Methionine: Ntchito, magwero azakudya ndi zoyipa zake

Zamkati

• Kodi Methionine ndi Chiyani?
• Itha Kutulutsa Mamolekyulu Ofunika Kwambiri Kuti Ntchito Ya Cell Yokhala
• Imachita Udindo mu DNA Methylation
• Zakudya Zotsika-Methionine Zimakulitsa Nyama
• Zakudya Zakudya za Methionine
• Kudya, Kuopsa ndi Zotsatira Zoyipa
• Kudya Kwabwino
• Zotsatira za Homocysteine
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Ma amino acid amathandizira kupanga mapuloteni omwe amapanga ziwalo ndi ziwalo za thupi lanu.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yovutayi, ma amino acid ena ali ndi maudindo ena apadera.

Methionine ndi amino acid yomwe imapanga mamolekyulu angapo ofunikira mthupi lanu. Mamolekyu amenewa ndi ofunikira kuti maselo anu azigwira ntchito moyenera.

Chifukwa cha mamolekyu ofunikira omwe amapanga, ena amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa methionine. Komabe, ena amalimbikitsa kuti muchepetse chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kufunikira kwa methionine komanso ngati mungafunikire kuda nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa chakudya chanu. Zotsatira ndi zoyipa zomwe zingachitike zimakambidwanso.

Kodi Methionine ndi Chiyani?

Methionine ndi amino acid omwe amapezeka m'mapuloteni ambiri, kuphatikiza mapuloteni azakudya ndi omwe amapezeka m'matumba ndi ziwalo za thupi lanu.

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala zomangira zomanga thupi, ilinso ndi zina zingapo zapadera.

Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndikutha kwake kusandulika kukhala mamolekyulu ofunikira omwe ali ndi sulfa ().

Mamolekyu okhala ndi sulfa amakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chitetezo chamatenda anu, kusintha DNA yanu ndikugwirabe ntchito kwama cell anu,, 3).

Mamolekyu ofunikira awa ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid omwe ali ndi sulfure. Mwa ma amino acid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapuloteni mthupi, ndi methionine ndi cysteine ​​okha omwe amakhala ndi sulfure.

Ngakhale thupi lanu limatha kupanga amino acid cysteine ​​palokha, methionine iyenera kuchokera pazakudya zanu (4).

Kuphatikiza apo, methionine imathandizira kwambiri pakupanga mapuloteni atsopano mkati mwa maselo anu, zomwe zimachitika mosalekeza mapuloteni akale akawonongeka ().

Mwachitsanzo, amino acid amayamba ntchito yopanga mapuloteni atsopano m'minyewa yanu mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amawawononga (,).

Methionine ndi amino acid wapadera. Ili ndi sulfure ndipo imatha kupanga mamolekyulu ena okhala ndi sulfa m'thupi. Zimaphatikizaponso kuyambitsa kupanga mapuloteni m'maselo anu.

Itha Kutulutsa Mamolekyulu Ofunika Kwambiri Kuti Ntchito Ya Cell Yokhala

Limodzi mwamaudindo akuluakulu a methionine m'thupi ndikuti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mamolekyulu ena ofunikira.

Amakhudzidwa ndikupanga cysteine, amino acid wina wokhala ndi sulfure yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapuloteni mthupi (,).

Cysteine ​​imatha kupanga mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mapuloteni, glutathione ndi taurine ().

Glutathione nthawi zina amatchedwa "master antioxidant" chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri poteteza thupi lanu (,).

Imathandizanso pakapangidwe kazakudya m'thupi ndikupanga DNA ndi mapuloteni ().

Taurine ili ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi thanzi komanso kuyendetsa bwino maselo anu ().

Mmodzi mwa mamolekyulu ofunikira kwambiri a methionine amatha kusandulika ndi S-adenosylmethionine, kapena "SAM" ().

SAM imagwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala posamutsa gawo lina ku ma molekyulu ena, kuphatikiza DNA ndi mapuloteni (3,).

SAM imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chilengedwe, mamolekyulu ofunikira mphamvu zamagetsi (,).

Ponseponse, methionine imakhudzidwa mwachindunji kapena m'njira zina m'njira zambiri zofunika mthupi chifukwa cha mamolekyulu omwe amatha kukhala.

Methionine imatha kusintha kukhala mamolekyulu angapo okhala ndi sulfa yokhala ndi ntchito zofunika, monga glutathione, taurine, SAM ndi creatine. Mamolekyu amenewa ndiofunika kwambiri kuti maselo am'thupi lanu azigwira bwino ntchito.

Imachita Udindo mu DNA Methylation

DNA yanu ili ndi zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala omwe muli.

