Zikhulupiriro zabodza zokhudza HIV / AIDS

Zamkati

• Bodza # 1: HIV ndi chilango cha imfa.
• Bodza lachiwiri: Mutha kudziwa ngati wina ali ndi HIV / Edzi pomuyang'ana.
• Bodza # 3: Anthu owongoka sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Bodza # 4: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sangakhale ndi ana bwinobwino.
• Nthano # 5: HIV nthawi zonse imayambitsa matenda a Edzi.
• Bodza # 6: Ndi mankhwala onse amakono, HIV sichinthu chachikulu.
• Bodza # 7: Ngati nditenga PrEP, sindikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.
• Chikhulupiriro chabodza # 8: Omwe akayezetsa kuti alibe HIV atha kugonana mosadziteteza.
• Nthano # 9: Ngati onse awiri ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, palibe chifukwa cha kondomu.
• Chotengera

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa kuchokera ku Centers for Disease, Control, and Prevention, kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale pakhala kupita patsogolo kambiri pakusamalira kachilombo ka HIV mzaka zonsezi, mwatsoka, zambiri zabodza zilipobe pazomwe zimatanthauza kukhala ndi HIV.

Tidakumana ndi akatswiri angapo kuti tipeze malingaliro awo pazokhudza malingaliro olakwika kwambiri omwe anthu aku United States ali nawo pankhani ya HIV / AIDS. Akatswiriwa amathandiza anthu, amaphunzitsa ophunzira zamankhwala, komanso amapereka chithandizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa. Nazi zikhulupiriro zisanu ndi zinayi zapamwamba kwambiri komanso malingaliro olakwika omwe iwo, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda a Edzi, akupitilizabe kulimbana nawo:

Bodza # 1: HIV ndi chilango cha imfa.

"Ndi chithandizo choyenera, tsopano tikuyembekeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV azikhala ndi moyo wathanzi," akutero Dr. Michael Horberg, wamkulu wa bungwe la HIV / AIDS ku Kaiser Permanente.

"Kuyambira mu 1996, ndikubwera kwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri, ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV yemwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV (ART) angayembekezere kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, bola ngati atamwa mankhwala ake," akuwonjezera Dr. Amesh A. Adalja, dokotala wovomerezeka wa matenda opatsirana, komanso katswiri wamaphunziro ku Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Amagwiranso ntchito ku City of Pittsburgh's HIV Commission komanso pagulu laupangiri wa AIDS Free Pittsburgh.

Bodza lachiwiri: Mutha kudziwa ngati wina ali ndi HIV / Edzi pomuyang'ana.

Ngati munthu atenga kachilombo ka HIV, zizindikirazo zimakhala zosadabwitsa. Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro zomwe zikufanana ndi matenda ena aliwonse, monga malungo, kutopa, kapena kufooka. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilo zoyambira pang'ono zimangodutsa masabata ochepa.

Poyambitsa koyambirira kwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kuyendetsedwa bwino. Munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amene amalandira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV ndi wathanzi ndipo sali wosiyana ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu.

Zizindikiro zomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amayanjana ndi HIV ndizizindikiro za zovuta zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha matenda okhudzana ndi Edzi kapena zovuta zina. Komabe, ndi mankhwala okwanira a ma ARV ndi mankhwala, zizindikilozi sizidzapezeka mwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Bodza # 3: Anthu owongoka sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Ndizowona kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna omwe amakhalanso ndi amuna ogonana nawo. Achinyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

"Tikudziwa kuti gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna," akutero Dr. Horberg. Gululi limawerengera pafupifupi ku USA, malinga ndi CDC.

Komabe, anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali ndi 24% ya omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV mu 2016, ndipo pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu mwa iwo anali azimayi.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa amuna akuda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumakhalabe kofanana ku United States, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwatsika kuyambira 2008 ndi 18 peresenti. Kuzindikira pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwatsika ndi 36 peresenti, ndikuchepetsa pakati pa azimayi onse ndi 16%.

