Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a Lyme

Zamkati

• Kodi matenda a Lyme ndi chiyani?
• Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme
• Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme mwa ana
• Chithandizo cha matenda a Lyme
• Matenda a Lyme
• Zizindikiro za matenda a Post-Lyme
• Kodi matenda a Lyme ndi opatsirana?
• Matenda a Lyme magawo
• Gawo 1: Matenda oyambilira
• Gawo 2: Matenda a Lyme amafalikira msanga
• Gawo 3: Kuchedwa kumafalitsa matenda a Lyme
• Matenda a Lyme
• Kupewa matenda a Lyme
• Matenda a Lyme amayambitsa
• Matenda a Lyme
• Kukhala ndi matenda a Lyme
• Chizindikiro cha matenda a Lyme

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kodi matenda a Lyme ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Lyme ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya Borrelia burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi imafalikira kwa anthu mwa kulumidwa ndi nthata yakuda kapena nkhupakupa. Nkhupakupa imatenga kachiromboka itadya nswala, mbalame, kapena mbewa.

Chizindikiro chiyenera kukhalapo pakhungu kwa maola osachepera 36 kuti afalitse matendawa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme samakumbukira kuluma kwa nkhupakupa.

Matenda a Lyme adadziwika koyamba m'tawuni ya Old Lyme, Connecticut, mchaka cha 1975. Ndi matenda ofala kwambiri m'makeke ku Europe ndi United States.

Anthu omwe amakhala kapena amakhala nthawi yamatabwa omwe amadziwika kuti amafalitsa matendawa atha kudwala. Anthu omwe ali ndi ziweto zomwe zimayendera madera okhala ndi nkhalango nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Lyme.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme amatha kuchita nawo mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zizindikilozo zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Ngakhale matenda a Lyme amagawika magawo atatu - oyambira kumaloko, kufalitsa koyambirira, ndikuchedwa kufalitsa - zizindikilo zimatha kupezeka. Anthu ena adzawonekanso pambuyo pake popanda matendawa.

Izi ndi zina mwazizindikiro za matenda a Lyme:

• zotupa zozungulira, zozungulira zomwe zimawoneka ngati chowulungika chofiira kapena diso la ng'ombe kulikonse pathupi lanu
• kutopa
• kupweteka pamodzi ndi kutupa
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• mutu
• malungo
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa
• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• zovuta kukhazikika

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani ngati ali ndi izi.

Dziwani zambiri za matenda a Lyme.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme mwa ana

Ana amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofananira za matenda a Lyme ngati achikulire.

Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi:

• kutopa
• kulumikizana ndi minofu
• malungo
• zizindikiro zina zonga chimfine

Zizindikirozi zimatha kupezeka matendawa, kapena miyezi kapena zaka pambuyo pake.

Mwana wanu atha kukhala ndi matenda a Lyme osakhala ndi zotupa m'maso mwa ng'ombe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyambirira, zotsatira zidawonetsa pafupifupi 89% ya ana anali ndi totupa.

Chithandizo cha matenda a Lyme

Matenda a Lyme amachiritsidwa bwino kumayambiriro. Chithandizo cha matenda am'deralo koyambirira ndi njira yosavuta ya masiku 10 mpaka 14 ya maantibayotiki am'kamwa kuti athetse matendawa.

Mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda a Lyme ndi awa:

• doxycycline, amoxicillin, kapena cefuroxime, omwe ndi mankhwala oyamba mwa akulu ndi ana
• cefuroxime ndi amoxicillin, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira amayi omwe akuyamwitsa kapena akuyamwitsa

Ma intravenous (IV) maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatenda amtundu wina wa Lyme, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena chapakati (CNS).

Pambuyo pokonzanso ndikumaliza chithandizo chamankhwala, othandizira azaumoyo amasintha kupita ku regimen yamlomo. Njira yathunthu yamankhwala nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku 14-28.

, Chizindikiro chakumapeto kwa matenda a Lyme chomwe chitha kupezeka mwa anthu ena, amachizidwa ndi maantibayotiki akumwa kwa masiku 28.

Matenda a Lyme

Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha matenda a Lyme okhala ndi maantibayotiki koma mukupitilizabe kukhala ndi zizindikilo, amatchedwa post Lyme matenda kapena chithandizo chamankhwala cha Lyme.

Pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme amadwala matendawa, malinga ndi nkhani ya 2016 yofalitsidwa mu New England Journal of Medicine. Choyambitsa sichikudziwika.

Matenda a Post-Lyme angakhudze kuyenda kwanu komanso luso lotha kuzindikira. Chithandizo chimangoyang'ana pakuchepetsa ululu komanso kusapeza bwino. Anthu ambiri amachira, koma zimatha kutenga miyezi kapena zaka.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Post-Lyme

Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme matenda ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika koyambirira.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• kutopa
• kuvuta kugona
• kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena minofu
• kupweteka kapena kutupa m'malo anu akulu, monga mawondo, mapewa, kapena zigongono
• kuvuta kulingalira ndi mavuto akumbukiro kwakanthawi
• mavuto olankhula

Kodi matenda a Lyme ndi opatsirana?

