Khansa Imafalikira Mofulumira

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Chifukwa chake khansa imafalikira
• Khansa yofulumira kwambiri komanso yofulumira kwambiri
• Kodi ndi magawo ati okhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa khansa
• Kukula kwa chotupa ndikufalikira
• Zotupa za Benign
• Zotupa zoyipa
• Momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito poletsa kufalikira kwa khansa
• Opaleshoni
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo chofuna
• Chitetezo chamatenda
• Kutenga khungu kapena mafupa
• Kutenga

Chidule

Thupi lathu limapangidwa ndi maselo mabiliyoni ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, maselo atsopano amasintha maselo akale kapena owonongeka akamwalira.

Nthawi zina, DNA ya selo imawonongeka. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kuyang'anira maselo ochepa achilendo kuti asawononge thupi lathu.

Khansa imachitika pakakhala ma cell osazolowereka kuposa momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimatha. M'malo momwalira, maselo abwinobwino amapitilizabe kukula ndikugawana, kutundana ngati zotupa. Pamapeto pake, kukula kosalamulirika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maselo abwinobwino alowerere matupi ozungulira.

Pali mitundu ya khansa yomwe imadziwika ndi ziphuphu kapena ziwalo zomwe zimayambira. Onse amatha kufalitsa, koma ena ndi achiwawa kuposa ena.

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe momwe khansa imafalikira, momwe idapangidwira, komanso momwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwirira ntchito.

Chifukwa chake khansa imafalikira

Maselo a khansa samayankha pakamawauza kuti ndi nthawi yoti afe, chifukwa chake amapitilira kugawa ndikuchulukirachulukira. Ndipo iwo ndi abwino kwambiri pobisalira chitetezo cha mthupi.

Maselo a khansa akadali m'matumba omwe adayamba, amatchedwa carcinoma in situ (CIS). Maselowo akangotuluka kunja kwa khungu, amatchedwa khansa yowopsa.

Kufalikira kwa khansa pomwe idayambira kupita kumalo ena kumatchedwa metastasis. Ziribe kanthu komwe kumafalikira mthupi, khansa idatchulidwabe komwe idayambira. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya prostate yomwe yafalikira pachiwindi ndi khansa ya prostate, osati khansa ya chiwindi, ndipo chithandizo chimawonetsa izi.

Ngakhale zotupa zolimba zili mbali ya mitundu yambiri ya khansa, sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, leukemias ndi khansa ya magazi yomwe madokotala amatcha "zotupa zamadzi."

Momwemo momwe maselo a khansa adzafalikire motsatira zimadalira komwe amapezeka mthupi, koma zikuyenera kufalikira pafupi kaye. Khansa imafalikira kudzera:

• Minofu. Chotupa chomwe chikukula chimatha kudutsa m'matumba ozungulira kapena ziwalo. Maselo a khansa ochokera pachotupa choyambirira amatha kutuluka ndikupanga zotupa zatsopano pafupi.
• Mitsempha ya m'mimba. Maselo a khansa ochokera pachotupacho amatha kulowa m'mitsempha yapafupi. Kuchokera pamenepo, amatha kuyenda m'matumbo onse ndikuyamba zotupa zatsopano m'mbali zina za thupi.
• Magazi. Zotupa zolimba zimafunikira mpweya ndi michere ina kuti zikule. Kupyolera mu njira yotchedwa angiogenesis, zotupa zimatha kupangitsa kupanga mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi kuti athe kukhalabe ndi moyo. Maselo amathanso kulowa m'magazi ndikupita kumalo akutali.

Khansa yofulumira kwambiri komanso yofulumira kwambiri

Maselo a khansa omwe amawonongeka kwambiri (osasiyanitsidwa bwino) nthawi zambiri amakula msanga kuposa ma cell a khansa omwe sanawonongeke (osiyanitsidwa bwino). Kutengera momwe amawonekera modabwitsa ndi microscope, zotupa zimayikidwa motere:

• GX: osatsimikizika
• G1: kusiyanitsidwa bwino kapena kutsika pang'ono
• G2: kusiyanitsa pang'ono kapena kwapakatikati
• G3: osiyanitsidwa bwino kapena apamwamba
• G4: osasankhidwa kapena apamwamba

Khansa zina zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndi:

• Khansa ya m'mawere, monga estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) ndi anthu epidermal kukula factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-)
• Matenda a m'magazi (CLL)
• Khansa yam'matumbo ndi thumbo
• mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya prostate

Khansa zina, monga khansa ya prostate, zimatha kukula pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti dokotala angakulimbikitseni "kuyembekezera mwachidwi" m'malo mongolandira chithandizo mwachangu. Ena sangasowe chithandizo.