Ngakhale zambiri izi zitha kukhala zofananira pamoyo wanu wonse, zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kusintha zina mwa DNA yanu.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamagawo osangalatsa kwambiri a methionine - kuti imatha kusintha kukhala molekyulu yotchedwa SAM. SAM ikhoza kusintha DNA yanu powonjezerapo gulu la methyl (atomu ya kaboni ndi maatomu ake a haidrojeni) kwa ilo (3,).

Kuchuluka kwa methionine muzakudya zanu kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa njirayi, koma pali mafunso ambiri omwe sanayankhidwe pankhaniyi.

Ndizotheka kuti kuchuluka kwa methionine muzakudya kungakulitse kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa momwe DNA yanu imasinthira chifukwa cha SAM ().

Kuphatikiza apo, zosinthazi zikachitika, zitha kukhala zopindulitsa nthawi zina koma zovulaza zina ().

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimawonjezera magulu a methyl ku DNA yanu kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yoyipa ().

Komabe, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kudya kwambiri methionine kumatha kukulitsa mavuto monga schizophrenia, mwina chifukwa chowonjezera magulu ena a methyl ku DNA (,).

Limodzi mwa mamolekyulu opangidwa ndi methionine, SAM, amatha kusintha DNA yanu. Sizikudziwika bwino momwe methionine yazakudya zanu zimakhudzira njirayi, ndipo nkutheka kuti njirayi ndi yopindulitsa nthawi zina komanso yowononga mwa ena.

Zakudya Zotsika-Methionine Zimakulitsa Nyama

Ngakhale methionine ili ndi maudindo ofunikira m'thupi, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa phindu la zakudya zomwe zili zochepa mu amino acid.

Maselo ena a khansa amadalira chakudya cha methionine kuti chikule. Zikatero, kuchepetsa kudya kwanu kungakhale kothandiza kuthandizira njala maselo a khansa ().

Popeza kuti mapuloteni ochokera kuzomera nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mu methionine kuposa mapuloteni azinyama, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu zitha kukhala chida cholimbana ndi khansa zina,,).

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wambiri wazinyama akuwonetsa kuti kuchepetsa methionine kumatha kukulitsa moyo wamunthu ndikusintha thanzi (,,).

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti utali wamoyo unali wopitilira 40% kutalika mu mbewa zomwe zimadyetsa zakudya zochepa za methionine ().

Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kumeneku kumatha kukhala chifukwa chakuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kagayidwe kachakudya komanso kupangitsa kuti maselo amthupi azitha kuberekana (,).

Ofufuza ena adazindikira kuti zotsika za methionine zimathandizira kuchepetsa kukalamba mu mbewa ().

Kaya madalitsowa amapatsira anthu kapena ayi sichidziwikebe pano, koma kafukufuku wina wazoyeserera awonetsa phindu la zotsika za methionine m'maselo amunthu (,).

Komabe, kafukufuku wamunthu amafunikira asanapange lingaliro lililonse.

Mwa nyama, kutsitsa methionine pazakudya kumatha kuchepetsa kukalamba ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwa moyo. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza phindu lochepetsa methionine m'maselo amunthu, koma kafukufuku amafunika mwa anthu amoyo.

Zakudya Zakudya za Methionine

Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi zakudya zonse zamapuloteni zili ndi methionine, kuchuluka kwake kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Mazira, nsomba ndi nyama zina zimakhala ndi amino acid wambiri (23).

Akuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi 8% ya amino acid m'mazira azungu ali ndi sulfure okhala ndi amino acid (methionine ndi cysteine) ().

Mtengo uwu ndi pafupifupi 5% mu nkhuku ndi ng'ombe ndi 4% muzakudya za mkaka. Mapuloteni obzala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amino acid ochepa kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wina adawunikiranso kuchuluka kwama sulfure okhala ndi amino acid (methionine ndi cysteine) m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya ().

Zomwe zili pamwambapa (6.8 magalamu patsiku) zidanenedwa pazakudya zamapuloteni ambiri, pomwe ochepa adapezeka pamasamba (3.0 magalamu patsiku) ndi vegans (2.3 magalamu patsiku).

Ngakhale osadya nyama, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti ali ndi methionine yambiri kuposa omwe amadya nyama ndi nsomba ().

Kupeza kumeneku kunapangitsa ofufuzawo kunena kuti zakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa methionine yamagazi sizogwirizana nthawi zonse.

Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti nkhumba zimakhala ndi zakudya zochepa komanso magazi ochepa a methionine (,).

Mapuloteni azinyama nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi methionine yambiri kuposa mapuloteni azomera. Omwe amatsata zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera kuzomera samadya kwambiri amino acid okhala ndi sulfa, ngakhale amatha kukhala ndi methionine m'magazi apamwamba kapena otsika.