Palibe umboni kuti matenda a Lyme amapatsirana pakati pa anthu. Komanso, malinga ndi, amayi apakati sangathe kufalitsa matendawa kwa mwana wawo kudzera mkaka wawo.

Matenda a Lyme ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa zakuda. Mabakiteriyawa amapezeka m'madzi amthupi, koma palibe umboni kuti matenda a Lyme amatha kufalikira kwa munthu wina kudzera mukuyetsemula, kutsokomola, kapena kupsompsona.

Palibenso umboni wosonyeza kuti matenda a Lyme amatha kupatsirana pogonana kapena kufalikira kudzera magazi.

Dziwani zambiri za matenda a Lyme.

Matenda a Lyme magawo

Matenda a Lyme amatha kuchitika m'magulu atatu:

• zoyambirira
• kufalikira koyambirira
• kufalitsa mochedwa

Zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo zimatengera nthawi yomwe matendawa aliri.

Matenda a Lyme amakula mosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena omwe ali nawo samadutsa magawo onse atatu.

Gawo 1: Matenda oyambilira

Zizindikiro za matenda a Lyme nthawi zambiri zimayamba patadutsa milungu iwiri kapena iwiri kuchokera pamene nkhuku yaluma. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira zamatendawa ndikutuluka kwamaso kwa ng'ombe.

Kutupa kumachitika pomwe kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, nthawi zambiri, koma osati nthawi zonse, ngati malo ofiira apakati ozunguliridwa ndi malo omveka bwino okhala ndi kufiyira m'mphepete. Zitha kukhala zotentha mpaka kukhudza, koma sizopweteka komanso sizimva. Izi zidzatha pang'onopang'ono mwa anthu ambiri.

Dzina lovomerezeka la kuthamanga uku ndi erythema migrans. Anthu othawa kwawo ku Erythema amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a Lyme. Komabe, anthu ambiri alibe chizindikiro ichi.

Anthu ena ali ndi zotupa zomwe ndizofiira kwambiri, pomwe anthu okhala ndi mdima wandiweyani amatha kukhala ndi zotupa zomwe zimafanana ndi chotupa.

Kuthamanga kumatha kuchitika kapena popanda mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma virus kapena chimfine.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimawoneka pagawo lino la matenda a Lyme ndi monga:

• kuzizira
• malungo
• ma lymph node owonjezera
• chikhure
• masomphenya amasintha
• kutopa
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kupweteka mutu

Gawo 2: Matenda a Lyme amafalikira msanga

Matenda a Lyme omwe amafalikira koyambirira amapezeka milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo nkhuku italuma.

Mudzakhala ndikudzimva kuti simukukhala bwino, ndipo ziphuphu zitha kuwoneka m'malo ena osati kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa.

Gawo ili la matendawa limadziwika kwambiri ndiumboni wa matenda amachitidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matenda afalikira mthupi lonse, kuphatikiza ziwalo zina.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• zotupa zingapo za erythema multiforme (EM)
• kusokonezeka kwamphamvu pamtima, komwe kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi Lyme carditis
• minyewa, monga dzanzi, kumva kulasalasa, nkhope ndi khungu laminyewa, ndi meninjaitisi

Zizindikiro za magawo 1 ndi 2 amatha kulumikizana.

Gawo 3: Kuchedwa kumafalitsa matenda a Lyme

Matenda a Lyme omwe amafalitsidwa mochedwa amatenga matendawa asanalandire gawo 1 ndi 2. Gawo 3 limatha kuchitika patatha miyezi kapena zaka chikwangwani chitaluma.

Gawo ili limadziwika ndi:

• nyamakazi ya chimodzi kapena zingapo zazikulu zimfundo
• kusokonezeka kwaubongo, monga encephalopathy, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa kuiwala kwakanthawi kochepa, kuvuta kuyang'ana, kuwopsya kwamaganizidwe, zovuta zokambirana zotsatirazi komanso kusokonezeka kwa kugona
• dzanzi m'manja, miyendo, manja, kapena mapazi

Matenda a Lyme

Kuzindikira matenda a Lyme kumayamba ndikuwunikanso mbiri yanu yaumoyo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kufunafuna malipoti olumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kapena malo okhala.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayesetsanso kuyesa thupi kuti awone ngati pali zotupa kapena zizindikiritso zina za matenda a Lyme.

Kuyesedwa pakatikati pa kachilombo koyambirira sikuvomerezeka.

Kuyezetsa magazi ndikodalirika patangotha ​​milungu ingapo kuchokera pomwe kachiromboka kanayamba, ma antibodies akupezeka. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso otsatirawa:

• Mankhwala a immunosorbent assay (ELISA) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi enzyme amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ma antibodies omwe amatsutsana nawo B. burgdorferi.
• Western blot imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuyesa kwa ELISA. Imafufuza ngati pali ma antibodies ku enieni B. burgdorferi mapuloteni.
• amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi ya Lyme kapena matenda amanjenje. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu olumikizana kapena cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Kuyesa kwa PCR pa CSF kuti mupeze matenda a Lyme sikulimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa chotsika kwambiri. Chiyeso cholakwika sichimathetsa matendawa. Mosiyana ndi izi, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za PCR mumadzimadzi olumikizana ngati ayesedwa asanafike mankhwala.

