Kodi Kufalikira ndi Kupulumuka Kwa Melanoma Ndi Gawo Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
• Kodi khansa ya pakhungu ndi chiyani?
• Kodi khansa ya pakhungu imayambitsidwa motani?
• Gawo 0
• Gawo 1
• Gawo 2
• Gawo 3
• Gawo 4
• Mitengo yopulumuka
• Chitani khama

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

• Pali magawo asanu a khansa ya khansa kuyambira pa gawo 0 mpaka gawo 4.
• Ziwerengero za opulumuka ndizongoyerekeza chabe ndipo pamapeto pake sizimatsimikizira zamomwe munthu angatchulidwe.
• Kuzindikira koyambirira kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka.

Kodi khansa ya pakhungu ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya pakhungu ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo akhungu omwe amapanga pigment melanin. Melanoma nthawi zambiri imayamba ngati khungu lakuda pakhungu. Komabe, imatha kupangidwanso munyama zina, monga diso kapena pakamwa.

Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa timadontho ndi kusintha kwa khungu lanu, chifukwa khansa ya khansa imatha kupha ngati ifalikira. Panali anthu opitilira 10,000 kuchokera ku khansa ya khansa ku United States mu 2016.

Kodi khansa ya pakhungu imayambitsidwa motani?

Magawo a khansa ya khansa amatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la TNM.

Gawo la matendawa limasonyeza kuchuluka kwa khansara chifukwa chakulingalira kukula kwa chotupacho, kaya chimafalikira ku ma lymph node, komanso ngati chimafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Dokotala amatha kuzindikira kuti khansa ya khansa ikhoza kuchitika panthawi yoyezetsa thupi ndikutsimikizira kuti matendawa amapezeka ndi biopsy, pomwe minofu imachotsedwa kuti adziwe ngati ili ndi khansa.

Koma luso lapamwamba kwambiri, monga PET scans ndi sentinel lymph node biopsies, ndizofunikira kudziwa gawo la khansa kapena kutalika kwake.

Pali magawo asanu a khansa ya pakhungu. Gawo loyamba limatchedwa gawo 0, kapena melanoma in situ. Gawo lomaliza limatchedwa gawo 4. Kupulumuka kumatsika ndikumagwa kwamankhwala a khansa yapakhungu.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mitengo yopulumuka pagawo lililonse ndimalingaliro chabe. Munthu aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya khansa ndi wosiyana, ndipo malingaliro anu amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zingapo.

Gawo 0

Gawo 0 khansa ya khansa yotchedwa melanoma in situ. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu lili ndi melanocyte yachilendo. Ma Melanocyte ndimaselo omwe amatulutsa melanin, yomwe ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa khungu kukhala khungu.

Pakadali pano, maselowa amatha kukhala ndi khansa, koma ndimaselo achilendo pakhungu lanu.

Melanoma in situ ingawoneke ngati kamphindi kakang'ono. Ngakhale zitha kuwoneka zopanda vuto, khungu lililonse pakhungu lanu liyenera kuyesedwa ndi dermatologist.

Gawo 1

Pa siteji, chotupacho chimakhala mpaka 2 mm wakuda. Itha kapena itha kukhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimawonetsa ngati chotupacho chaphwanya khungu. Khansara siinafalikire kumatenda apafupi kapena kumadera akutali a thupi.

Pa gawo 0 ndi gawo 1, opaleshoni ndiye chithandizo chachikulu. Pa gawo 1, sentinel node biopsy itha kulimbikitsidwa nthawi zina.

Gawo 2

Gawo lachiwiri la khansa ya khansa limatanthauza kuti chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa 1mm ndipo chimatha kukhala chokulirapo kapena chakulira pakhungu. Mwina zilonda zam'mimba kapena ayi. Khansara siinafalikire kumatenda apafupi kapena kumadera akutali a thupi.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira. Dokotala amathanso kuyitanitsa sentinel lymph node biopsy kuti adziwe momwe khansa ikuyendera.

Gawo 3

Pakadali pano, chotupacho chimatha kukhala chocheperako kapena chokulirapo. Gawo lachitatu la khansa ya khansa, khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph system. Sinafalikire kumadera akutali a thupi.

Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse minofu ya khansa ndi ma lymph node ndikotheka. Chithandizo cha radiation ndi mankhwala ena amphamvu amathandizanso pachithandizo chachitatu.

Gawo 4

Gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa limatanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo, ubongo, kapena ziwalo zina ndi minofu.

Itha kufalikira kuma lymph node omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi chotupa choyambirira. Gawo 4 khansa ya khansa nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuchiza ndimankhwala apano.

Opaleshoni, radiation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy ndi chemotherapy ndi njira zina zochiritsira khansa ya khansa ya 4. Kuyesedwanso kwamankhwala kungalimbikitsidwenso.

Mitengo yopulumuka

Zaka zisanu zapakati pa khansa ya khansa, malinga ndi American Cancer Society ndi iyi:

• Mderalo (khansa sinafalikireko komwe idayambira): 99%
• Chigawo (khansa yafalikira pafupi / ku ma lymph node): 65 peresenti
• Kutali (khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi): 25 peresenti

Kuchuluka kwa zaka 5 kukuwonetsa odwala omwe adakhala zaka zosachepera 5 atapezeka.

Zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwaopulumuka ndi:

• zatsopano za chithandizo cha khansa
• mawonekedwe amunthu payekha komanso thanzi lathunthu
• yankho la munthu kuchipatala

Chitani khama

Matendawa akadwala kumene, khansa imeneyi imachira. Koma khansara iyenera kuzindikiridwa ndikuchiritsidwa mwachangu.

Ngati mudzawona mole yatsopano kapena chizindikiro chokayikira pakhungu lanu, nthawi yomweyo pitani ndi dermatologist kuti muwone. Ngati matenda monga HIV afooketsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi, kuyezetsa ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Njira imodzi yabwino yopewera kudwala khansa yapakhungu ndiyo kuvala zoteteza ku dzuwa nthawi zonse. Kuvala zovala zoteteza ku dzuwa, monga malaya otchinga dzuwa, kumathandizanso.

Ndikofunika kuti muzidziwe bwino njira ya ABCDE, yomwe ingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati mole ingathe khansa.