Poliyo

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za poliyo ndi ziti?
• Poliyo yopanda ziwalo
• Wofa ziwalo
• Matenda a polio
• Kodi poliovirus imayambukira bwanji wina?
• Kodi madokotala amapeza bwanji poliyo?
• Kodi madokotala amachiza poliyo?
• Momwe mungapewere poliyo
• Mitengo ya katemera wa poliyo kwa ana
• Katemera wa polio padziko lonse lapansi
• Kuyambira mbiri ya poliyo mpaka pano

Kodi poliyo ndi chiyani?

Polio (yemwenso amadziwika kuti poliomyelitis) ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Ana ochepera zaka 5 ali ndi mwayi wotenga kachilomboka kuposa gulu lina lililonse.

Malinga ndi World Health Organisation (WHO), m'modzi mwa 200 matenda opatsirana polio amadzetsa ziwalo zosatha. Komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito yapadziko lonse yothana ndi polio mu 1988, zigawo zotsatirazi tsopano ndizopanda polio:

• Amereka
• Europe
• Western Pacific
• Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia

Katemera wa poliyo adapangidwa mu 1953 ndipo adayamba kupezeka mu 1957. Kuyambira pamenepo milandu ya poliyo yatsika ku United States.

Koma polio idakalipobe ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, ndi Nigeria. Kuchotsa poliyo kudzapindulitsa dziko lapansi pankhani yathanzi komanso chuma. Kuthetsa poliyo kumatha kupulumutsa ndalama zosachepera $ 40-50 biliyoni pazaka 20 zikubwerazi.

Kodi zizindikiro za poliyo ndi ziti?

Akuti 95 mpaka 99 peresenti ya anthu omwe amatenga poliovirus amakhala opanda chizindikiro. Izi zimatchedwa subclinical polio. Ngakhale popanda zizindikilo, anthu omwe ali ndi poliovirus amatha kufalitsabe kachilomboka ndikupangitsa matenda mwa ena.

Poliyo yopanda ziwalo

Zizindikiro za polio yopanda ziwalo zimatha kukhala tsiku limodzi mpaka khumi. Zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala chimfine ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• malungo
• chikhure
• mutu
• kusanza
• kutopa
• meninjaitisi

Poliyo yopanda ziwalo imadziwikanso kuti polio yotaya mimba.

Wofa ziwalo

Pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya matenda a poliyo amatha kukhala poliyo wakufa ziwalo. Matenda opuwala ziwalo amatsogolera ziwalo mumtsempha wa msana (poliyo), ubongo (bulbar polio), kapena onse (bulbospinal polio).

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimafanana ndi polio yopanda ziwalo. Koma patadutsa sabata, zizindikiro zowopsa zidzawonekera. Zizindikirozi ndi monga:

• kutaya kwa malingaliro
• kupweteka kwambiri ndi kupweteka kwa minofu
• miyendo yoluka ndi yopanda pake, nthawi zina mbali imodzi yokha ya thupi
• ziwalo mwadzidzidzi, osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika
• ziwalo zolumala, makamaka mchiuno, akakolo, ndi mapazi

Ndizochepa kuti ziwalo zonse zizikhala. ya milandu yonse ya poliyo imabweretsa ziwalo zosatha. Mwa 5-10 peresenti ya matenda opuwala poliyo, kachilomboka kadzaukira minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma ndikupha.

Matenda a polio

Ndizotheka kuti poliyo ibwererenso ngakhale mutachira. Izi zitha kuchitika patadutsa zaka 15 mpaka 40. Zizindikiro zodziwika za post-polio syndrome (PPS) ndi izi:

• kupitiriza kufooka kwa minofu ndi mafupa
• kupweteka kwa minofu komwe kumakulirakulira
• kutopa mosavuta kapena kutopa
• kuwonongeka kwa minofu, komwe kumatchedwanso minofu atrophy
• kuvuta kupuma ndi kumeza
• kugona tulo, kapena mavuto okhudzana ndi kupuma
• otsika kulolerana ozizira kutentha
• kuyambika kwatsopano kufooka m'minyewa yomwe sinatchulidwe kale
• kukhumudwa
• vuto ndi kusinkhasinkha ndi kukumbukira

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mwadwala poliyo ndipo mukuyamba kuwona izi. Akuyerekeza kuti 25 mpaka 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe adapulumuka poliyo adzalandira PPS. PPS sangathe kugwidwa ndi ena omwe ali ndi vutoli. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo njira zoyendetsera moyo wanu ndikuchepetsa kupweteka kapena kutopa.

Kodi poliovirus imayambukira bwanji wina?