Zitsanzo za khansa zomwe zikukula mwachangu ndi izi:

• pachimake lymphoblastic khansa ya m'magazi (ZONSE) ndi pachimake myeloid khansa ya m'magazi (AML)
• Khansa zina za m'mawere, monga khansa ya m'mawere yotupa (IBC) ndi khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu (TNBC)
• lalikulu B-cell lymphoma
• khansa ya m'mapapo
• Khansa yapadera ya prostate monga ma cell-cell carcinomas kapena ma lymphomas

Kukhala ndi khansa yomwe ikukula mwachangu sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi chiyembekezo chochepa. Zambiri mwa khansa izi zitha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Ndipo khansa zina sizimakula msanga, koma zimangopezeka kuti sizizindikirika mpaka zitakwanira.

Kodi ndi magawo ati okhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa khansa

Khansa imagawidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa chotupa komanso kutalika komwe kufalikira panthawi yodziwitsa. Magawo amathandizira madotolo kusankha mankhwala omwe angagwire ntchito ndikuwapatsa chiyembekezo.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi ndipo ina imafotokozeredwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Awa ndi magawo oyambira a khansa:

• Mu situ. Maselo opatsirana khansa apezeka, koma sanafalikire kumatupi ozungulira.
• Zapafupi Maselo a khansa sanafalikire kupitirira pomwe adayambira.
• Zachigawo. Khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node, ziwalo, kapena ziwalo zapafupi.
• Kutali. Khansara yafika ku ziwalo zakutali kapena minofu.
• Zosadziwika. Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chodziwitsa bwalolo.

Kapena:

• Gawo 0 kapena CIS. Maselo achilendo apezeka koma sanafalikire m'matumba oyandikana nawo. Izi zimatchedwanso precancer.
• Gawo 1, 2, ndi 3. Matendawa a khansa amatsimikiziridwa. Ziwerengerozi zikuyimira kukula kwa chotupa chachikulu komanso momwe khansara yafalikira.
• Gawo 4. Khansara yawonjezeka kumadera akutali a thupi.

Lipoti lanu la kudwala lingagwiritse ntchito njira ya TNM, yomwe imapereka zambiri mwatsatanetsatane motere:

T: Kukula kwa chotupa choyambirira

• TX: chotupa choyambirira sichingayesedwe
• T0: chotupa choyambirira sichingapezeke
• T1, T2, T3, T4: amafotokoza kukula kwa chotupa choyambirira komanso kutalika kwake komwe kumakula kukhala minofu yoyandikana nayo

N: Chiwerengero cha ma lymph node omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa

• NX: khansa m'matumba oyandikira pafupi sangayesedwe
• N0: palibe khansa yomwe imapezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi
• N1, N2, N3: imafotokoza kuchuluka ndi malo am'mimba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa

M: Kaya khansa yasintha kapena ayi

• MX: metastasis sangayesedwe
• M0: khansa siinafalikire mbali zina za thupi
• M1: khansa yafalikira

Chifukwa chake, gawo lanu la khansa limawoneka ngati ili: T2N1M0.

Kukula kwa chotupa ndikufalikira

Zotupa za Benign

Zotupa za Benign sizikhala ndi khansa. Amakhala ndi maselo abwinobwino ndipo sangathe kulowa mthupi pafupi kapena ziwalo zina. Zotupa za Benign zingayambitse mavuto angapo ngati:

• ndizokwanira kutengera ziwalo, zimapweteka, kapena zimawononga
• zili muubongo
• kumasula mahomoni omwe amakhudza machitidwe amthupi

Zotupa za Benign nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa opaleshoni ndipo sizimatha kukula.