Kudya, Kuopsa ndi Zotsatira Zoyipa

Ofufuzawa adyetsa kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ma sulfure okhala ndi amino acid (methionine ndi cysteine), koma kafukufuku adawunikiranso zovuta zoyipa.

Kudya Kwabwino

Zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku za methionine kuphatikiza cysteine ​​ndi 8.6 mg / lb (19 mg / kg) patsiku kwa akulu, omwe amakhala pafupifupi magalamu 1.3 kwa munthu wolemera mapaundi 150 (68 kilograms) (4).

Komabe, ofufuza ena adalimbikitsa kumwa ndalama zowirikiza kawiri kutengera zolephera zamaphunziro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa zomwe akufuna).

Okalamba nthawi zambiri amadya methionine yochepa, ndipo kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti angafunike kulowetsedwa magalamu awiri mpaka atatu patsiku (,).

Ngakhale magulu ena atha kupindula ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa methionine, zakudya zambiri zimapitilira magalamu awiri patsiku la methionine kuphatikiza cysteine.

Zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zakudya zamasamba, zamasamba, zachikhalidwe komanso zamapuloteni zikuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa 2.3 ndi 6.8 magalamu patsiku la amino acid ().

Zotsatira za Homocysteine

Mwina nkhawa yayikulu yomwe imakhudzana ndi kudya kwambiri methionine ndi chifukwa cha mamolekyulu omwe amino acid amatha kupanga.

Methionine ikhoza kusandulika kukhala homocysteine, amino acid wogwirizana ndi magawo angapo a matenda amtima (,).

Kuchuluka kwa methionine kumatha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa homocysteine, ngakhale anthu ena atengeka kwambiri ndi izi kuposa ena ().

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngozi zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chodya kwambiri methionine zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha homocysteine ​​osati methionine yomwe ().

Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingasinthe milingo ya homocysteine.

Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale amadya zakudya zochepa za methionine, vegans ndi ndiwo zamasamba atha kukhala ndi homocysteine ​​kuposa omnivores chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa vitamini B12 ().

Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti mapuloteni ambiri, zakudya zamtundu wa methionine sizinakulitse homocysteine ​​patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, poyerekeza ndi zakudya zochepa, zakudya zochepa za methionine ().

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwakudya mpaka 100% sikuwoneka kuti kumakhudza homocysteine ​​mwa achikulire athanzi opanda mavitamini ().

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kuti awone momwe thupi limayankhira ku methionine, ofufuza apereka gawo limodzi lalikulu la amino acid ndikuwona zotsatira zake.

Mlingowu ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa momwe mumafunira, nthawi zambiri mozungulira 45 mg / lb (100 mg / kg), kapena magalamu 6.8 kwa munthu amene amalemera mapaundi 150 (68 kilograms) ().

Mayeso amtunduwu achita maulendo opitilira 6,000, ndizovuta zoyambira pang'ono. Zotsatira zazing'ono izi zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kugona komanso kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ().

Chochitika chachikulu chovuta kwambiri chidachitika nthawi imodzi mwa mayeserowa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi amwalire koma atakhala ndi thanzi labwino ().

Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti kuwonongeka kwangozi mwangozi pafupifupi maulendo 70 omwe adalandila adayambitsa zovuta ().

Ponseponse, zikuwoneka kuti methionine siyowopsa kwambiri mwa anthu athanzi, kupatula pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri yomwe singakhale yotheka kupezeka kudzera mu zakudya.

Ngakhale methionine imakhudzidwa pakupanga homocysteine, palibe umboni kuti kudya komwe kumakhalapo kowopsa pamatenda amtima ().

Anthu omwe amatsata mitundu yambiri yazakudya nthawi zambiri amapitilira muyeso wocheperako wa methionine. Zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono koma zimatha kukhala zowopsa pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Methionine ndi amino acid wokhala ndi sulufule yemwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mapuloteni ndikupanga mamolekyulu ambiri mthupi.

Izi zimaphatikizapo antioxidant glutathione ndi molekyulu SAM, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha DNA ndi ma molekyulu ena.

Methionine imapezeka mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamapuloteni ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri m'maproteni azinyama kuposa mapuloteni azomera. Ngakhale zakudya zochepa za methionine zawonetsedwa kuti zimakulitsa moyo wa nyama, ngakhale izi zili zofunikira kwa anthu sizikudziwikabe.

Anthu omwe amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana amapeza methionine, ngakhale okalamba ena atha kupindula ndi kuwonjezera kudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu ndizochepa koma zimatha kukhala zowopsa pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri kuposa zomwe zingapezeke ndi chakudya wamba.

Kutengera kafukufuku wopezeka mwa anthu athanzi, mwina simuyenera kuchepetsa kapena kuonjezera kudya kwa methionine pazakudya zanu.