Kulephera Kwamaofesi

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za ntchito yayikulu
• Zizindikiro zakusokonekera kwa wamkulu ndi ziti?
• kusokonezeka
• kukhumudwa
• matenda osokoneza bongo
• schizophrenia
• Matenda osokoneza bongo a fetal
• kulephera kuphunzira
• autism
• Matenda a Alzheimer's
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa
• kupanikizika kapena kugona tulo

Kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu, makamaka ngati pakhala pali vuto lina lobwera kutsogolo. Ma lobes anu akutsogolo amakhudzana ndimakhalidwe ndi kuphunzira, komanso malingaliro apamwamba monga kukonzekera ndi dongosolo.

Palinso kuti ntchito yayikulu imatha kukhala yoloŵa.

Kodi ntchito yoyang'anira imapezeka bwanji?

Kodi kulephera kwa akulu kumathandizidwa bwanji?

Kodi chiyembekezo chakuyendetsa bwino ntchito ndi chiyani?

Kodi Executive Executive ndi chiyani?

Ntchito yayikulu ndi gulu la maluso omwe amakuthandizani kuchita zinthu monga:

• Khalani tcheru
• kumbukirani zambiri
• zochuluka

Malusowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu:

• kukonzekera
• bungwe
• kupanga njira
• kumvetsera zazing'ono
• kasamalidwe ka nthawi

Maluso awa amayamba kukulira azaka ziwiri ndipo amapangidwa kwathunthu ali ndi zaka 30.

Kulephera kwa Executive kumatha kufotokozera zovuta pazinthu izi kapena machitidwe. Ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto lina kapena chifukwa cha chochitika monga kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo.

Nthawi zina kusagwira bwino ntchito kumatchedwa Executive function disorder (EFD). EFD siyimadziwika kuchipatala mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways (DSM) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi azachipatala.

Zitsanzo za ntchito yayikulu

Ntchito zoyang'anira (EFs) ndi gulu lamaganizidwe. Ndikuti pali ntchito zitatu zoyang'anira:

• chopinga, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kudziletsa komanso kusankha mosamala
• kukumbukira kukumbukira
• kusinthasintha kwazidziwitso

Izi zimapanga mizu yomwe ntchito zina zimayambira. Ntchito zina zazikuluzikulu ndi monga:

• kulingalira
• kuthetsa mavuto
• kukonzekera

Ntchitozi ndizofunikira pakukula bwino. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yanu kapena kusukulu.

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ma EF amawonetsedwa pazinthu monga:

• kutha "kupita ndi mayendedwe" ngati mapulani asintha
• kuchita homuweki pomwe mukufunadi kutuluka panja ndikusewera
• kukumbukira kutenga mabuku anu onse ndi homuweki kunyumba
• kukumbukira zomwe muyenera kukatenga m'sitolo
• kutsatira zopempha zovuta kapena mwatsatanetsatane kapena malangizo
• kutha kukonzekera ndikukwaniritsa ntchito

Zizindikiro zakusokonekera kwa wamkulu ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zakusagwira ntchito bwino zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli adzakhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kusokoneza mapepala, homuweki, kapena ntchito kapena zida kusukulu
• zovuta ndi kasamalidwe ka nthawi
• zovuta kukonza magawo
• kuvuta kusunga ofesi yanu kapena chipinda chogona
• kutaya zinthu zawo
• zovuta kuthana ndi zokhumudwitsa kapena zopinga
• vuto ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira kapena kutsatira mayendedwe amitundu yambiri
• kulephera kudziwunika wekha momwe akumvera kapena machitidwe

kusokonezeka

kukhumudwa

matenda osokoneza bongo

schizophrenia

Matenda osokoneza bongo a fetal

kulephera kuphunzira

autism

Matenda a Alzheimer's

mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa

kupanikizika kapena kugona tulo

Kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu, makamaka ngati pakhala pali vuto lina lobwera kutsogolo. Ma lobes anu akutsogolo amakhudzana ndimakhalidwe ndi kuphunzira, komanso malingaliro apamwamba monga kukonzekera ndi dongosolo.

Palinso kuti ntchito yayikulu imatha kukhala yoloŵa.

Kodi ntchito yoyang'anira imapezeka bwanji?

Palibe njira zodziwikiratu zakusokonekera kwa oyang'anira, chifukwa sizomwe zili mu DSM. M'malo mwake, kulephera kugwira bwino ntchito ndi gawo lofala pamavuto omwe tatchulidwa kale.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto lalikulu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Adzakufufuzani kuti awone ngati pali vuto lililonse mthupi lanu lomwe lingayambitse matenda anu. Akhozanso kukutumizirani kwa katswiri wa zamaubongo, wama psychologist, kapena audiologist kuti mukayesenso.

Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe amadziwika kuti kulephera kugwira bwino ntchito. Koma pali zida zingapo zowunikira komanso njira monga kuyankhulana kuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse, komanso ngati likugwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo kale.

Ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi ntchito yayikulu ya mwana wanu, inu ndi aphunzitsi awo mutha kulemba Maudindo a Makhalidwe a Executive Function. Izi zipereka chidziwitso chambiri pamakhalidwe.

Mayesero ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:

• Ma Conner 3, sikelo yoyeserera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ADD ndi EFD
• Zofooka za Barkley mu Executive Functioning Scale ya Akuluakulu
• Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Yoyang'anira

Kodi kulephera kwa akulu kumathandizidwa bwanji?

Kuthana ndi kulephera kwa oyang'anira ndi njira yopitilira ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ya moyo wonse. Chithandizo chimadalira momwe zinthu zilili komanso mitundu ya zovuta zomwe zilipo. Zitha kusiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi ndipo zimatengera ma EF omwe ndi ovuta.

Kwa ana, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu ingapo ya othandizira, kuphatikiza:

• othandizira kulankhula
• aphunzitsi
• akatswiri azamaganizidwe
• othandizira pantchito

Chithandizo chazidziwitso ndi mankhwala atha kukhala othandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Mankhwala omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zothanirana ndi kukanika kumathandizanso. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito:

• zolemba zomata
• mapulogalamu a bungwe
• zakale

Mankhwala akhala othandiza kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto la EF. Malinga ndi, ziwalo zaubongo wanu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu EFs zimagwiritsa ntchito dopamine ngati neurotransmitter yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, ma dopamine agonists ndi otsutsa akhala othandiza.

Kodi chiyembekezo chakuyendetsa bwino ntchito ndi chiyani?

Kulephera kwa Executive kumatha kusokoneza moyo, sukulu, komanso ntchito ngati sanalandire chithandizo. Mukazindikira, pali mankhwala ndi njira zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kukonza ma EF. Izi zithandizanso magwiridwe antchito ndi ntchito kusukulu ndikuwongolera moyo wanu kapena wamwana wanu.

Nkhani zomwe zili ndi ntchito yayikulu zimatha kuchiritsidwa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inu kapena mwana wanu mungakhale ndi mavuto a EF, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.