Plasmapheresis: ndi chiyani, momwe zimachitikira komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike

Zamkati

• Ndi chiyani
• Momwe zimachitikira
• Zotheka zovuta za plasmapheresis

Plasmapheresis ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati matenda ali ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala zowononga thanzi, monga mapuloteni, ma enzyme kapena ma antibodies, mwachitsanzo.

Chifukwa chake, plasmapheresis itha kulimbikitsidwa pochiza Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Guillain-Barré Syndrome ndi Myasthenia Gravis, omwe ndi matenda omwe amangodziyimira pawokha omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa minofu chifukwa chopanga ma autoantibodies.

Njirayi cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zili mu plasma kudzera mu kusefera. Madzi a m'magazi amafanana ndi pafupifupi 10% yamagazi ndipo amakhala ndi mapuloteni, shuga, michere, mahomoni ndi zinthu zotseka magazi, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zambiri za zigawo za magazi ndi magwiridwe ake.

Ndi chiyani

Plasmapheresis ndi njira yomwe cholinga chake ndi kusefa magazi, kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zilipo mu plasma ndikubwezeretsa plasma mthupi popanda zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kapena kupitiriza matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, njirayi imawonetsedwa pochiza matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina m'madzi am'magazi, monga ma antibodies, albin kapena zinthu zotseka, monga:

• Lupus;
• Myasthenia gravis;
• Angapo myeloma;
• Macroglobulinemia ya Waldenstrom;
• Matenda a Guillain-Barré;
• Matenda angapo ofoola ziwalo;
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (PTT);

Ngakhale plasmapheresis ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pochiza matendawa, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo apitilize kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi adotolo, chifukwa momwe njirayi siyilepheretse kupanga zinthu zokhudzana ndi matendawa.

Ndiye kuti, ngati matenda amadzimadzi okhaokha, mwachitsanzo, plasmapheresis amalimbikitsa kuchotsa ma autoantibodies owonjezera, komabe kupanga kwa ma antibodies sikulemala, ndipo munthuyo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Momwe zimachitikira

Plasmapheresis imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito catheter yomwe imayikidwa mgulu kapena chachikazi ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala pafupifupi maola awiri, zomwe zimatha kuchitika tsiku lililonse kapena masiku ena, malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala. Kutengera matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa, adotolo amalimbikitsa magawo ochepa kapena ocheperako, magawo 7 nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa.

Plasmapheresis ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi hemodialysis, momwe magazi amunthu amachotsedwa ndipo plasma imasiyanitsidwa. Plasma iyi imachita kusefera, momwe zinthu zomwe zilipo zimachotsedwa ndipo plasma yopanda mankhwala imabwezeretsedwanso m'thupi.

Njirayi, imasefa zinthu zonse zomwe zili mu plasma, zopindulitsa komanso zovulaza, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopindulitsa kumasinthidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito thumba la plasma lomwe limaperekedwa ndi banki yamagazi pachipatalapo, kupewa mavuto munthu.

Zotheka zovuta za plasmapheresis

Plasmapheresis ndi njira yotetezeka, koma monga njira ina iliyonse yowopsa, ili ndi zoopsa, zoyambirira ndizo:

• Mapangidwe hematoma pa malo a venous mwayi;
• Kuopsa kwa matenda pamalo opezekapo;
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotaya magazi, chifukwa chotsitsa magazi omwe amapezeka m'madzi;
• Kuopsa kwakusintha kwa magazi, monga momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'madzi am'magazi omwe adathiridwa.

Chifukwa chake, kuti zitsimikizire kuti pamakhala zovuta zochepa, ndikofunikira kuti njirayi ichitidwe ndi katswiri wophunzitsidwa yemwe amalemekeza ukhondo wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti kuthiriridwa magazi am'magazi atsopano kumachitikanso, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zofunika kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino zilinso zokwanira.