Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Ponena za Khansa ya Endometrial (Uterine)

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya endometrial ndi ziti?
• Kodi magawo a khansa ya endometrial ndi ati?
• Kodi khansa ya endometrial imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi zochizira khansa ya endometrial ndi ziti?
• Opaleshoni
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Thandizo la mahomoni
• Thandizo pamtima
• Kodi ndi chiopsezo chotani cha khansa ya endometrial?
• Mahomoni a Hormone
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga
• Mbiri ya khansa
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya endometrial?
• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya endometrial ndi iti?
• Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial?
• Kutenga

Kodi Khansa ya Endometrial Ndi Chiyani?

Khansa ya Endometrial ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'mimba yomwe imayambira mkatikati mwa chiberekero. Malo amenewa amatchedwa endometrium.

Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute, pafupifupi azimayi atatu mwa 100 adzapezeka ndi khansa ya uterine nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Oposa 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chiberekero amakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu kapena kupitilira apo atalandira matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya endometrial, kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo kumawonjezera mwayi wanu wokhululukidwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya endometrial ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya endometrial ndikutuluka kwamagazi kwachilendo. Izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kusintha kutalika kapena kulemera kwa msambo
• Kutuluka magazi kumaliseche kapena kuwona pakati pa msambo
• ukazi ukazi ukatha kusamba

Zizindikiro zina za khansa ya endometriya ndi monga:

• madzi kapena zotuluka kumaliseche zamagazi
• kupweteka m'mimba kapena m'chiuno
• zowawa panthawi yogonana

Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, konzekerani ndi dokotala wanu. Zizindikiro izi sizizindikiro kwenikweni za vuto lalikulu, koma ndikofunikira kuti akazindikire.

Kutaya magazi kwachilendo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa ndi kusamba kwa thupi kapena zina zomwe sizakhansa. Koma nthawi zina, ndi chizindikiro cha khansa ya endometrial kapena mitundu ina ya khansa ya amayi.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matenda anu ndikukulimbikitsani chithandizo choyenera, ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya endometrial ndi ati?

Popita nthawi, khansa ya endometrium imatha kufalikira kuchokera pachiberekero kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Khansara imagawidwa m'magulu anayi kutengera momwe yakulira kapena kufalikira:

• Gawo 1: Khansara imangopezeka m'chiberekero.
• Gawo 2: Khansara ilipo m'chiberekero ndi chiberekero.
• Gawo 3: Khansara yafalikira kunja kwa chiberekero, koma osati mpaka kumtunda kapena chikhodzodzo. Zitha kupezeka m'matumba, mazira, maliseche, ndi / kapena ma lymph node apafupi.
• Gawo 4: Khansara yafalikira kupitirira m'chiuno. Zitha kupezeka mu chikhodzodzo, rectum, ndi / kapena ziwalo ndi ziwalo zakutali.

Munthu akapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya endometrial, gawo la khansa limakhudza njira zamankhwala zomwe zingapezeke komanso chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali. Khansa ya Endometrial ndiyosavuta kuchiza kumayambiriro kwa vutoli.

Kodi khansa ya endometrial imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati mukukhala ndi zizindikilo zomwe zitha kukhala khansa ya endometrial, pitani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu wam'magazi. Gynecologist ndi dokotala wapadera yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri za njira zoberekera zazimayi.

Dokotala wanu adzakufunsani za zidziwitso zanu komanso mbiri yazachipatala. Adzayesa m'chiuno kuti muwone ndikumverera molakwika m'chiberekero chanu ndi ziwalo zina zoberekera. Kuti muwone zotupa kapena zovuta zina, atha kuyitanitsa mayeso a transvaginal ultrasound.

Kuyezetsa kwa ultrasound ndi mtundu wamayeso ojambula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akumveka kuti apange zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi lanu. Kuti muchite transvaginal ultrasound, adotolo kapena akatswiri ena azaumoyo adzaika kafukufuku wa ultrasound kumaliseche kwanu. Kafukufukuyu atumiza zithunzi pazowunikira.