Anthu aku Africa-America ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi vuto logonana. , kuchuluka kwa omwe amapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwa amuna akuda ndiwowirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa azungu komanso kupitilira azimayi akuda; mlingowo ndiwokwera kakhumi ndi 16 kuposa azimayi akuda kuposa azungu, komanso kasanu kuposa azimayi aku Spain. Amayi aku Africa-America amatenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse kapena mafuko ena. Kuyambira mu 2015, azimayi 59% omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku United States anali African-American, pomwe 19% anali Hispanic / Latina, ndipo 17% anali azungu.

Bodza # 4: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sangakhale ndi ana bwinobwino.

Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angachite pokonzekera kutenga mimba ndikugwira ntchito ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wake kuti ayambe kumwa mankhwala a ART mwachangu. Chifukwa chithandizo cha kachilombo ka HIV chapita patsogolo kwambiri, ngati mayi amamwa mankhwala ake a HIV tsiku ndi tsiku monga momwe amalandiririra azachipatala nthawi yonse yomwe ali ndi pakati (kuphatikiza kubereka ndi kubereka), ndikupitiliza mankhwala kwa mwana wake kwa milungu 4 mpaka 6 atabadwa, chiopsezo Kupatsirana kachilombo ka HIV kwa khanda kungakhale.

Palinso njira zomwe mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ngati kachilombo ka HIV kakuposa momwe akufunira, monga kusankha gawo la C kapena kumwa mkaka wa m'mabotolo akabadwa.

Amayi omwe alibe HIV koma akufuna kutenga pakati ndi amuna anzawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amathanso kumwa mankhwala apadera othandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa iwo ndi ana awo. Kwa amuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo akumwa mankhwala awo a ART, chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndi zero ngati kachilombo ka HIV sikapezeka.

Nthano # 5: HIV nthawi zonse imayambitsa matenda a Edzi.

HIV ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa Edzi. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi HIV adzayamba kudwala Edzi. Edzi ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso matenda opatsirana. Edzi imapewa ndi kuchiza msanga kachirombo ka HIV.

"Ndi chithandizo chamakono, kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikucheperachepera, kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali motero kumateteza matenda opatsirana ndikupeza Edzi," akulongosola Dr. Richard Jimenez, pulofesa wa zaumoyo ku Walden University .

Bodza # 6: Ndi mankhwala onse amakono, HIV sichinthu chachikulu.

Ngakhale pakhala kupita patsogolo kwachipatala pochiza kachilombo ka HIV, kachilomboka kangathenso kubweretsa zovuta, ndipo chiwopsezo chaimfa ndichofunikabe m'magulu ena a anthu.

Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV komanso momwe zimakhudzira munthu zimasiyanasiyana kutengera msinkhu, jenda, kugonana, moyo, komanso chithandizo. CDC ili ndi Chida Chothandizira Kuchepetsa Chiwopsezo chomwe chitha kuthandiza munthu kuti aganizire zoopsa zake ndikuchita zinthu zodzitetezera.

Bodza # 7: Ngati nditenga PrEP, sindikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kupewa kachilombo ka HIV pasadakhale, ngati atamwa tsiku lililonse.

Malinga ndi Dr. Horberg, kafukufuku wochokera ku Kaiser Permanente mu 2015 adatsata anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PrEP kwa zaka ziwiri ndi theka, ndipo adapeza kuti imathandiza kwambiri popewera kachirombo ka HIV, ngati atengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) pano ikulimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV atenge PrEP.

Komabe, siziteteza ku matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kapena matenda.

"PrEP ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi machitidwe ogonana otetezeka, popeza kafukufuku wathu adawonetsanso kuti theka la odwala omwe adatenga nawo gawo adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana patatha miyezi 12," akutero Dr. Horberg.

Chikhulupiriro chabodza # 8: Omwe akayezetsa kuti alibe HIV atha kugonana mosadziteteza.

Ngati munthu wapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV posachedwa, mwina sangawonekere kukayezetsa kachirombo ka HIV mpaka patadutsa miyezi itatu.

"Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe a anti-anti okha amagwirira ntchito pozindikira kupezeka kwa chitetezo mthupi chomwe chimayamba HIV ikalowa mthupi," akulongosola motero Dr. Gerald Schochetman, wamkulu wa matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi Abbott Diagnostics. Kutengera kuyesa, kuyeza kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumatha kupezeka patatha milungu ingapo, kapena mpaka miyezi itatu kuthekera kuwonekera. Funsani munthu amene akuyesa za nthawi ya zenerayi komanso nthawi yobwereza.

Anthu akuyenera kukayezanso kachilombo ka HIV patatha miyezi itatu, kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe amene wawerenga. Ngati akugonana pafupipafupi, San Francisco AIDS Foundation ikuwonetsa kuti akayezedwe miyezi itatu iliyonse. Ndikofunikira kuti munthu azikambirana zakugonana ndi wokondedwa wawo, komanso kuti alankhule ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala ngati iwo ndi anzawo ali oyenerera PrEP.

Mayesero ena, omwe amadziwika kuti kuyesa kwa kachilombo ka HIV, amatha kuzindikira kachilomboka koyambirira.

Nthano # 9: Ngati onse awiri ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, palibe chifukwa cha kondomu.

kuti munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV yemwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV omwe amachepetsa kachilomboka m'magazi osawoneka sangatenge kachilombo ka HIV kwa wokondedwa wake panthawi yogonana. Mgwirizano wapano wazachipatala ndiwoti "Zosawoneka = Zosasunthika."

Komabe, CDC ikulimbikitsa kuti ngakhale onse atakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV, agwiritse ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse pogonana. Nthawi zina, ndizotheka kupatsira kachilombo ka HIV kwa mnzake, kapena nthawi zina, kupatsira kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamawerengedwa kuti ndi "kachilombo koyambitsa matenda" kamene kamakhala kosagwirizana ndi mankhwala a ART apano.

Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikosowa kwambiri; CDC imaganizira kuti chiopsezo chili pakati pa 1 ndi 4 peresenti.

Chotengera

Ngakhale mwatsoka palibe kachilombo ka HIV / Edzi, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wopindulitsa atazindikira msanga komanso kulandira ma ARV.

"Ngakhale njira zamakono zothanirana ndi ma ARV zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakhale kotsika kwambiri ndikupewa kuti kasapangireko ndikuwononga chitetezo cha mthupi kwa nthawi yayitali, palibe mankhwala a Edzi kapena katemera wolimbana ndi HIV, kachilombo koyambitsa Edzi," akufotokoza Dr. Jimenez.

Nthawi yomweyo, kulingalira kwakanthawi ndikuti ngati munthu atha kupondereza ma virus, ndiye kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikapita patsogolo motero sadzawononga chitetezo cha mthupi. Pali zidziwitso zomwe zimathandizira kufupikitsa moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la ma virus poyerekeza ndi omwe alibe HIV.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwachulukirachulukira, malinga ndi, pakadalibe milandu yatsopano pafupifupi 50,000 chaka chilichonse ku United States kokha.

Chodetsa nkhaŵa, "anthu atsopano omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV awonjezeka pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuphatikiza azimayi achikuda, anyamata omwe amagonana ndi amuna, komanso anthu ovuta kufikira," atero Dr. Jimenez.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? HIV ndi Edzi ndizodandaula kwambiri pagulu. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kufikiridwa kukayezetsa ndi kulandira chithandizo. Ngakhale kupita patsogolo pakuyesa komanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala monga PrEP, ino si nthawi yoti munthu akhale pansi.

Malinga ndi CDC):

• Opitilira 1.2 miliyoni aku America ali ndi HIV.
• Chaka chilichonse, anthu aku America okwana 50,000 amapezeka
  ndi HIV.
• Edzi, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha HIV, imapha anthu 14,000
  Achimereka chaka chilichonse.

“Achinyamata atha kuopa kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa chamankhwala opambana. Izi zawapangitsa kuti azichita zinthu zowopsa, zomwe zimawatengera anyamata ambiri omwe amagonana ndi amuna anzawo. ”

- Dr.Amesh Adalja