Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Mayeso a MMPI

Zamkati

• MMPI-2 ndi chiyani?
• Kodi pali matembenuzidwe ena?
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yanji?
• Kodi masikelo azachipatala a MMPI ndi ati?
• Kukula 1: Hypochondriasis
• Kukula 2: Kukhumudwa
• Kukula 3: Hysteria
• Kukula 4: Psychopathic amapatuka
• Scale 5: Ukazi wamwamuna / ukazi
• Kukula 6: Paranoia
• Kukula 7: Psychasthenia
• Mulingo 8: Schizophrenia
• Kukula 9: Hypomania
• Scale 10: Kulowerera pagulu
• Nanga bwanji masikelo ovomerezeka?
• "L" kapena kunama sikelo
• Mulingo wa "F"
• Mulingo wa "K"
• Mulingo wa CNS
• Masikelo a TRIN ndi VRIN
• Mulingo wa Fb
• Kukula kwa Fp
• Mulingo wa FBS
• Mulingo wa "S"
• Kodi mayesowa akuphatikizapo chiyani?
• Mfundo yofunika

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) ndiimodzi mwamayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuyesaku kunapangidwa ndi katswiri wazamisala Starke Hathaway ndi neuropsychiatrist JC McKinley, mamembala awiri aukadaulo ku University of Minnesota. Linapangidwa kuti likhale chida cha akatswiri azaumoyo kuti athandizire kuzindikira zovuta zamatenda amisala.

Chiyambire kusindikizidwa mu 1943, mayesowa adasinthidwa kangapo pofuna kuthana ndi kusankhana mitundu komanso kuti akhale olondola. Mayeso omwe asinthidwa, omwe amadziwika kuti MMPI-2, asinthidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko opitilira 40.

Nkhaniyi iyang'anitsitsa mayeso a MMPI-2, zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira.

MMPI-2 ndi chiyani?

MMPI-2 ndiwofufuza komwe muli ndi mafunso 567 abodza onena za inu nokha. Mayankho anu amathandiza akatswiri azaumoyo kudziwa ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za matenda amisala kapena umunthu.

Mafunso ena adapangidwa kuti awulule momwe mumamvera mukamayesa mayeso. Mafunso ena amapangidwa kuti awulule ngati mukunenadi zoona kapena mukulengeza mopitirira muyeso kuti muthe kukopa zotsatira za mayeso.

Kwa anthu ambiri, mayeso a MMPI-2 amatenga mphindi 60 mpaka 90 kuti amalize.

Kodi pali matembenuzidwe ena?

Chiyeso chachifupi cha mayeso, MMPI-2 Reformured Form (RF), ili ndi mafunso 338. Mtundu wofupikitsawu umatenga nthawi yochepera kuti umalize - pakati pa mphindi 35 ndi 50 kwa anthu ambiri.

Ofufuza apanganso mtundu wa mayeso a achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 14 mpaka 18. Kuyesaku, komwe kumadziwika kuti MMPI-A, kuli ndi mafunso 478 ndipo kumatha kumaliza pafupifupi ola limodzi.

Palinso mtundu wamfupi woyeserera wachinyamata wotchedwa MMPI-A-RF. Yopezeka mu 2016, MMPI-A-RF ili ndi mafunso 241 ndipo imatha kumaliza mphindi 25 mpaka 45.

Ngakhale kuyesa kwakanthawi kochepa sikudya nthawi, madokotala ambiri amasankha kuwunika kwakanthawi chifukwa kwafufuzidwa pazaka zambiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yanji?

Mayeso a MMPI amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupeza matenda amisala, koma akatswiri ambiri azamisala samadalira mayeso amodzi kuti adziwe. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza momwe amathandizira poyeserera.

MMPI iyenera kuperekedwa kokha ndi woyang'anira woyeserera, koma zotsatira zake nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena.

Kuyesa kwa MMPI nthawi zina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamikangano yosunga ana, mapulogalamu osokoneza bongo, maphunziro, komanso kuwunika ntchito.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito MMPI ngati gawo limodzi la ntchito kuyambitsa mikangano. Othandizira ena amati zimaphwanya zomwe a America ndi Disability Act (ADA) amapereka.

Kodi masikelo azachipatala a MMPI ndi ati?

Zinthu zoyeserera pa MMPI zidapangidwa kuti zizindikire komwe muli pamiyeso khumi yamisala.

Mulingo uliwonse umakhudzana ndimalingaliro kapena chikhalidwe chosiyana cha malingaliro, koma pali zochulukira zambiri pakati pamiyeso. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwambiri kumatha kuwonetsa matenda amisala.

Nayi malongosoledwe achidule pazomwe muyeso uliwonse umawunika.

Kukula 1: Hypochondriasis

Mulingo uwu uli ndi zinthu 32 ndipo adapangidwa kuti azitha kudziwa ngati muli ndi nkhawa zosavulaza thanzi lanu.

Kulemba pamlingo uwu kungatanthauze kuti kuda nkhawa ndi thanzi lanu kukusokonezani moyo wanu ndikupangitsa mavuto m'mabanja anu.

Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu la Scale 1 atha kukhala ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi zizindikilo zakuthupi zomwe sizimayambitsa, makamaka munthawi yamavuto.

Kukula 2: Kukhumudwa

Mulingo uwu, womwe uli ndi zinthu 57, umakhutiritsa moyo wanu.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi gawo labwino kwambiri la Scale 2 atha kukhala ndi vuto lakukhumudwa kapena amakhala ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha pafupipafupi.

Mphambu yokwera pang'ono pamlingo uwu ikhoza kukhala chisonyezero chakuti mwadzipatula kapena simukukhutira ndi zomwe muli.

Kukula 3: Hysteria

Mulingo wazinthu 60 umayesa momwe mumayankhira kupsinjika, kuphatikiza zizindikilo zanu zakuthupi komanso momwe mumamvera mukapanikizika.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ululu wopweteka amatha kukwera kwambiri pamiyeso itatu yoyambirira chifukwa chodandaula kwakanthawi.

Kukula 4: Psychopathic amapatuka

Mulingo woyambirirawu udapangidwa kuti awulule ngati mukukumana ndi psychopathology.

Zinthu zake 50 zimayesa machitidwe osagwirizana ndi anzawo komanso malingaliro awo, kuwonjezera pakumvera kapena kukana ulamuliro.

Ngati mungakwere bwino kwambiri pamlingo uwu, mutha kulandira matenda amisala.

Scale 5: Ukazi wamwamuna / ukazi

Cholinga choyambirira cha gawo loyesa mafunso la 56 linali loti apereke chidziwitso chokhudza kugonana kwa anthu. Zimayambira nthawi yomwe akatswiri ena azaumoyo amawona kukopeka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati vuto.

Lero, sikelo iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika momwe mumaonekera mofanana nthawi zonse ndi zikhalidwe za amuna ndi akazi.

Kukula 6: Paranoia

Mulingo uwu, womwe uli ndi mafunso 40, umawunika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala, makamaka:

• kukayikira kwambiri anthu ena
• kuganiza kwakukulu
• kulingalira kolimba kwakuda ndi kuyera
• malingaliro ozunzidwa ndi anthu

Zambiri pamlingo uwu zitha kuwonetsa kuti muli ndi vuto la psychosis kapena matenda amisala.

Kukula 7: Psychasthenia

Izi muyeso yazinthu 48:

• nkhawa
• kukhumudwa
• makhalidwe okakamiza
• Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD)

Mawu oti "psychasthenia" sagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati matenda, koma akatswiri azamisala amagwiritsabe ntchito muyeso uwu ngati njira yowunika kukakamizidwa kosakhala koyenera komanso malingaliro osokoneza omwe amayambitsa.

Mulingo 8: Schizophrenia

Mulingo wazinthu 78 umapangidwa kuti uwonetse ngati muli, kapena mukukula, matenda a schizophrenia.

Ikuwona ngati mukukumana ndi kuyerekezera zinthu, kuyerekezera, kapena kukumana ndi malingaliro osokonekera kwambiri. Zimasankhanso pamlingo womwe mungadzimve kuti muli kutali ndi anthu ena onse.

Kukula 9: Hypomania

Cholinga cha kukula kwa zinthu 46 ndikuwunika zomwe zimakhudzana ndi hypomania, kuphatikiza:

• mphamvu zopanda malire
• kuyankhula mwachangu
• malingaliro othamanga
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kunyinyirika
• chinyengo cha ukulu

Ngati muli ndi Scale 9, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika.

Scale 10: Kulowerera pagulu

Chimodzi mwazowonjezera pambuyo pa MMPI, mulingo wazinthu 69 uwu umayesa kupotoza kapena kuyambitsa. Umu ndi momwe mumafunira kapena kusiya kucheza nawo.

Mulingo uwu umaganizira, mwazinthu zina, zanu:

• mpikisano
• kutsatira
• manyazi
• kudalilika

Nanga bwanji masikelo ovomerezeka?

Masikelo ovomerezeka amathandizira oyang'anira mayeso kumvetsetsa momwe mayankho a omwe akuyesa mayeso alidi oona.

Nthawi zomwe zotsatira zoyeserera zingakhudze moyo wa munthu, monga ntchito kapena kusungidwa kwa ana, anthu atha kulimbikitsidwa kuti azichita malipoti ochulukirapo, kusimba lipoti, kapena kusakhulupirika. Masikelo awa amathandizira kuwulula mayankho olakwika.

"L" kapena kunama sikelo

Anthu omwe amakwera kwambiri sikelo ya "L" atha kukhala akuyesera kuti adziwonetse bwino mwa kukana kuvomereza zikhalidwe kapena mayankho omwe amawopa kuti angawapangitse kuwoneka oyipa.

Mulingo wa "F"

Pokhapokha ngati akusankha mayankho mwachisawawa, anthu omwe amakwera kwambiri pamlingo uwu atha kukhala kuti akuyesera kuwoneka ngati ovuta kuposa momwe aliri.

