Chilonda Chachikulu

Zamkati

• Kumvetsetsa kupwetekedwa kwakukulu
• Zizindikiro za sitiroko
• Zimayambitsa sitiroko
• Chilonda cha ischemic
• Sitiroko yotaya magazi
• Zowopsa za sitiroko
• Kugonana
• Mtundu kapena mtundu
• Zinthu za moyo
• Mankhwala ndi matenda
• Zaka
• Kuzindikira kupwetekedwa mtima
• Chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha sitiroko yayikulu
• Chilonda cha ischemic
• Sitiroko yotaya magazi
• Zovuta zokhudzana ndi sitiroko yayikulu
• Kulimbana ndi sitiroko
• Kuthandiza osamalira odwala
• Kuwona kwakanthawi
• Kupewa sitiroko

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kumvetsetsa kupwetekedwa kwakukulu

Sitiroko ndi zomwe zimachitika magazi akamadutsa gawo lina laubongo adasokonezedwa. Zotsatira zake ndizakuti mpweya umasowa minofu yaubongo. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Kutha kuchira sitiroko kumadalira kuopsa kwa sitiroko komanso momwe mumalandirira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Sitiroko yayikulu imatha kupha, chifukwa imakhudza mbali zazikulu zaubongo. Koma kwa anthu ambiri omwe akudwala sitiroko, kuchira kumatenga nthawi yayitali, koma ndizotheka.

Zizindikiro za sitiroko

Kukula kwa zizindikilo kumadalira malo omwe sitiroko idakhalira komanso kukula kwa sitiroko. Zizindikiro za stroke zingaphatikizepo:

• mutu mwadzidzidzi, wowopsa
• kusanza
• kuuma khosi
• kutaya masomphenya kapena kusawona bwino
• chizungulire
• kutaya malire
• dzanzi kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi kapena nkhope
• chisokonezo mwadzidzidzi
• kuvuta kuyankhula
• zovuta kumeza

Pazovuta zazikulu, kuuma ndi kukomoka kumatha kuchitika.

Zimayambitsa sitiroko

Sitiroko imachitika magazi akatuluka mu ubongo wanu. Amatha kukhala amischemic kapena hemorrhagic.

Chilonda cha ischemic

Mikwingwirima yambiri ndimischemic. Sitiroko ya ischemic imachokera ku chotsekemera chomwe chimalepheretsa magazi kupita kudera linalake la ubongo.

Chotsekeracho chimatha kukhala ubongo wa venous thrombosis (CVT). Izi zikutanthauza kuti amapangidwa patsamba lomwe limatsekeka muubongo. Kapenanso, chovalacho chimatha kukhala kuphatikiza kwa ubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimapanga kwina kulikonse m'thupi ndikupita muubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa sitiroko.

Sitiroko yotaya magazi

Sitiroko yotuluka magazi imachitika mitsempha yamagazi muubongo itaphulika, ndikupangitsa kuti magazi azisonkhana m'magulu ozungulira ubongo. Izi zimapangitsa kupanikizika kwa ubongo. Ikhoza kusiya gawo lina la ubongo wanu wopanda magazi ndi mpweya. Pafupifupi 13 peresenti ya sitiroko imakhala yotuluka magazi, akuti American Stroke Association.

Zowopsa za sitiroko

Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sitiroko yatsopano kapena yosalekeza imakhudza chaka chilichonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo zimaphatikizapo mbiri yakubadwa ndi ziwalo, komanso:

Kugonana

M'magulu azaka zambiri - kupatula achikulire - zikwapu ndizofala kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Komabe, sitiroko imapha kwambiri azimayi kuposa amuna. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa zikwapu zimakhala zofala kwa okalamba, ndipo azimayi amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa amuna. Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka komanso kutenga mimba zitha kuchulukitsanso mwayi wamayi wakupha ziwalo.

