Kodi Kusintha Kumakhudza Bwanji Masewera a Transgender Athletic?

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M'mwezi wa Juni, a Caitlyn Jenner omwe kale adatchedwa Bruce Jenner-adalandira mendulo yagolide ya Olimpiki. Inali mphindi yamvula mchaka chimodzi pomwe nkhani za transgender zakhala zikupanga mitu yambiri. Tsopano, Jenner amawerengedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika poyera a transgender padziko lapansi. Koma asanakhale chithunzi cha transgender, asanakhaleko Kuyanjana ndi a Kardashians, iye anali wothamanga. Ndipo kusintha kwake pagulu mosakayikira kumamupangitsa kukhala wothamanga wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. (M'malo mwake, zolankhula zake zochokera pansi pamtima zinali chimodzi mwa Zinthu 10 Zodabwitsa Zomwe Zinachitika pa ESPY Awards.)

Ngakhale Jenner adasinthiratu atachita masewera othamanga, kuvomereza (pang'onopang'ono) kwa iwo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi transgender kumatanthauza kuti pali anthu ambiri kunja uko omwe ndi kusintha ndikusewera pamasewera ena. Mitu yatsopano imabwera sabata iliyonse-pali woyimira malamulo waku South Dakota yemwe akufuna kuti aziwunika maliseche a othamanga; njira yaku California yoletsa anthu odutsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zomwe asankha; chigamulo cha Ohio kuti othamanga azimayi aku sekondale akuyenera kuwunikidwa kuti awone ngati akuwonetsa mwayi wamtundu wa mafupa ndi minofu. Ngakhale kwa omwe ali ovuta kwambiri komanso othandizira pazoyambitsa za LGBT, ndizovuta kudziwa ngati pali njira "yolondola" yolola wina kusewera timu yomwe si amuna kapena akazi mosiyana ndi zomwe adapatsidwa pakubadwa - makamaka pankhani ya akazi opitilira muyeso , omwe amadziwika kuti ndi akazi koma mwachidziwikire amakhala ndi (ndikusunga) mphamvu, mphamvu, thupi, komanso kupirira kwamwamuna.

Zoonadi, zokumana nazo za kukhala wothamanga wa trans ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kungosintha tsitsi lanu ndikuwonera zikhozo. mayendedwe amasintha luso lamasewera momwe ena angaganizire.

Momwe Thupi la Trans limasinthira

Savannah Burton, wazaka 40, ndi mayi wakhama yemwe amasewera akatswiri a dodgeball. Adapikisana nawo pampikisano wapadziko lonse nthawi yachilimweyi ndi gulu la azimayi - koma adasewera timu yamwamuna asanayambe kusintha.

"Ndakhala ndikusewera masewera ambiri m'moyo wanga. Ndili mwana, ndinayesa zonse: hockey, kutsika kwa skiing, koma baseball ndi yomwe ndinayang'ana kwambiri," akutero. "Baseball chinali chikondi changa choyamba." Adasewera pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri ngakhale anali wamwamuna. Kenako kunabwera kuthamanga, kupalasa njinga, ndi dodgeball mu 2007, masewera atsopano kunja kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi akusukulu. Anali wazaka zingapo pantchito yake ya dodgeball pomwe adaganiza zopita kuchipatala kuti asinthe azaka zapakati pa makumi atatu.

"Ndimasewera mpira wa dodge pomwe ndimayamba kumwa ma testosterone blockers ndi estrogen," akukumbukira Burton. Anamva kusintha kovuta m'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira. "Ndinkatha kuwona kuti kuponya kwanga sikunali kovuta monga momwe zinaliri. Sindingathe kusewera momwemo. Sindingathe kupikisana pamlingo wofanana nawo."

Amalongosola kusintha kwa thupi komwe kunali kosangalatsa ngati munthu wa transgender komanso wowopsa ngati wothamanga. "Makina anga osewerera sanasinthe," akutero za kutha ndi kulumikizana kwake. "Koma mphamvu yanga ya minyewa idachepa kwambiri. Sindingaponye molimba." Kusiyanaku kunali kochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu mpira wa dodge, pomwe cholinga chake ndikuponya molimba komanso mwachangu pazomwe mukufuna anthu. Pamene Burton ankasewera ndi azibambo, mipira inkadumpha mwamphamvu kwambiri pazifuwa za anthu moti inkachita phokoso lalikulu. “Tsopano, anthu ambiri akugwira mipira imeneyi,” akutero. "Chifukwa chake zimakhala zokhumudwitsa motero." Ponyani ngati msungwana, zowonadi.

Zochitika za Burton ndizofanana ndi kusintha kwamwamuna ndi mkazi (MTF), atero a Robert S. Beil, MD, a Montefiore Medical Group. "Kutaya testosterone kumatanthauza kutaya mphamvu komanso kukhala ndi masewera othamanga ochepa," akufotokoza. "Sitikudziwa ngati testosterone imakhudza mphamvu ya minofu, koma popanda testosterone, imasungidwa pang'onopang'ono." Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayi amafunikira kulimbikira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti asunge minofu, pomwe amuna amawona zotsatira mwachangu.