Zinthu zoyeserazi zikufuna kuwulula zosagwirizana pamayankho. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu pamlingo wa "F" kungathenso kuwonetsa kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena psychopathology.

Mulingo wa "K"

Zinthu zoyesa 30 izi zimayang'ana pa kudziletsa komanso ubale. Amapangidwa kuti awulule kudzitchinjiriza kwa munthu pamafunso ena ndi machitidwe ake.

Monga sikelo ya "L", zinthu pa sikelo ya "K" zidapangidwa kuti ziwonetse kufunikira kwa munthu kuti awoneke moyenera.

Mulingo wa CNS

Nthawi zina amatchedwa "Sangathe Kunena" sikelo, kuwunika konse kwa mayeso onse kumayesa kuti munthu sayankha kangati mayeso.

Mayeso okhala ndi mafunso opitilira 30 osayankhidwa atha kukhala osavomerezeka.

Masikelo a TRIN ndi VRIN

Masikelo awiriwa amapeza mayankho omwe akuwonetsa kuti yemwe akuyesa mayeso adasankha mayankho osaganizira kwenikweni funsolo.

Mu kachitidwe ka TRIN (True Response Inconsistency), wina amagwiritsa ntchito mayankho okhazikika, monga asanu "owona" otsatiridwa ndi mayankho asanu "abodza".

Munthawi ya VRIN (Varied Response Inconsistency), munthu amayankha mwachinyengo ndi "zabodza."

Mulingo wa Fb

Kuti mupeze kusintha kwakukulu kwa mayankho pakati pa theka loyamba ndi lachiwiri la mayeso, oyang'anira mayeso amayang'ana mafunso 40 mgawo lachiwiri la mayeso omwe nthawi zambiri samavomerezedwa.

Mukayankha kuti "zowona" pamafunso awa kangapo makumi awiri kuposa momwe mungayankhire "zabodza," woyang'anira mayesowo atha kuganiza kuti china chake chikusokoneza mayankho anu.

Zitha kukhala kuti watopa, wasokonezeka, kapena wasokonezeka, kapena kuti wayamba kupereka lipoti pazifukwa zina.

Kukula kwa Fp

Zinthu zoyeserera izi za 27 zikuwululidwa ngati mukupereka malipoti mwadala kapena mosadziwa, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa matenda amisala kapena kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Mulingo wa FBS

Zinthu zoyeserera izi za 43, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "chizindikiro chotsimikizika", zidapangidwa kuti zizindikiritse mwadala malipoti a zizindikiro. Izi nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika ngati anthu akufuna kuvulala kapena kudzinenera.

Mulingo wa "S"

Mulingo Wodziwonetsera Wapamwamba kwambiri umayang'ana momwe mungayankhire mafunso 50 okhudza kukhazikika, kukhutira, chikhalidwe, ubwino wa anthu, ndi zabwino monga kuleza mtima. Izi ndikuwona ngati mutha kupotoza mwadala mayankho kuti muwonekere bwino.

Ngati munganene lipoti la mafunso 44 mwa 50, sikeloyo ikuwonetsa kuti mwina mukumva kufunika kodzitchinjiriza.

Kodi mayesowa akuphatikizapo chiyani?

MMPI-2 ili ndi zinthu zonse zoyeserera 567, ndipo zikutengerani pakati pa 60 ndi 90 mphindi kuti mumalize. Ngati mutenga MMPI2-RF, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti mutha kukhala pakati pa 35 ndi 50 mphindi kuyankha mafunso 338.

Pali timabuku tomwe tikupezeka, koma mutha kuyesanso pa intaneti, nokha kapena pagulu.

Mayesowa ndi ovomerezeka ndi University of Minnesota. Ndikofunika kuti mayeso anu aperekedwe ndikulandila malingana ndi malangizo aboma.

Kuti mutsimikizire kuti zotsatira zanu zimamasuliridwa ndikufotokozedwera molondola, ndibwino kuti mugwire ntchito ndi katswiri wazamisala kapena wamisala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pamayeso amtunduwu.

Mfundo yofunika

MMPI ndiyeso lofufuzidwa bwino komanso lolemekezedwa lomwe lapangidwa kuti lithandizire akatswiri azaumoyo kuzindikira zovuta zamatenda amisala.

Ndizolemba zomwe zimadziyesa zokha zomwe zimawunika komwe mungagwere pamiyeso 10 yokhudzana ndi zovuta zamatenda osiyanasiyana. Chiyesocho chimagwiritsanso ntchito masikelo ovomerezeka kuthandiza oyang'anira mayeso kumvetsetsa momwe mumamvera polemba mayeso komanso ngati mwayankha mafunso molondola komanso moona mtima.

Kutengera mtundu wanji wamayeso omwe mungatenge, mutha kuyembekeza kuthera pakati pa 35 ndi 90 mphindi kuyankha mafunso.

MMPI ndiyeso lodalirika komanso logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma katswiri wazamaganizidwe sangapangitse matenda kutengera chida chokhacho chowunikira.