Momwe mungadziwire mitral stenosis ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za mitral stenosis
• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe muyenera kuchitira
• Zovuta zotheka

Mitral stenosis ikufanana ndi kukhathamiritsa ndi kuwerengera kwa mitral valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutseguka kocheperako komwe kumalola magazi kudutsa kuchokera ku atrium kupita ku ventricle. Valavu ya mitral, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti bicuspid valavu, ndi mawonekedwe amtima omwe amalekanitsa atrium yakumanzere ndi ventricle wakumanzere.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukula kwa malo opatsira magazi, mitral stenosis itha kugawidwa mu:

• Wofatsa mitral stenosis, amene kutsegula kwa magazi kuchokera ku atrium kupita ku ventricle kuli pakati pa 1.5 ndi 4 cm;
• Mitral stenosis yochepa, amene kutsegula kwake kuli pakati pa 1 ndi 1.5 cm;
• Matral stenosis owopsa, amene kutsegula kwake ndi kochepera 1 cm.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuwoneka pamene stenosis ndiyochepa kapena yayikulu, chifukwa magazi amayambira kukhala ovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma movutikira, kutopa kosavuta ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, mwachitsanzo, kufuna kupita kwa katswiri wa zamankhwala kuti akatsimikizire. anayamba.

Zizindikiro za mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis sichimakhala ndi zizindikilo, komabe ena amatha kuyamba atachita khama, monga:

• Kutopa kosavuta;
• Kumva kupuma pang'ono, makamaka usiku, kugona tulo kapena kugona kumbuyo;
• Chizungulire mukadzuka;
• Kupweteka pachifuwa;
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kukhala kwachilendo kapena kutsika;
• Nkhope yapinki.

Kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo amatha kumva akumenyetsa komanso kutsokomola magazi ngati pali chotupa cha mtsempha kapena capillaries wa m'mapapo. Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa kutsokomola magazi.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha mitral stenosis ndi rheumatic fever, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya a Streptococcus pneumoniae, omwe kuphatikizaponso kuyambitsa kutupa pakhosi, amachititsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chitulutse ma autoantibodies, omwe amatsogolera ku kutupa kwa mafupa ndipo, mwina kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mtima. Onani momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiza rheumatic fever.

Pafupipafupi, mitral stenosis imabadwa, ndiye kuti, imabadwa ndi mwana, ndipo imatha kudziwika pamayeso omwe amachitika atangobadwa kumene. Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa mitral stenosis zomwe ndizochulukirapo kuposa congenital stenosis ndi: systemic lupus erythematosus, nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, matenda a Fabry, matenda a Whipple, amyloidosis ndi chotupa cha mtima.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Matendawa amapangidwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala kudzera pakuwunika kwa zomwe wodwalayo amafotokoza, kuphatikiza pakuchita mayeso ena, monga chifuwa cha radiography, electrocardiogram ndi echocardiogram. Onani zomwe zapangidwira komanso momwe echocardiogram imapangidwira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakakhala kubadwa kwa mitral stenosis, adotolo amatha kupanga matendawa kuchokera pamtima, momwe kungamvekere mtima wamatenda. Onani momwe mungazindikire kung'ung'udza kwamtima.

Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Chithandizo cha mitral stenosis chimachitika malinga ndi zomwe katswiri wa zamatenda amamuwuza, ndimankhwala amomwe amawonetsera malinga ndi zosowa za wodwalayo. Chithandizochi chimachitika nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito beta blockers, calcium antagonists, diuretics ndi anticoagulants, zomwe zimalola mtima kugwira bwino ntchito, kuthetsa zizindikilo ndikupewa zovuta.

Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri ya mitral stenosis, akatswiri a mtima angalimbikitse opaleshoni kuti akonze kapena kusintha mitral valve. Dziwani momwe post-operative ndi kuchira kwa opaleshoni yamtima zili ngati.

Zovuta zotheka

Monga momwe mitral stenosis imavutikira potumiza magazi kuchokera ku atrium kupita ku ventricle, ventricle yakumanzere imapulumuka ndipo imakhalabe yayikulu. Komabe, popeza pali magazi ochulukirapo mu atrium yakumanzere, mphindikati imakonda kukulira kukula, komwe kumathandizira kuwonekera kwamatenda amtima monga matenda a atrial fibrillation, mwachitsanzo. Pakadali pano, wodwalayo angafunike kugwiritsa ntchito ma anticoagulants amkamwa kuti achepetse chiwopsezo cha sitiroko.

Kuphatikiza apo, momwe atrium yakumanzere imalandirira magazi kuchokera m'mapapu, ngati pakhala magazi ochulukirapo kudzanja lamanzere, mapapo zimawavuta kutumiza magazi omwe amafikira pamtima. Chifukwa chake, mapapo amatha kukhala ndi magazi ambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, atha kunyowetsedwa, ndikupangitsa edema yoyipa yam'mapapo. Dziwani zambiri za pachimake m'mapapo mwanga edema.