Beil akuwonjezeranso kuti amuna amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndipo kusintha "kumatha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kutsika, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira komanso kupanga maselo ofiira amathandizidwa ndi testosterone." Maselo ofiira ofiira amathandizira kunyamula mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo kupita kumatumba anu; anthu amene amapatsidwa magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu komanso nyonga, pamene anthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi amakhala ofooka. Izi zitha kufotokozera chifukwa chomwe Burton adanenanso za kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kupirira, makamaka popita m'mawa.

Mafuta amagawananso, kuwapatsa mawere azimayi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, opindika. Alexandria Gutierrez, wazaka 28, ndi mzimayi wodutsa yemwe adayambitsa kampani yophunzitsa anthu, TRANSnFIT, yomwe imagwira ntchito yophunzitsa gulu la transgender. Anakhala zaka makumi awiri akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti achepetse thupi atagunda mapaundi a 220, koma adawona kuyesayesa konseku kukufewetsa pamaso pake pomwe adayamba kumwa estrogen zaka ziwiri zapitazo. “Zinalidi zowopsa,” akukumbukira motero. "Zaka zingapo zapitazo ndinkakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolemera za 35-pounds kwa reps. Lero, ndikuvutika kukweza dumbbell ya 20-pounds." Zinatenga chaka kugwira ntchito kuti abwerere ku manambala omwe adakoka asanasinthe.

Ndizolimbitsa thupi zomwe azimayi amaopa kukweza chifukwa safuna minofu yotupa, koma Gutierrez akutsimikizira azimayiwo kuti ndizovuta kufikira kumeneko. "Ndimatha kukweza zolemera zolemera, ndipo minofu yanga siyisintha," akutero. "M'malo mwake, ndidayesetsa kuchulukitsa, monga kuyesa, ndipo sizinagwire ntchito."

Kusintha kosintha kwa akazi kukhala amuna (FTM) kumalandila zochepa pamasewera, koma tiyenera kudziwa kuti, inde, amuna otumiza chitani nthawi zambiri amamva zotsutsana, ngakhale posachedwa chifukwa testosterone ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. "Zitha kutenga zaka kuti mukhale ndi thupi lomwe mukufuna nthawi zonse, koma testosterone imapangitsa kuti zichitike mofulumira kwambiri," akufotokoza motero Beil. "Zimasintha mphamvu zanu ndi liwiro lanu komanso kuthekera koyankha masewera olimbitsa thupi." Inde, ndizabwino kwambiri kukhala mwamuna mukamafuna ma biceps akulu ndi six-pack abs.

Kodi Ntchito Yaikulu Ndi Chiyani?

Kaya akhale wamwamuna kapena wamkazi kapena mosemphanitsa, mawonekedwe a fupa la munthu sangathe kusintha kwambiri. Ngati munabadwa mkazi, mumatha kukhala wamfupi, wocheperako, komanso kukhala ndi mafupa ochepa kwambiri pambuyo pa kusintha; ngati wabadwa wamwamuna, umakhala wokulirapo, wokulirapo, komanso wamafupa olimba. Ndipo m’menemo muli mkangano.

"Munthu wamtundu wa FTM amatha kukhala osowa chifukwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono," akutero Beil. "Koma MTF trans anthu amakonda kukhala okulirapo, ndipo atha kukhala ndi mphamvu zina kuyambira asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito estrogen."

Ndizabwino izi zomwe zikubweretsa mafunso ovuta kumabungwe othamanga padziko lonse lapansi. "Ndikuganiza kuti kusekondale kapena mabungwe othamanga, ndizosiyana pang'ono kuti anthu azinyalanyaza," akutero. "Ndi funso lovuta kwambiri pamene mukukamba za othamanga apamwamba."

Koma othamanga ena amatsutsa kuti kulibe mwayi. "Mtsikana wodutsa alibe mphamvu kuposa atsikana," akutero Gutierrez. "Ndi nkhani yamaphunziro. Ichi ndichikhalidwe chathunthu." Trans * Athlete, chida chapaintaneti, chimatsata ndondomeko zomwe zilipo kwa othamanga pamitundu yosiyanasiyana mdziko lonselo. Komiti Yadziko Lonse ya Olimpiki, imodzi, yalengeza kuti ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi atha kupikisana nawo gulu la jenda lomwe amadzidziwika nalo, malinga ngati amaliza maopaleshoni akunja ndikusintha mwalamulo jenda.

"Sayansi kumbuyo [kusintha] ndikuti palibe phindu kwa othamanga. Ndilo limodzi mwa mavuto aakulu omwe ndili nawo ndi malangizo a IOC, "Burton akuumirira. Inde, akatswiri othamanga amaloledwa kuchita nawo mpikisano wa Olimpiki. Koma pofuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya maliseche poyamba, IOC yapanga chilengezo chawo chomwe chimatanthauza kukhala transgender; sizimaganizira kuti anthu ena ochita opaleshoni samachitidwa opaleshoni - chifukwa sangakwanitse, sakanatha kuchira, kapena sakufuna. "Anthu ambiri amawona kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri," akutero Burton.

Ngakhale azimayi awiriwa adataya luso lawo lamasewera, akuti zabwino zosintha zimaposa zoyipa.

"Ndinali wokonzeka kusiya chilichonse kuti ndisinthe, ngakhale zimandipha," akutero Burton. "Imeneyi inali njira yokhayo kwa ine. Ndimamva ngati, zingakhale bwino ndikadatha kusewera masewera pambuyo pa izi, koma inali bonasi. Chowonadi chakuti ndimatha kusewera nditasintha ndichodabwitsa."

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