Kutentha kwa Nkhumba: Momwe Mungapewere Nkhumba Mosamala

Zamkati

• Zovuta zaumoyo za nkhumba zophika
• Momwe mungayezere kutentha
• Malangizo a kutentha
• Malangizo ena a chitetezo cha chakudya cha nkhumba
• Mfundo yofunika

Kuphika nyama kutentha koyenera ndikofunika pankhani yachitetezo cha chakudya.

Ndikofunikira popewa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Nyama ya nkhumba imakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, ndipo kusintha kwa malonda m'zaka 10 zapitazi kwachititsa kuti pakhale malangizo atsopano okhudza kukonzekera nkhumba.

Nayi njira yophika bwino nkhumba kuti mupewe zovuta zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake.

Zovuta zaumoyo za nkhumba zophika

Trichinella spiralis ndi mtundu wa nyongolotsi zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka mumitundu yambiri yamatenda odyera padziko lonse lapansi - kuphatikiza nkhumba ().

Nyama zimatha kutenga kachilomboka zitadya nyama zina kapena zidutswa za nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi tizilomboto.

Nyongolotsi zimakula m'matumbo a wolandirayo, kenako zimatulutsa mphutsi zomwe zimadutsa m'magazi ndikukakidwa muminyewa ().

Kudya nyama yankhumba yosaphika yomwe ili ndi Trichinella spiralis zingayambitse matenda a trichinosis, matenda omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi malungo.

Mwamwayi, kusintha kwaukhondo, malamulo okhudzana ndi kutaya zinyalala, komanso njira zodzitetezera kumateteza ku matenda zadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu pakufalikira kwa trichinosis mzaka 50 zapitazi (3).

M'malo mwake, kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2012, milandu pafupifupi 15 imangonena chaka chilichonse ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - yocheperako poyerekeza ndi kale ().

Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la 1943 lochokera ku National Institute of Health lidayerekezera kuti tizilomboto timafalitsa pafupifupi 16% ya anthu aku US (3).

Ngakhale kuchepa kwa matenda a trichinosis, kuphika koyenera ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.

Kuphika nkhumba kumathandizanso kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Izi zikuphatikiza Salmonella, Msika, Listeria, ndipo Yersinia enterocolitica, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa malungo, kuzizira, komanso kugaya m'mimba ().

Kudya nkhumba zomwe zili ndi Trichinella spiralis kumatha kuyambitsa trichinosis. Ngakhale kusintha kwamakampani azakudya kwachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda, kuphika nkhumba bwino ndikofunikira popewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Momwe mungayezere kutentha

Kugwiritsa ntchito digito yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri yoyezera kutentha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nkhumba yophikidwa monsemo.

Yambani ndikuyika thermometer pakatikati pa nyama pakatikati kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri komanso yomaliza kuphika.

Onetsetsani kuti thermometer sikugwira fupa kuti muwerenge molondola kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka thermometer yanu ndi madzi a sopo musanagwiritse ntchito komanso mukamaliza.

Nkhumba ikangofika kutentha komwe ikufunidwa, chotsani pamalo otentha ndikusiya nyama kupuma kwa mphindi zitatu musanadye kapena kudya.

Kupatula nyama yankhumba, masitepe awa amalimbikitsidwa kuti mabala onse athandizire kupha mabakiteriya onse ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha chakudya ().

Malangizo a kutentha

Kuphika moyenera ndi imodzi mwanjira zothandiza kwambiri popewa trichinosis, matenda omwe amabwera ndi tiziromboti Trichinella spiralis.

M'mbuyomu, timalimbikitsidwa kuphika nyama ya nkhumba kutentha kwamkati osachepera 160 ° F (71 ° C) - mosasamala kanthu kocheka - kupewa matenda.

Komabe, mu 2011, dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku United States (USDA) idasinthiranso malingaliro awo kuti awonetse kusintha kwachitetezo cha chakudya ndikuchepetsa kufala kwa trichinosis.

Tsopano akulimbikitsidwa kuphika nyama zankhumba, zophika, ndi zowotchera mpaka 145 ° F (63 ° C) - zomwe zimalola kuti nyamayo isunge chinyezi chake komanso chisangalalo chake popanda kuyiyanika (6).

Zakudya zanyama, nyama yankhumba, ndi zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi nthaka ya nkhumba ziyenera kuphikirabe mpaka 160 ° F (71 ° C).

USDA ikulimbikitsanso kuloleza nyama kukhala kwa mphindi zitatu musanadye mitundu yonse ya nkhumba kupatula nkhumba yanthaka.

Nayi kutentha kophika kocheperako pang'ono pochepetsa kwambiri nkhumba (6):

Kuphika nkhumba bwino kumatha kuthetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo. Nyama iyenera kuphikidwa kutentha kwa 145-160 ° F (63-71 ° C) ndikuloledwa kupumula osachepera mphindi zitatu musanadye.

Malangizo ena a chitetezo cha chakudya cha nkhumba

Kuphatikiza pa kuphika nkhumba mokwanira, pali zina zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira mukamagwira nyama yamtunduwu.

Pongoyambira, nkhumba yaiwisi komanso yophika imatha kusungidwa mufiriji masiku a 3-4 kutentha kosakwana 40 ° F (4 ° C).

Onetsetsani kukulunga nkhumba mwamphamvu ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mpweya kuti nyama isamaume.

Zakudya zosaphika ziyeneranso kusungidwa pashelefu pansi pa firiji kuti mupewe kusamutsa mabakiteriya kuzakudya zina.

Mukamaphika nkhumba, onetsetsani kuti mukuphika pamalo aukhondo ndipo gwiritsani ntchito ziwiya zosiyana ndi matabwa odulira mukakonza zakudya zina nthawi imodzi.

Pewani kulola zakudya zophika kapena zakudya zomwe sizikufuna kuphika kuti zizikumana ndi nyama yaiwisi kuti iteteze kuwonongeka.

Pomaliza, onetsetsani kuti mwasunga zotsalira mufiriji mwachangu ndipo musasiye nkhumba kutentha kwapakati pa maola awiri kuti muteteze pakukula kwa mabakiteriya.

Kuphatikiza kuphika nkhumba mokwanira, kusamalira ndi kusunga bwino ndikofunikira posungitsa chitetezo cha chakudya.

Mfundo yofunika

Ngakhale malangizo opangira nkhumba asintha m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuyeserera chitetezo cha chakudya kumakhalabe kofunikira popewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Kutsatira malangizo oyenera kuphika nkhumba kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha trichinosis, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chodya nkhumba yosaphika yoyipitsidwa ndi Trichinella spiralis tiziromboti.

USDA imalimbikitsa kuti nyama yankhumba iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka kutentha kwa 145-160 ° F (63-71 ° C) - kutengera mdulidwe - ndikuloledwa kupumula osachepera mphindi zitatu musanadye.

Kusamalira ndi kusunga moyenera ndizofunikanso kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chotenga matenda a bakiteriya.