Momwe Mungapewere HIV kwa Amuna Omwe Amagonana Ndi Amuna: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makondomu, Kuyesedwa, ndi Zambiri

Zamkati

• Dziwani
• HIV
• Matenda ena opatsirana pogonana
• Kayezetseni
• Chitani zinthu zodzitetezera
• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu ndi mafuta
• Mvetsetsani chiopsezo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana
• Pezani katemera
• Pewani zochitika zina
• Dziwani udindo wa mnzanu
• Kutenga

Kupewa HIV

Kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa chogonana ndikusankha njira zabwino zopewera nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana ndiochuluka kwa amuna omwe amagonana ndi abambo kuposa anthu ena.

Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana chimachepa ndikudziwitsidwa, kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, komanso kutenga njira zodzitetezera pogonana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu.

Dziwani

Ndikofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa kuopsa kogonana ndi abambo ena kuti muteteze kutenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Chifukwa cha kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa abambo omwe amagonana ndi abambo, ndizotheka kuti amunawa angakumane ndi wokondedwa wawo ndi HIV poyerekeza ndi anthu ena. Komabe, kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika mosasamala za kugonana.

HIV

Malingana ndi, 70 peresenti ya kachilombo ka HIV ku United States kumachitika mwa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna. Komabe, si amuna onsewa omwe amazindikira kuti atenga kachilomboka - CDC imanena kuti m'modzi mwa asanu ndi mmodzi sakudziwa.

HIV ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amatha kufalikira kudzera muzochita zogonana kapena singano zogawana. Amuna omwe ali paubwenzi wogonana ndi amuna anzawo atha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kudzera:

• magazi
• umuna
• madzi asanakwane
• madzi amadzimadzi

Kuwonetseredwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi madzi pafupi ndi nembanemba. Izi zimapezeka mkati mwa thumbo, mbolo, ndi mkamwa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kusamalira matenda awo akamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV tsiku lililonse. awonetsa kuti munthu amene amatsatira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo amachepetsa kachilomboko kufika pamlingo wosawoneka m'magazi awo, kotero sangathe kupatsirana HIV kwa mnzake panthawi yogonana.

Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kuti achepetse mwayi wawo wotenga kachilomboka. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsidwanso kwa iwo omwe agonana popanda kondomu kapena adadwala matenda opatsirana pogonana m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi. PrEP iyenera kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ikhale yogwira mtima.

Palinso mankhwala azadzidzidzi omwe munthu amatha kumwa ngati atapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV - mwachitsanzo, adakumana ndi vuto la kondomu kapena adagawana singano ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti post-exposure prophylaxis, kapena PEP. PEP iyenera kuyambitsidwa pakadutsa maola 72 kuchokera pomwe wapezeka. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, choncho ayenera kumwa mofananamo, kaya kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Matenda ena opatsirana pogonana

Kuphatikiza pa kachilombo ka HIV, matenda ena opatsirana pogonana amatha kupatsirana pakati pa anthu ogonana kudzera mukugonana kapena kukhudza khungu mozungulira maliseche. Umuna ndi magazi zimathanso kupatsirana pogonana.

Pali matenda opatsirana pogonana ambiri, onse okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro mwina sizingakhalepo nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi yomwe munthu watenga matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi awa:

• chlamydia
• chinzonono
• nsungu
• chiwindi B ndi chiwindi C
• papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV)
• chindoko

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala akambirana njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kusamalira matenda opatsirana pogonana kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe. Kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana osachiritsidwa kumatha kuyika munthu pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kayezetseni

Ndikofunika kuti amuna omwe akugonana ndi amuna anzawo aziwunika pafupipafupi za HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Izi ziwathandiza kukhalabe athanzi ndikupewa kupatsira aliyense mwazomwezi.

Awa amalimbikitsa kukayezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana pafupipafupi komanso osachepera kamodzi pachaka ku HIV. Bungweli limalimbikitsanso aliyense amene amachita zachiwerewere ali pachiwopsezo chotsimikizika kuti ayesedwe pafupipafupi.

Kuchiza msanga mutapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kumatha kupewa kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wopatsira ena.

Chitani zinthu zodzitetezera

Kudziwa za HIV kungathandize kutsogolera zisankho zogonana, koma nkofunikanso kutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti mupewe kutenga HIV kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana panthawi yogonana.

Njira zodzitetezera zikuphatikiza:

• kuvala makondomu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta
• kumvetsetsa zoopsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana
• kuteteza matenda ena opatsirana pogonana kudzera mu katemera
• kupewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse zisankho zoyipa zogonana
• kudziwa momwe mnzake alili
• kutenga PrEP

PrEP tsopano ikulimbikitsidwa ndi US Preventive Services Task Force kwa anthu onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu ndi mafuta

Makondomu ndi zofewetsa ndizofunikira popewa kufalikira kwa HIV.

Makondomu amathandiza kupewa kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana poletsa kusinthana kwa madzi amthupi kapena kukhudzana pakhungu ndi khungu. Makondomu opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira monga lalabala ndi odalirika kwambiri. Makondomu ena apadera amapezeka kwa omwe sagwirizana ndi latex.

Mafuta opewera mafuta amaletsa makondomu kuti asasweke kapena kuti asamayende bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta omwe amapangidwa ndi madzi kapena silicone. Kugwiritsa ntchito Vaselini, mafuta odzola, kapena zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi mafuta ngati mafuta otsekemera zimatha kubweretsa kondomu. Pewani mafuta okhala ndi nonoxynol-9. Izi zimatha kukhumudwitsa anus ndikuonjezera mwayi wotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Mvetsetsani chiopsezo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana

Kudziwa chiopsezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogonana ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Kumbukirani kuti matenda ena opatsirana pogonana amatha kufalikira kudzera mumitundu yambiri yogonana, kuphatikiza kugonana kumatako ndi mkamwa ndi zina zomwe sizimakhudza madzi amthupi.

Kwa anthu omwe alibe HIV, kukhala pamwamba (womulowerera) panthawi yogonana kumatako kumachepetsa mwayi wopeza HIV.Pali chiopsezo chochepa chofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV kudzera m'kamwa, koma izi sizikutanthauza matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Ngakhale kachilombo ka HIV sikangafalitsidwe kuchokera kumagonana omwe samakhudzana ndi madzi amthupi, matenda ena opatsirana pogonana amatha.

Pezani katemera

Kulandila katemera wa matenda opatsirana pogonana monga hepatitis A ndi B ndi HPV ndi njira yodzitetezera. Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo za katemerayu. Katemera wa HPV amapezeka kwa amuna ochepera zaka 26, ngakhale magulu ena amalimbikitsa katemera wa zaka 40.

Pewani zochitika zina

Ndikofunika kupewa zochitika zina, kapena osamala makamaka. Kuledzera ndi kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kudzetsa zisankho zoipa.

Dziwani udindo wa mnzanu

Anthu omwe amadziwa momwe okondedwa awo alili angachepetse mwayi wawo wotenga kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Kuyezetsa musanachite zachiwerewere kungathandizenso pankhaniyi. Makiti oyesera kunyumba ndi njira yabwino yopezera zotsatira mwachangu.

Kutenga

Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti adziwe kuopsa kogonana komwe sikuphatikizapo njira zopewera kufalikira kwa HIV. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso njira zodzitetezera panthawi yogonana kungathandizenso kukhalabe ndi thanzi logonana.