Kodi Metamorphopsia ndi chiyani?

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Zizindikiro za Metamorphopsia
• Zomwe zimayambitsa Metamorphopsia
• Matenda okhudzana ndi zaka (AMD)
• Mapangidwe a epiretinal (ERMs)
• Macular edema
• Gulu la Retinal
• Macular dzenje
• Matenda a Metamorphopsia
• Chithandizo cha Metamorphopsia
• Maganizo a Metamorphopsia

Chidule

Metamorphopsia ndi chilema chowoneka chomwe chimapangitsa zinthu zophatikizika, monga mizere pa gridi, kuti ziwoneke zopindika kapena zozungulira. Zimayambitsidwa ndi zovuta za diso la diso, makamaka macula.

Diso ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa diso lomwe limazindikira kuwunika ndikutumiza - kudzera m'mitsempha yama optic - zikoka kuubongo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowona. Macula amakhala pakatikati pa diso ndikuthandizani kuwona zinthu mwatsatanetsatane. Zina mwa zinthuzi zikakhudzidwa ndi matenda, kuvulala, kapena zaka, metamorphopsia imatha kubwera.

Zizindikiro za Metamorphopsia

Metamorphopsia imakhudza masomphenya apakatikati (motsutsana ndi zotumphukira, kapena masomphenya ammbali) ndikusokoneza mawonekedwe azinthu zazitali. Zitha kuchitika m'diso limodzi kapena onse awiri. Mukakhala ndi metamorphopsia, mutha kupeza kuti:

• Zinthu zowongoka, ngati chikwangwani, zimawoneka mopepuka.
• Zinthu zathyathyathya, monga chikwangwani chomwecho, zimawoneka zozungulira.
• Mawonekedwe, monga nkhope, amatha kuwoneka osokonekera. M'malo mwake, ena afananizira metamorphopsia ndi kuyang'ana chithunzi cha Picasso, chomwe chili ndi mitundu yambiri.
• Zinthu zimawoneka zazing'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira (zotchedwa micropsia) kapena zokulirapo kuposa (macropsia). Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Ophthalmic Research, micropsia imafala kwambiri kuposa macropsia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Metamorphopsia

Metamorphopsia ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha zovuta zamaso zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza diso ndi macula. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Matenda okhudzana ndi zaka (AMD)

Ichi ndi vuto lofala, lokhalitsa lomwe limakhudza macula, gawo la diso lomwe limakupangitsani kuti muwone zinthu mozama komanso mwatsatanetsatane. National Eye Institute inanena kuti kuchepa kwa makanda okhudzana ndi zaka (AMD) ndi:

• chomwe chimayambitsa kutayika kwamasomphenya pakati pa 50 ndi kupitilira apo
• osayenera kuchitika mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 60
• yolumikizidwa ndi chibadwa
• mwina zokhudzana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe monga zakudya ndi kusuta

Mmodzi akuyang'ana AMD ndi metamorphopsia:

• 45% yamaphunziro anali ndi zosokoneza m'mizere (mwachitsanzo, zolemba kapena makompyuta)
• 22,6% adazindikira zopindika za mafelemu azenera ndi mashelufu amabuku
• 21.6% anali ndi zopindika za mizere ya matailosi akusamba
• 18.6% adakumana ndi zosokoneza nkhope

AMD yamadzi imakhala yotheka kwambiri kupanga metamorphopsia kuposa AMD yowuma. Wet AMD ndi vuto losowa m'mene mitsempha yamagazi imatulutsira magazi ndi madzi ndipo zotsatira zake, zimawononga macula. Mu AMD youma, macula amachepera chifukwa cha msinkhu komanso mapuloteni amafuta (otchedwa drusen) omwe amakhala pansi, ndikupangitsa kuti masomphenya asawonongeke.

Mapangidwe a epiretinal (ERMs)

Ma ERM (ma epiretinal membranes) amatchedwanso macular puckers. Zimayambitsidwa ndi chilema pamwamba pa diso. Vutoli limatha kuyambitsidwa ndi ukalamba, misozi ya m'maso, ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga, omwe amakhudza zigawo za m'maso.

Ma ERM amayamba ndi maselo omwe amakula pakhungu losalala la retina. Kukula kwama cellular kumeneku kumatha kutengeka komwe kumakoka pa diso ndikupangitsa masomphenya osokonekera.

Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu aku America azaka zopitilira 75 ali ndi ma ERM, ngakhale si milandu yonse yomwe ili yovuta mokwanira kufunikira chithandizo.

Macular edema

Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira madzimadzi mu macula. Madzi amtunduwu amatha kutuluka mumitsempha yamagazi yozungulira yomwe imawonongeka chifukwa cha:

• matenda monga matenda ashuga
• opaleshoni ya diso
• zovuta zina zotupa (monga uveitis, kapena kutupa kwa uvea wa diso kapena pakati pa diso)

Madzi owonjezerawa amachititsa kuti macula afufume ndikukula, ndikupangitsa kuwona kopotoza.

Gulu la Retinal

Diso likatuluka m'malo omwe amalichirikiza, masomphenya amakhudzidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chovulala, matenda, kapena zoopsa.

Diso lodzitchinjiriza ndilodzidzimutsa kuchipatala ndipo limafunikira chithandizo mwachangu kuti lisataye konse. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo "zoyandama" (ma specks m'masomphenya anu) kapena kuwala kwa kuwala kwanu.

Macular dzenje

Monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, dzenje la macular ndikung'ambika pang'ono kapena kuphulika kwa macula. Kutha uku kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha msinkhu. Zimapezeka pomwe gel osalala omwe amapangitsa diso mawonekedwe ake ozungulira amafota ndikunyinyirika, kuchoka pa diso ndikupangitsa misozi.

Mabowo a macular nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa iwo opitilira 60. Ngati diso limodzi lakhudzidwa, muli ndi mwayi wokwana 10 mpaka 15% wopezeka mziso linalo.

Matenda a Metamorphopsia

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo - zambiri zomwe zimakhudza ma chart kapena ma graph okhala ndi mizere - kuti athandizire kuzindikira metamorphopsia. Anthu omwe amawona zopotoka m'mizere pomwe kulibe aliyense amakhala ndi vuto la retina kapena macular komanso metamorphopsia yotsatira.

• Gulu la Amsler. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupemphani kuti muwone china chake chotchedwa gridi ya Amsler. Mofanana ndi pepala la gridi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'kalasi ya geometry, lakhala likugawanika mofanana ndi mizere yopingasa ndi yowongoka ndi malo apakati.
• Makonda oyipa a hyperacuity (PHP). Uwu ndi mayeso omwe mizere yolumikizana ndi zopotoka zopangidwa imawonekera patsogolo panu. Mudzafunsidwa kuti musankhe mizere yomwe yasokonekera molakwika ndi yomwe siili.
• Ma m-chart. Awa ndi ma chart okhala ndi mizere imodzi kapena iwiri yopingasa yopangidwa ndi timadontho tating'ono, kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha Metamorphopsia

Popeza metamorphopsia ndi chizindikiro cha diso kapena vuto la macular, kuthana ndi vutoli kuyenera kukonza masomphenya olakwika.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi AMD yonyowa, dokotala wanu atha kulangiza opareshoni ya laser kuti iyimitse kapena muchepetse magazi omwe akutuluka mumitsuko yolakwika mu diso lanu.

Ngati muli ndi AMD youma, mutha kulangizidwa kuti mutenge zowonjezera, monga mavitamini C ndi E, lutein ndi zeaxanthin omwe awonetsedwa kuti achepetsa matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi diso losungidwa, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muphatikize ndikofunika. Metamorphopsia iliyonse yofananira iyenera kusintha - koma zimatha kutenga nthawi. Kafukufuku wina, yopitilira theka la maphunziro anali ndi metamorphopsia chaka chimodzi atachitidwa opareshoni yabwino ya diso losungidwa.

Maganizo a Metamorphopsia

Masomphenya olakwika omwe amadziwika kuti metamorphopsia ndi chizindikiritso chodziwika cha vuto la diso komanso vuto la maso. Kutengera momwe zimakhalira komanso kuuma kwake, metamorphopsia itha kukhala yofunika kapena ayi. Mwambiri, komabe, vuto la diso lomwe limayambitsa vuto la masomphenya lathandizidwa, metamorphopsia imayamba bwino.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse m'masomphenya anu. Monga zinthu zambiri, kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.