Monga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana, polio imafalikira chifukwa chokhudzana ndi ndowe zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Zinthu monga zoseweretsa zomwe zayandikira ndowe zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka zitha kupatsiranso kachilomboka. Nthawi zina amatha kupatsira kudzera mukuyetsemula kapena kutsokomola, chifukwa kachilomboka kamakhala pakhosi ndi m'matumbo. Izi sizachilendo.

Anthu omwe amakhala m'malo opanda madzi kapena zimbudzi zoyenda nthawi zambiri amadwala poliyo kuchokera kumadzi akumwa omwe adetsedwa ndi zonyansa za anthu. Malinga ndi chipatala cha Mayo, kachilomboka kamafala kwakuti aliyense wokhala ndi wina yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amathanso kutenga kachilomboka.

Amayi apakati, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka - monga omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV - ndipo ana aang'ono ndi omwe amatenga kachilombo ka poliyo.

Ngati simunalandire katemera, mutha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga poliyo mukakhala:

• pitani kudera lomwe mwayambika poliyo posachedwa
• kusamalira kapena kukhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi poliyo
• gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa labotale wa kachilomboka
• achotse matani anu
• khalani ndi nkhawa yayikulu kapena ntchito yovuta mutatha kutenga kachilomboka

Kodi madokotala amapeza bwanji poliyo?

Dokotala wanu adzazindikira polio poyang'ana zizindikiro zanu. Adzayesa mwakuthupi ndikuyang'ana zovuta zosafunikira, kuuma kumbuyo ndi khosi, kapena kuvuta kukweza mutu wanu mutagona pansi.

Ma Labs ayesanso kuyesa pakhosi panu, chopondapo, kapena madzi a m'mimba a poliovirus.

Kodi madokotala amachiza poliyo?

Madokotala amatha kuthana ndi zizindikirazi pomwe matendawa amatha. Koma popeza palibe mankhwala, njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira poliyo ndi kupewa ndi katemera.

Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndi awa:

• kupumula kama
• Mankhwala othetsa ululu
• mankhwala antispasmodic kupumula minofu
• maantibayotiki opatsirana m'mikodzo
• ma ventilator othandizira kunyamula ndi kupuma
• kulimbitsa thupi kapena kukonza zolimbitsa thupi kuti zithandizire poyenda
• Mapepala otentha kapena matawulo ofunda kuti muchepetse kupweteka kwa minofu
• chithandizo chamankhwala chothandizira kupweteka kwa minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa
• chithandizo chamankhwala chothana ndi zovuta kupuma ndi m'mapapo mwanga
• kukonzanso kwa m'mapapo kumawonjezera kupirira kwamapapo

Pakakhala kufooka mwendo, mungafunike njinga ya olumala kapena chida china choyenda.

Momwe mungapewere poliyo

Njira yabwino yopewera poliyo ndi kulandira katemera. Ana ayenera kuwombera polio malinga ndi katemera woperekedwa ndi (CDC).

Ndondomeko ya katemera wa CDC

Mitengo ya katemera wa poliyo kwa ana

Nthawi zambiri kuwombera kumeneku kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta kapena zovuta, monga:

• mavuto opuma
• malungo akulu
• chizungulire
• ming'oma
• kutupa pakhosi
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu

Akuluakulu ku United States sali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga poliyo. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimakhala popita kudera lomwe poliyo idakalipo. Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza akatemera angapo musanayende.

Katemera wa polio padziko lonse lapansi

Ponseponse, matenda a polio atsika ndi 99%. Milandu 74 yokha ndi yomwe idanenedwa mu 2015.

Polio ikupitilirabe ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, ndi Nigeria.

Kuyambira mbiri ya poliyo mpaka pano

Polio ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana kwambiri kamene kangayambitse mitsempha ya msana ndi ziwalo za ubongo. Amakonda kukhudza ana ochepera zaka 5. Milandu ya poliyo inafika ku United States mu 1952 ndi milandu 57,623. Kuyambira Pulojekiti Yothandizira Katemera wa Polio, United States yakhala ilibe polio kuyambira 1979.

Ngakhale mayiko ena ambiri ndiofotokozedwanso kuti alibe polio, kachilomboka kakugwirabe ntchito m'maiko omwe sanayambe ntchito zothandiza anthu kuti adwale. Malinga ndi, ngakhale vuto limodzi la polio limayika ana m'maiko onse pachiwopsezo.

Afghanistan ikuyenera kuyamba ntchito yake yopereka katemera koyambirira kwa Okutobala ndi Novembala wa 2016. Masiku ndi Katemera Wadziko Lonse akukonzekera ndipo akupitilira mayiko aku West Africa. Mutha kukhala ndi chidziwitso pakutha kwa milandu patsamba la The Global Polio Eradication Initiative.