza pa graph, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti amvetsetse bwino adotolo komanso wodwala wazotsatira zake.

Momwe mungamvetsere zotsatira

Zotsatira za kuyesa kwa protein electrophoresis ziyenera kutanthauziridwa ndi adotolo, omwe amawunika kufunikira kwamapuloteniwo, komanso graph yomwe imatulutsidwa mu lipotilo.

Zotsatira zake, tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta protein timawonetsedwa, ndiye kuti, mfundo zomwe zimapezeka mu albin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-1-globulin, beta-2-globulin ndi gamma-globulin. Ponena za mtundu wa band, nthawi zambiri samatulutsidwa mu lipotilo, kumangotsala mu labotale komanso kupezeka kwa adotolo.

Albumin

Albumin ndi mapuloteni a plasma omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndipo amapangidwa m'chiwindi, akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga kutumiza mahomoni, mavitamini ndi michere, kuwongolera pH ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa thupi. Kuphatikizika kwa albin m'chiwindi kumadalira momwe munthu aliri ndi thanzi labwino, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ozungulira komanso pH yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa albin mu protein electrophoresis kumawonetsa thanzi la munthuyo ndipo kumalola kusintha kusintha kwa chiwindi kapena impso.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 4.01 mpaka 4.78 g / dL; 55.8 mpaka 66.1%

Kuchuluka kwa albumin: Kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya albin kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, koma osati chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteniwa kunachuluka, koma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kocheperako, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa magazi, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa albumin kutsimikiziridwa.

Kuchepetsa albumin: Albumin imawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo loipa kwambiri la protein, ndiye kuti, pakakhala kutupa, pamakhala kuchepa kwa milingo ya albin. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa albin kumatha kuchitika ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, matenda oopsa, edema, ascites, kuperewera kwa zakudya ndi matenda enaake, momwe chiwindi chimasokonekera ndipo kaphatikizidwe ka albumin katha.

Dziwani zambiri za albumin.

Alpha-1-globulin

Kachigawo ka alpha-1-globulin kamakhala ndi mapuloteni angapo, oyambayo ndi omwe alpha-1-asidi glycoprotein (AGA) ndi alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). AGA imagwira nawo ntchito yopanga ma collagen ulusi ndipo imayambitsa ntchito yoletsa ma virus ndi ma parasites, chifukwa chake ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Monga AGA, AAT imathandizanso kwambiri m'thupi.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 0.22 mpaka 0.41 g / dL; 2.9 mpaka 4.9%

Kuchuluka kwa alpha-1-globulin: Kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni m'chigawochi kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kutupa ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa alpha-1-globulin kumatha kuwonetsa zotupa, matenda a Cushing, nyamakazi, mimba ndi vasculitis, kuphatikiza pakutha kuwonjezeka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi estrogens kapena corticosteroids.

Kuchepetsa mu alpha-1-globulin: Kutsika kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda a nephrotic, matenda akulu a chiwindi, emphysema, cirrhosis ndi hepatocellular carcinoma.

Alpha-2-globulin

Gawo la alpha-2-globulin limapangidwa ndi mapuloteni atatu akulu: the ceruloplasmin (CER), a haptoglobin (hpt) ndi macroglobulin (AMG), omwe kuchuluka kwake kumatha kuwonjezeka chifukwa chotupa komanso matenda opatsirana.

Ceruloplasmin ndi puloteni wopangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo imakhala ndi mkuwa wambiri momwe umapangidwira, womwe umalola kuti ichitepo kanthu m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, CER ndiyofunikira pakuphatikiza chitsulo mu transferrin, yomwe ndi protein yomwe imayendetsa chitsulo m'thupi. Ngakhale amawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lamapulogalamu oyipa, milingo ya CER ikuchedwa kukwera.

Haptoglobin imapangitsa kuti hemoglobin izizungulira ndipo potero, imalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwake ndikuchotsedwa pamayendedwe. Kumbali inayi, Macroglobulin ndi amodzi mwamapuloteni akulu kwambiri am'magazi a plasma ndipo ali ndi udindo wowongolera momwe zimakhalira zotupa komanso kuteteza thupi m'thupi, kuphatikiza pakutumiza mapuloteni osavuta, ma peptide, ndikuwongolera kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni am'magazi a m'chiwindi.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 0.58 mpaka 0.92 g / dL; 7.1 mpaka 11.8%

Kuchuluka kwa alpha-2-globulin: Kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni m'chigawochi kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a nephrotic, matenda a Wilson, kufooka kwa chiwindi, kufalikira kwa intravascular coagulation ndi infarction ya ubongo, kuwonjezera pakutha kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha mankhwala a estrogen.

Kuchepetsa kwa alpha-2-globulin: Kuchepa kwa milingo iyi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha hemolytic anemias, kapamba ndi matenda am'mapapo.

Beta-1-globulin

THE kusintha Ndiwo puloteni wamkulu wa kachigawo ka beta-1-globulin ndipo ndi amene amayang'anira mayendedwe azitsulo m'malo osiyanasiyana mthupi. Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka komwe kumafufuzidwa mu protein electrophoresis, kuchuluka kwa transferrin m'magazi kumatha kufufuzidwa ndikuyesedwa kwamagazi. Dziwani mayeso a transferrin.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 0.36 mpaka 0.52 g / dL; 4.9 mpaka 7.2%

Kuchuluka kwa beta-1-globulin: Kuchulukaku kumachitika pakakhala kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi, mimba, jaundice, hypothyroidism ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuchepetsa kwa beta-1-globulin: Kutsika kwa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni sikuchuluka kwambiri, komabe kumatha kuwonedwa munthawi yayitali.

Beta-2-globulin

Mugawoli muli mapuloteni awiri akulu, a beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) ndi Mapuloteni othandizira C (CRP). BMG ndichizindikiro cha zochitika zamagulu, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira pakuzindikira zotupa za lymphocytic, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera poti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala ndi cholinga chotsata wodwala khansa, kuti muwone ngati chithandizo chikuyenda bwino. CRP ndi puloteni yofunikira kwambiri pozindikiritsa matenda ndi zotupa, chifukwa ndiomwe amasintha kwambiri.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 0.22 mpaka 0.45 g / dL; 3.1 mpaka 6.1%

Kuwonjezeka kwa beta-2-globulin: Kuchulukaku kumatha kuchitika pakagwa matenda okhudzana ndi ma lymphocyte, kutupa ndi matenda.

Kuchepetsa kwa beta-2-globulin: Kutsika kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha mavuto a chiwindi, omwe amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteniwa.

Gamma-globulin

Pachigawo ichi cha protein electrophoresis amapezeka ma immunoglobulins, omwe ndi mapuloteni omwe amateteza chitetezo cha thupi. Mvetsetsani momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimagwirira ntchito.

Mtengo wowerengera mu electrophoresis (umatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale): 0.72 mpaka 1.27 g / dL; 11.1 mpaka 18.8%

Kuwonjezeka kwa gamma-globulin: Kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni a gamma-globulin omwe amapezeka pang'ono pang'ono amachitika chifukwa cha matenda, kutupa ndi matenda amthupi, monga nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kwa vuto la lymphoma, cirrhosis and multiple myeloma.

Gamma-globulin amachepetsa: Nthawi zambiri, ma immunoglobulin amachepetsedwa pakakhala kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, mwachitsanzo.