Zotupa zoyipa

Zotupa za khansa zimatchedwa zilonda. Maselo a khansa amapangidwa pamene zovuta za DNA zimapangitsa jini kuchita mosiyana ndi momwe liyenera kukhalira. Zitha kukula kukhala minofu yapafupi, kufalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymph system, ndikufalikira thupi. Zotupa zoyipa zimakula msanga kuposa zotupa zosaopsa.

Momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito poletsa kufalikira kwa khansa

Nthawi zambiri, ndizosavuta kuchiza khansa isanakhale ndi mwayi wofalitsa. Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa khansa komanso gawo. Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mankhwala opitilira umodzi.

Opaleshoni

Kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kumatha kukhala mankhwala oyamba. Pamene opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chotupa, dokotalayo amachotsanso kachigawo kakang'ono ka minofu kuzungulira chotupacho kuti achepetse mwayi wosiya maselo a khansa kumbuyo.

Opaleshoni imathandizanso kukhazikitsa khansa. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa ma lymph node pafupi ndi chotupa kumatha kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira kwanuko.

Mwinanso mungafunike chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiation mutatha opaleshoni. Izi zitha kukhala zotetezeranso ngati ma cell a khansa atatsalira kapena atafika m'magazi kapena m'mitsempha.

Ngati chotupa sichingachotsedwe kotheratu, dokotalayo akhoza kuchotsabe gawo lake. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza ngati chotupacho chimayambitsa kukakamira kwa chiwalo kapena kupweteka.

Thandizo la radiation

Poizoniyu imagwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kwambiri kupha ma cell a khansa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Magetsi amawunikira gawo linalake la thupi komwe khansa yapezeka.

Poizoniyu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga chotupa kapena kupweteka. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pochitidwa opaleshoni kuti ikhudze maselo amtundu uliwonse a khansa omwe mwina adatsalira.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi njira yothandizira. Mankhwala a Chemo amalowa m'magazi anu ndikuyenda mthupi lanu lonse kuti mupeze ndikuwononga maselo omwe amagawa mwachangu.

Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha khansa, kuchepetsa kukula kwake, ndikuchepetsa mwayi woti zotupa zatsopano zipangike. Ndiwothandiza khansa ikafalikira kupitilira chotupa choyambirira kapena ngati muli ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe palibe njira zochiritsira.

Chithandizo chofuna

Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayikidwa zimadalira mtundu wina wa khansa, koma si khansa yonse yomwe yakhazikitsa njira zochiritsira. Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi mapuloteni omwe amalola zotupa kukula ndikufalikira.

Angiogenesis inhibitors imasokoneza zikwangwani zomwe zimalola zotupa kupanga mitsempha yatsopano ndikupitiliza kukula. Mankhwalawa amathanso kupangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi yomwe idalipo kale ife, yomwe imatha kufufuta chotupacho.

Mitundu ina ya khansa, monga prostate komanso khansa yambiri ya m'mawere, imafunikira mahomoni kuti ikule. Thandizo la mahormone limatha kuyimitsa thupi lanu kuti lisatulutse mahomoni omwe amadyetsa khansa. Ena amaletsa mahomoni amenewo kuti asamagwirizane ndi maselo a khansa. Thandizo la mahomoni limathandizanso kupewa kubwereza.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Ma immunotherapies amalimbikitsa mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi khansa. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuthandizira kuzindikira ma cell a khansa.

Kutenga khungu kapena mafupa

Kuika kwa tsinde, komwe nthawi zina kumatchedwa kuti kukweza mafuta m'mafupa, kumalowetsa m'malo am'magazi opangika magazi omwe ali ndi thanzi. Njirayi imachitika potsatira chemotherapy yayikulu kapena mankhwala a radiation kupha ma cell a khansa ndikuletsa ma cell anu opangira kuti asatulukire khansa.

Kuika ma cell a stem kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu ingapo ya khansa, kuphatikiza ma myeloma angapo ndi mitundu ina ya leukemia.

Kutenga

Khansa si matenda amodzi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa. Ena ndi owopsa kuposa ena, koma pali zosintha zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.

Katswiri wanu wa zamankhwala amatha kukupatsani chidziwitso chazovuta zamtundu wina wa khansa kutengera zomwe lipoti lanu limanena.