Kupewa matenda a Lyme

Kupewa matenda a Lyme makamaka kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chongoluma.

Chitani izi popewa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa:

• Valani mathalauza ataliatali ndi malaya a mikono yayitali mukakhala panja.
• Pangani bwalo lanu kukhala losakondweretsana ndi nkhupakupa pochotsa malo okhala ndi matabwa, osagwiritsa ntchito burashi laling'ono, ndikuyika milu yamatabwa m'malo okhala ndi dzuwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo. Mmodzi wokhala ndi 10% DEET adzakutetezani pafupifupi maola awiri. Musagwiritse ntchito DEET yochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zikufunika panthawi yomwe mudzakhale panja, ndipo musazigwiritse ntchito m'manja mwa ana aang'ono kapena nkhope za ana osakwana miyezi iwiri.
• Mafuta a bulugamu a mandimu amateteza chimodzimodzi ndi DEET akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ofanana. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka zitatu.
• Khalani tcheru. Chongani ana anu, ziweto, ndi nokha nkhupakupa. Ngati mwakhala ndi matenda a Lyme, musaganize kuti simungatenge kachilomboka. Mutha kutenga matenda a Lyme kangapo.
• Chotsani nkhupakupa ndi zopalira. Ikani zotsekemera pafupi ndi mutu kapena pakamwa pa nkhupakupa ndikukoka pang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsimikiza kuti ziwalo zonse zazing'onoting'ono zachotsedwa.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo ngati nkhupakupa ikulumani inu kapena okondedwa anu.

Dziwani zambiri za momwe mungapewere matenda a Lyme nkhupakupa ikakuluma.

Matenda a Lyme amayambitsa

Matenda a Lyme amayamba ndi bakiteriya Borrelia burgdorferi (ndipo kawirikawiri, Borrelia mayonii).

B. burgdorferi ndi kwa anthu kudzera mwa kuluma kwa nkhupakupa yakuda, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ndi nkhupakupa.

Malinga ndi CDC, nkhupakupa zakuda zimafalitsa matenda a Lyme kumpoto chakum'mawa, Mid-Atlantic, ndi North Central United States. Nkhupakupa zakumadzulo zakufa zimafalitsa matendawa ku Pacific Coast ku United States.

Matenda a Lyme

Nkhupakupa zomwe zili ndi bakiteriya B. burgdorferi imatha kulumikizana ndi gawo lililonse la thupi lanu. Amapezeka kwambiri m'malo amthupi lanu omwe ndi ovuta kuwona, monga kumutu, kumakhwapa, ndi kubuula.

Chizindikiro cha kachilomboka chiyenera kulumikizidwa mthupi lanu kwa maola osachepera 36 kuti mupititse bakiteriya.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Lyme adalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zosakhwima, zotchedwa nymphs. Nkhupakupa zazing'onozi ndizovuta kuziwona. Amadyetsa nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe. Nkhupakupa za anthu akuluakulu zimakhalanso ndi mabakiteriya, koma zimakhala zosavuta kuziwona ndipo zimatha kuchotsedwa musanazipereke.

Palibe umboni kuti matenda a Lyme amatha kupatsirana kudzera mumlengalenga, chakudya, kapena madzi. Palibenso umboni woti imatha kufalikira pakati pa anthu kudzera mukugwirana, kupsopsonana, kapena kugonana.

Kukhala ndi matenda a Lyme

Mukalandira chithandizo cha matenda a Lyme ndi maantibayotiki, zimatha kutenga milungu kapena miyezi kuti zizindikilo zonse ziwonongeke.

Mutha kutenga izi kuti zikuthandizeni kuchira:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso pewani zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri.
• Pezani mpumulo wambiri.
• Yesetsani kuchepetsa nkhawa.
• Tengani mankhwala oletsa kutupa ngati kuli kofunikira kuti muchepetse kupweteka komanso kusapeza bwino.

Chizindikiro cha matenda a Lyme

Malo ena ogulitsa amayeza amayesa nkhupakupa pa matenda a Lyme.

Ngakhale mungafune kuti nkhuku iyesedwe ikakuluma, (CDC) siyikulimbikitsa kuyesa pazifukwa izi:

• Malo opangira malonda omwe amapereka kuyezetsa nkhupakupa safunikira kuti akhale ndi miyezo yofanana yolamulira ngati ma laboratories azachipatala.
• Ngati nkhupakupa ikuyesa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda a Lyme.
• Zotsatira zoyipa zitha kukupangitsani kuganiza kuti simuli ndi kachilombo. Mukadalumidwa ndikudwala kachilombo kosiyana.
• Ngati mwakhala mukudwala matenda a Lyme, mwina mungayambe kuwonetsa zizindikiro musanalandire mayeso a nkhupakupa, ndipo simuyenera kudikirira kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo.