Retinitis pigmentosa: Ndi chiyani, Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Momwe mungadziwire
• Momwe mungatsimikizire
• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Mitundu ina ya retinitis
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Retinitis, yotchedwanso retinosis, imaphatikizapo matenda omwe amakhudza retina, dera lofunika kumbuyo kwa diso lomwe limakhala ndi ma cell omwe amayang'anira kujambula zithunzi. Zimayambitsa zizindikilo monga kuchepa kwa masomphenya ndikutha kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndipo kumatha kubweretsa khungu.

Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi retinitis pigmentosa, matenda osachiritsika omwe amachititsa kuti khungu lisawonongeke pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri, limayambitsidwa ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, zina zomwe zimayambitsa retinitis zimatha kuphatikizira matenda, monga cytomegalovirus, herpes, chikuku, chindoko kapena bowa, kupwetekedwa m'maso ndi mankhwala owopsa a mankhwala ena, monga chloroquine kapena chlorpromazine, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala, ndizotheka kuchiza matendawa, kutengera chifukwa chake komanso kukula kwa kuvulala, ndipo atha kukhala ndi chitetezo ku ma radiation a dzuwa ndikuwonjezera vitamini A ndi omega 3.

Momwe mungadziwire

Pigmentary retinitis imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a photoreceptor, otchedwa ma cones ndi ndodo, zomwe zimajambula zithunzi zamtundu komanso zamdima.

Zitha kukhudza 1 kapena maso onse, ndipo zizindikilo zazikulu zomwe zingachitike ndi izi:

• Masomphenya olakwika;
• Kuchepetsa kapena kusintha mawonekedwe owonera, makamaka m'malo opanda kuwala;
• Khungu usiku;
• Kutaya kwa masomphenya kapena kusintha kwa mawonekedwe owonekera;

Kutaya masomphenya kumatha kukulira pang'onopang'ono, pamlingo wosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, ndipo kumatha kubweretsa khungu m'diso lomwe lakhudzidwa, lotchedwanso amaurosis. Kuphatikiza apo, retinitis imatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse, kuyambira kubadwa kufikira kukula, komwe kumasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Momwe mungatsimikizire

Chiyeso chomwe chimazindikira retinitis ndi chakumbuyo kwa diso, kochitidwa ndi ophthalmologist, yemwe amapeza mitundu yakuda yamaso m'maso, ngati kangaude, wotchedwa spicule.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso ena omwe angathandize pakuwunika ndi mayeso a masomphenya, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, kuyang'ana kwa tomography kwa maso, electroretinography ndi kujambulanso, mwachitsanzo.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Pigmentary retinitis imayambitsidwa makamaka ndi matenda obadwa nawo, opatsirana kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana, ndipo cholowa ichi chimatha kukhala m'njira zitatu:

• Autosomal wamkulu: kumene kholo limodzi lokha liyenera kufalitsa kuti mwanayo akhudzidwe;
• Autosomal yochulukirapo: momwe ndikofunikira kuti makolo onse atumize jini kuti mwanayo akhudzidwe;
• Yogwirizana ndi X chromosome: imafalikira ndi chibadwa cha amayi, azimayi omwe ali ndi jini lomwe lakhudzidwa, koma amafalitsa matendawa, makamaka, kwa ana amuna.

Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amatha kubweretsa matenda, omwe kuphatikiza pakukhudza maso, amatha kusokoneza ziwalo zina ndi magwiridwe antchito amthupi, monga Usher syndrome.

Mitundu ina ya retinitis

Retinitis amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa kutupa mu diso, monga matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala komanso ngakhale kumenyedwa m'maso. Popeza kufooka kwa masomphenya panthawiyi kumakhala kolimba komanso kosasunthika ndi chithandizo, vutoli limatchedwanso pigmentary pseudo-retinitis.

Zina mwazoyambitsa zazikulu ndi izi:

• Matenda a cytomegalovirus virus, kapena CMV, yomwe imakhudza maso a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto linalake lodziteteza, monga odwala Edzi, ndipo chithandizo chawo amachichita ndi ma antivirals, monga Ganciclovir kapena Foscarnet, mwachitsanzo;
• Matenda ena ndi mavairasi, monga mitundu yoopsa ya herpes, chikuku, rubella ndi nthomba, mabakiteriya onga Treponema pallidum, zomwe zimayambitsa chindoko, tiziromboti monga Toxoplasma gondii, zomwe zimayambitsa toxoplasmosis ndi bowa, monga Candida.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa, monga Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Tamoxifen, Thioridazine ndi Indomethacin, mwachitsanzo, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kufunika kofufuza za m'maso pakagwiritsidwe ntchito;
• Amawomba m'maso, chifukwa chovulala kapena ngozi, zomwe zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a diso.

Mitundu iyi ya retinitis nthawi zambiri imakhudza diso limodzi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Retinitis ilibe mankhwala, komabe pali mankhwala ena, motsogozedwa ndi a ophthalmologist, omwe angathandize kuthana ndi kupewa kupitilira kwa matendawa, monga kuwonjezera vitamini A, beta-carotene ndi omega-3.

Ndikofunikanso kuteteza kuti tisapezeke ndi kuwala kwafupipafupi, pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi okhala ndi UV-A chitetezo ndi ma B blockers, kuti athane ndi kuthamanga kwa matendawa.

Pomwe zimayambitsa matenda, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga maantibayotiki ndi ma antivirals, kuchiza matenda ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa diso.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kutayika kwamasomphenya kwachitika kale, a ophthalmologist amatha kulangiza zothandizira monga zokulitsa magalasi ndi zida zamakompyuta, zomwe zitha kukhala zothandiza kukonza moyo wa anthuwa.