Ngati dokotala atapeza zovuta panthawi ya kuyesa kwa ultrasound, akhoza kuitanitsa mayesero amodzi kapena angapo kuti atenge zitsanzo za mayeso:

• Zolemba za Endometrial: Pachiyesochi, dokotala wanu amalowetsa chubu chofiyira kudzera pachibelekero chanu m'chiberekero chanu. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuyamwa kuchotsa kachidutswa kakang'ono kuchokera ku endometrium yanu kudzera mu chubu.
• Zowonongeka: Pochita izi, adotolo amalowetsa chubu chofewa chomwe chimakhala ndi kamera ya fiber-optic kudzera m'chibelekero chanu mumchiberekero chanu. Amagwiritsa ntchito endoscope iyi kuti awone zowoneka bwino za endometrium ndi biopsy yanu.
• Kukhazikika ndi kuchiritsa (D&C): Ngati zotsatira za biopsy sizikudziwika bwino, dokotala wanu atha kutolera mtundu wina wa minofu ya endometrial pogwiritsa ntchito D&C. Kuti muchite izi, amachepetsa khomo pachibelekeropo ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera chofufutira matope ku endometrium yanu.

Mukatenga nyemba zingapo kuchokera ku endometrium yanu, dokotala wanu azitumiza ku labotale kukayesedwa. Katswiri wa labotale adzaunika zitsanzozo pogwiritsa ntchito microscope kuti adziwe ngati ili ndi maselo a khansa.

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya endometrial, dokotala wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena kuti mudziwe ngati khansayo yafalikira. Mwachitsanzo, atha kuyitanitsa kuyesa magazi, kuyesa x-ray, kapena mayeso ena azithunzi.

Kodi zochizira khansa ya endometrial ndi ziti?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa ya endometrial. Ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha dokotala wanu itengera mtundu wa khansa, komanso thanzi lanu komanso zomwe mumakonda.

Pali zabwino zomwe zingachitike ndi zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha chithandizo chilichonse. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse zabwino zomwe zingachitike komanso kuwopsa kwa njira iliyonse.

Opaleshoni

Khansa ya Endometrial nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yotchedwa hysterectomy.

Pakati pa hysterectomy, dotolo wa opaleshoni amachotsa chiberekero. Amathanso kuchotsa mazira ndi mazira, m'njira yomwe imadziwika kuti salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). Hysterectomy ndi BSO zimachitika nthawi yomweyo.

Kuti adziwe ngati khansara yafalikira, dokotalayo amachotsanso ma lymph node apafupi. Izi zimadziwika kuti lymph node dissection kapena lymphadenectomy.

Ngati khansara yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, dokotalayo angapangire maopaleshoni enanso.

Thandizo la radiation

Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito matabwa amphamvu kwambiri kupha ma cell a khansa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala a radiation omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya endometrial:

• Mankhwala akunja a radiation: Makina akunja amayang'ana ma radiation pamimba pachiberekero kuchokera kunja kwa thupi lanu.
• Thandizo la radiation: Zipangizo zamagetsi zimayikidwa mkati mwa thupi, kumaliseche kapena pachiberekero. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti brachytherapy.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni mtundu umodzi kapena mitundu iwiri ya mankhwalawa pochita opaleshoni. Izi zitha kuthandiza kupha ma cell a khansa omwe atsala atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Nthawi zambiri, amalangiza chithandizo chama radiation asanafike opaleshoni. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zotupa kuti zisakhale zosavuta kuzichotsa.

Ngati simungathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni chifukwa cha zovuta zina zamankhwala kapena kudwala kwakanthawi, dokotala wanu atha kupereka upangiri wa radiation ngati chithandizo chanu chachikulu.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kupha ma cell a khansa. Mitundu ina ya mankhwala a chemotherapy imaphatikizapo mankhwala amodzi, pomwe ena amaphatikiza mankhwala. Kutengera mtundu wa chemotherapy yomwe mumalandira, mankhwalawa amatha kukhala mapiritsi kapena kuperekedwa kudzera mu mzere wa intravenous (IV).

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni chemotherapy ya khansa ya endometrial yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi. Angalimbikitsenso njirayi yothandizira khansa ya endometrial yomwe yabwerera pambuyo pa chithandizo cham'mbuyomu.

Thandizo la mahomoni

Thandizo la mahomoni limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni kapena mankhwala oletsa mahomoni kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa ya endometrial.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni chithandizo cha mahomoni pa gawo lachitatu kapena khansa ya endometrial ya gawo IV. Angathenso kulangiza za khansa ya endometrial yomwe yabwerera pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Thandizo la mahomoni nthawi zambiri limaphatikizidwa ndi chemotherapy.