Mtundu kapena mtundu

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga sitiroko kuposa aku Caucasus. Komabe, kusiyana pangozi pakati pa anthu m'maguluwa kumachepa ndi zaka:

• Amwenye Achimereka
• Nzika za Alaska
• Anthu aku Africa-America
• anthu ochokera ku Puerto Rico

Zinthu za moyo

Zinthu zotsatirazi pamoyo wanu zonse zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha sitiroko:

• kusuta
• zakudya
• kusagwira ntchito
• kumwa kwambiri
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwala ndi matenda

Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha sitiroko. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa magazi atha kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda opha magazi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• nkhondo (Coumadin)
• Rivaroxaban ufa (Xarelto)
• apixaban (Eliquis)

Nthawi zina operekera magazi amalamulidwa kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha ischemic stroke ngati dokotala akuwona kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Komabe, izi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chodwala matenda opha magazi.

Mimba komanso matenda ena amathanso kukulitsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko. Izi ndi monga:

• mavuto a mtima ndi mitsempha
• matenda ashuga
• mbiri ya sitiroko kapena ministroke
• cholesterol yambiri
• kuthamanga kwa magazi, makamaka ngati kuli kosalamulirika
• kunenepa kwambiri
• matenda amadzimadzi
• mutu waching'alang'ala
• matenda a zenga
• zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osakanikirana (magazi owopsa)
• zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa magazi ochulukirapo, monga ma platelet otsika ndi hemophilia
• chithandizo ndi mankhwala otchedwa thrombolytics (clot busters)
• mbiri yokhudzana ndi zotupa kapena zovuta zamitsempha muubongo
• polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), chifukwa imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma aneurysms muubongo
• zotupa muubongo, makamaka zotupa zoyipa

Zaka

Akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 65 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha sitiroko, makamaka ngati:

• khalani ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kukhala ndi matenda ashuga
• amakhala pansi
• onenepa kwambiri
• kusuta

Kuzindikira kupwetekedwa mtima

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti mukudwala sitiroko, ayesa mayeso kuti awathandize kuzindikira. Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito mayeso ena kuti adziwe mtundu wa sitiroko.

Choyamba, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani. Adzayesa kuzindikira kwanu kwamalingaliro, kulumikizana, komanso kulingalira. Ayang'ana:

• dzanzi kapena kufooka pankhope panu, mikono, ndi miyendo
• zizindikiro zosokoneza
• kuvuta kuyankhula
• zovuta kuwona bwinobwino

Ngati mwadwala stroke, dokotala wanu amathanso kuyesa kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa sitiroko yomwe mwakhalapo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akukupatsani chithandizo choyenera. Mayesero ena wamba ndi awa:

• MRI
• maginito omveka bwino (MRA)
• Kujambula kwa ubongo CT
• kompyuta ya tomography angiogram (CTA)
• ultrasound ya carotid
• mawonekedwe a carotid
• electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Echocardiogram
• kuyesa magazi

Chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha sitiroko yayikulu

Ngati mukudwala sitiroko, mufunika chithandizo chadzidzidzi posachedwa. Mukalandira chithandizo msanga, kuthekera kwanu kukupulumuka ndikuchira.

Chilonda cha ischemic

Malangizo okhudzana ndi chithandizo cha stroke adasinthidwa ndi American Heart Association (AHA) ndi American Stroke Association (ASA) mu 2018.

Mukafika kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kuti mukalandire chithandizo pakatha maola 4 1/2 zizindikiro zitayamba, chisamaliro chadzidzidzi cha sitiroko chitha kuphatikizira kuthetsedwa kwa magazi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amadziwika kuti thrombolytics nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapatsa aspirin m'malo azadzidzidzi kuti magazi ena asagundane nawonso.

Musanalandire chithandizo chamtunduwu, gulu lanu lazachipatala liyenera kutsimikizira kuti sitiroko siyotaya magazi. Ochepetsa magazi amatha kupweteketsa magazi kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa imfa.

Mankhwala owonjezera atha kuphatikizira njira yochotsera mtsempha kuchokera mumitsempha yomwe yakhudzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma catheters ang'onoang'ono. Izi zitha kuchitika patatha maola 24 zizindikiro zitayamba. Amadziwika kuti makina ochotsa matenda kapena ma thrombectomy.

Sitiroko ikakhala yayikulu ndipo imakhudza gawo lalikulu laubongo, kuchitanso opaleshoni kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa ubongo muubongo kungafunikirenso.