Thandizo pamtima

Ngati mukuvutika kuthana ndi matenda anu a khansa kapena chithandizo, dziwitsani dokotala. Sizachilendo kuti anthu azivutika kuwongolera zomwe zimachitika m'maganizo komanso m'maganizo chifukwa chokhala ndi khansa.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukutumizirani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Mutha kukhala otonthoza kulumikizana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zokumana nazo zomwezi.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kukutumizirani kwa katswiri wazamisala kuti mukalandire upangiri. Chithandizo cha m'modzi m'modzi kapena pagulu chimatha kukuthandizani kuthana ndi zovuta zam'maganizo komanso mayanjano okhala ndi khansa.

Kodi ndi chiopsezo chotani cha khansa ya endometrial?

Kuopsa kwa khansa ya endometrial kumawonjezeka ndi zaka. Matenda ambiri a khansa ya endometrial amapezeka azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 74, inatero National Cancer Institute.

Zina mwaziwopsezo zomwe zingayambitsenso khansa ya endometrial, kuphatikizapo:

• kusintha kwa mahomoni ogonana
• matenda ena
• mbiri ya banja la khansa

Mahomoni a Hormone

Estrogen ndi progesterone ndi mahomoni ogonana achikazi omwe amakhudza thanzi la endometrium yanu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa kumachulukirachulukira, kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya endometrial.

Mbali zina za mbiri yanu yazachipatala zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial, kuphatikiza:

• Zaka za kusamba: Nthawi yomwe mumasamba kwambiri m'moyo wanu, thupi lanu limakhala ndi estrogen. Ngati munayamba kusamba musanakwanitse zaka 12 kapena kuti munadutsa kumapeto kwa msinkhu, mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya endometrial.
• Mbiri ya pakati: Pakati pa mimba, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumasunthira ku progesterone.Ngati simunakhalepo ndi pakati, mwayi wanu wokhala ndi khansa ya endometrial imakulitsidwa.
• Matenda a Polycystic ovarian (PCOS): Muvutoli, mahomoni a estrogen ndi okwera ndipo ma progesterone amakhala otsika modabwitsa. Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya PCOS, mwayi wanu wopeza khansa ya endometrial uchulukitsidwa.
• Zotupa za Granulosa cell:Zotupa zama cell a Granulosa ndi mtundu wa Chotupitsa m'mimba chomwe chimatulutsa estrogen. Ngati mwakhala ndi chimodzi mwa zotupazi, zimakulitsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.

Mitundu ina yamankhwala imatha kusintha kusintha kwa estrogen ndi progesterone mthupi lanu, kuphatikiza:

• Mankhwala obwezeretsa Estrogen (ERT): ERT nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro zakusamba. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala obwezeretsa mahomoni (HRT) omwe amaphatikiza estrogen ndi progesterone (progestin), ERT imagwiritsa ntchito estrogen yokha ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya endometrial.
• Tamoxifan: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kupewa ndi kuchiza mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere. Itha kukhala ngati estrogen mumchiberekero mwanu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.
• Njira zakulera zakumwa (mapiritsi olera): Kumwa mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial. Mukamawatenga nthawi yayitali, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.

Mankhwala omwe angayambitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial angachepetse chiopsezo chanu. Mosiyana ndi izi, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrium akhoza kubweretsa chiopsezo chamikhalidwe ina.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muone zaubwino komanso zoopsa zakumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ERT, tamoxifan, kapena mapiritsi oletsa kubereka.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia ndimkhalidwe wopanda khansa, momwe endometrium yanu imakulira modabwitsa. Nthawi zina, zimatha zokha. Nthawi zina, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi HRT kapena opaleshoni.

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, endometrial hyperplasia nthawi zina imayamba kukhala khansa ya endometrial.

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha endometrial hyperplasia ndikutuluka magazi kwachilendo.

Kunenepa kwambiri

Malingana ndi American Cancer Society, amayi omwe ali onenepa kwambiri (BMI 25 mpaka 29.9) ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuti akhoza kudwala khansa ya endometrial kuposa azimayi omwe alibe kunenepa kwambiri. Omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri (BMI> 30) ali ndi mwayi wopitilira katatu khansa iyi.

Izi zitha kuwonetsa momwe mafuta amthupi amakhudzira magawo a estrogen. Minofu yamafuta imatha kusintha mitundu ina ya mahomoni (androgens) kukhala estrogen. Izi zitha kukweza gawo la estrogen mthupi, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.

Matenda a shuga

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 atha kutenga khansa ya endometrial kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe alibe matenda a shuga, ichenjeza American Cancer Society.

Komabe, mtundu wa ulalowu sudziwika. Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndiofala kwambiri kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, omwe amakhalanso pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial. Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 kungayambitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.

Mbiri ya khansa

Mutha kukhala ndi khansa ya endometrial ngati ena m'banja lanu adakhala nayo.

Mulinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya endometrial ngati muli ndi mbiri yabanja ya matenda a Lynch. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini amodzi kapena angapo omwe amakonza zolakwika zina pakukula kwamaselo.

Ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda a Lynch, kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha mitundu ina ya khansa, kuphatikiza khansa ya m'matumbo ndi khansa ya endometrial. Malingana ndi ndemanga yofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Genes, 40 mpaka 60 peresenti ya amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a Lynch amakhala ndi khansa ya endometrial.

Ngati mwakhalapo ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena yamchiberekero m'mbuyomu, izi zitha kupanganso chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial. Zina mwaziwopsezo za khansa izi ndizofanana. Thandizo la radiation m'chiuno mwanu lingakulitsenso mwayi wanu wokhala ndi khansa ya endometrial.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya endometrial?

Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya endometrial sichidziwika. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa mlingo wa estrogen ndi progesterone m'thupi nthawi zambiri kumathandiza.

Pamene magulu a mahomoni ogonana amasinthasintha, zimakhudza endometrium yanu. Bwalolo likasunthira kukulira kuchuluka kwa estrogen, limapangitsa kuti maselo am'magazi azigawika ndikuchulukirachulukira.

Ngati kusintha kwamtundu wina kumachitika m'maselo a endometrial, amakhala khansa. Maselo a khansa amenewo amakula ndikuchulukirachulukira ndikupanga chotupa.

Asayansi akuphunzirabe za kusintha komwe kumapangitsa kuti maselo abwinobwino am'magazi azikhala khansa.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya endometrial ndi iti?

American Cancer Society inanena kuti matenda ambiri a khansa ya endometrial ndi adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas ndi khansa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha minyewa. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa adenocarcinoma ndi khansa ya endometrioid.

Mitundu yochepa ya khansa ya endometrial ndi iyi:

• uterine carcinosarcoma (CS)
• squamous cell carcinoma
• khungu laling'ono la carcinoma
• carcinoma yosintha
• serous carcinoma

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya endometrial imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

• Lembani 1 amakonda kukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo samafalikira msanga kumatumba ena.
• Lembani 2 Amakonda kukhala aukali kwambiri ndipo amatha kufalikira kunja kwa chiberekero.

Khansa yamtundu wa endometrial yodziwika kwambiri imafala kuposa mtundu wa 2. Imakhalanso yosavuta kuchiza.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial?

Njira zina zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya endometrial:

• Sinthani kulemera kwanu: Ngati mukulemera kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa thupi komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial. Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunika kuti mudziwe momwe kuchepa thupi kumakhudzira chiwopsezo cha khansa ya endometrial.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya endometrial. Lilinso ndi maubwino ena ambiri azaumoyo.
• Funani chithandizo chazotuluka mwazi ukazi: Ngati mutuluka mwazi wamaliseche, konzekerani ndi dokotala wanu. Ngati kutuluka magazi kumayambitsidwa ndi endometrial hyperplasia, funsani dokotala wanu za njira zamankhwala.
• Ganizirani za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mankhwala a mahomoni: Ngati mukuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito HRT, funsani dokotala wanu zaubwino komanso kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito estrogen yokha motsutsana ndi kuphatikiza kwa estrogen ndi progesterone (progestin). Amatha kukuthandizani kuti muyese njira iliyonse.
• Funsani dokotala wanu za phindu lomwe mungapeze polera: Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka ndi zida za intrauterine (IUDs) zalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya endometrial. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kuti muphunzire zaubwino komanso kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera izi.
• Lolani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi mbiri ya matenda a Lynch: Ngati banja lanu liri ndi mbiri ya matenda a Lynch, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuyesa ma genetic. Ngati muli ndi matenda a Lynch, atha kukulimbikitsani kuti muganizire zochotsa chiberekero, mazira, ndi mazira kuti muchepetse khansa kukula m'matumba amenewo.

Kutenga

Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha khansa ya endometrium kapena vuto lina la amayi, pitani kuonana ndi dokotala wanu. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo kumatha kuthandizira kukonza malingaliro anu ataliatali.