Sitiroko yotaya magazi

Ngati mukudwala sitiroko yotuluka magazi, osamalira mwadzidzidzi atha kukupatsani mankhwala kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuchepetsa magazi. Ngati mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito opopera magazi, atha kukupatsani mankhwala kuti muwathetse. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti magazi aziwonjezeka.

Ngati muli ndi sitiroko yotaya magazi, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwadzidzidzi kutengera kukula kwa magazi. Achita izi kuti akonze mtsempha wamagazi wosweka ndikuchotsa magazi ochulukirapo omwe angakhale akupanikiza ubongo.

Zovuta zokhudzana ndi sitiroko yayikulu

Zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha sitiroko zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kutengera kukula kwa sitiroko. Zovuta zitha kukhala izi:

• ziwalo
• kuvuta kumeza kapena kuyankhula
• mavuto moyenera
• chizungulire
• kuiwalika
• zovuta kuwongolera malingaliro
• kukhumudwa
• ululu
• kusintha kwamakhalidwe

Ntchito zothandiza kukonzanso zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zovuta ndipo zingaphatikizepo kugwira ntchito ndi:

• wothandizira thupi kuti abwezeretse kuyenda
• wothandizira pantchito kuti aphunzire kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga zochitika zokhudzana ndi ukhondo, kuphika, ndi kuyeretsa
• wothandizira kulankhula kuti apititse patsogolo luso lakulankhula
• katswiri wamaganizidwe kuti athandize kuthana ndi nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa

Kulimbana ndi sitiroko

Anthu ena omwe akudwala sitiroko amachira mwachangu ndipo amatha kuyambiranso thupi lawo patangopita masiku ochepa. Kwa anthu ena, kuchira kumatha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo.

Ngakhale zitatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti muchiritse sitiroko, kuchira ndi njira. Kukhala ndi chiyembekezo kungakuthandizeni kupirira. Sangalalani ndi zonse zomwe mukupita patsogolo. Kulankhula ndi wothandizira kungakuthandizeninso kuti muzitha kuchira, inunso.

Kuthandiza osamalira odwala

Pakachira atadwala sitiroko, munthu angafunikire kukonzanso. Kutengera ndi kuuma kwa sitiroko, izi zitha kukhala milungu ingapo, miyezi, kapenanso zaka.

Kungakhale kothandiza kwa osamalira odwala kuti adziphunzitse okha za sitiroko ndi njira yokhazikitsira thanzi. Othandizira amathanso kupindula ndikulowa nawo magulu othandizira omwe angakumane ndi ena omwe akuthandiza okondedwa awo kuti achire atadwala sitiroko.

Zina mwazinthu zabwino zopezera thandizo ndi monga:

• Bungwe la National Stroke Association
• Bungwe la American Stroke Association
• Sitiroko Network

Kuwona kwakanthawi

Maganizo anu amatengera kukula kwa sitiroko komanso momwe mumalandirira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Chifukwa zikwapu zazikulu zimakhudza minyewa yambiri yamaubongo, malingaliro ake amakhala osakondera.

Ponseponse, mawonekedwe ake ndiabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi sitiroko ya ischemic. Chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa komwe amapanga muubongo, zikwapu zotuluka magazi zimabweretsa zovuta zina.

Kupewa sitiroko

Tsatirani malangizo awa kuti muteteze sitiroko:

• Siyani kusuta fodya komanso pewani kusuta fodya.
• Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 patsiku kapena masiku onse sabata.
• Pitirizani kulemera bwino.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala kuti muzitha kukhala ndi shuga wathanzi.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala kuti muzitha kuthamanga magazi.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha sitiroko. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• mankhwala antiplatelet, monga clopidogrel (Plavix) kuti ateteze magazi kuundana m'mitsempha kapena mumtima mwanu
• anticoagulants, monga warfarin (Coumadin)
• aspirin

Ngati simunayambe mwadwalapo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito aspirin popewa ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotsika magazi komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima (monga stroke, stroke ndi mtima).

Gulani aspirin pa intaneti.