Momwe Schema Therapy Ingakuthandizireni Kusintha Njira Zoyipa

Zamkati

• Kodi zofunika zazikulu za mwana ndi ziti?
• Kodi njira zina ndi ziti?
• Kodi masitayilo amapanga mtundu wanji wamavuto?
• Kudzipereka
• Kupewa
• Kuchulukitsitsa
• Kodi ma schema ndi ati?
• Kodi zolinga za schema ndi ziti?
• Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti?
• Zotengeka
• Kulankhulana
• Kuzindikira
• Khalidwe
• Kodi zoperewera za chithandizo cha schema ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndingayesere bwanji chithandizo cha schema?

Schema therapy ndi mtundu watsopano wamankhwala omwe amaphatikiza zinthu zamaganizidwe othandizira (CBT), psychoanalysis, chiphunzitso chaziphatikizidwe, ndi chithandizo chokhudzidwa kwambiri, pakati pa ena.

Ndi njira yolumikizira yomwe cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi umunthu komanso zovuta zina zamaganizidwe zomwe sizimayankha nthawi zonse pazithandizo zina. Zitha kukhala zothandiza makamaka pochiza matenda am'malire.

Mu chithandizo cha schema, mudzagwira ntchito ndi wothandizira kuti muwulule ndikumvetsetsa ziwembu zanu, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa zoyipa zoyambirira.

Ma Schemas ndi machitidwe osathandiza omwe anthu ena amakula ngati zosowa zawo zakumtima sizikwaniritsidwa ali mwana.

Izi zitha kukukhudzani pamoyo wanu wonse ndikuthandizira pamavuto ndi machitidwe ngati sangayankhidwe.

Chithandizo cha Schema cholinga chake ndikuphunzitsani momwe mungatsimikizire kuti zosowa zanu zakumverera zakwaniritsidwa m'njira yathanzi yomwe siyimabweretsa mavuto.

Kodi zofunika zazikulu za mwana ndi ziti?

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri pakukula kwamachitidwe sikuti zosowa zanu zazikulu zakwaniritsidwa mukadali mwana.

Zosowa zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo:

• kudzimva kukhala otetezeka komanso kukhala otetezeka mwa ena
• lingaliro la kudzizindikira komanso kudziyimira pawokha
• ufulu wofotokozera momwe mukumvera ndikupempha zomwe mukufuna kuchokera kwa ena
• kuthekera kosewera ndikukhala kwadzidzidzi
• malire, malire ndi malire oyenera zaka

Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu inayi ya zokumana nazo zoyipa zitha kuthandizanso pakukonza njira. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Zosakwaniritsidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati simulandila chikondi kuchokera kwa omwe akukusamalirani kapena mukulephera kukwaniritsa zosowa zina zazikulu zam'maganizo.
• Kuvulala kapena kuzunzidwa. Izi zikufotokozera zomwe zidachitika mukakumana ndi nkhanza, zoopsa, kapena kupsinjika kofananako.
• Kuchulukitsitsa kapena kusowa kwa malire. Momwemonso, makolo anu atha kukutetezani kapena amawapondereza. Mwina sanakuikireni malire oyenera.
• Kuzindikiritsa ndikusankha kwamkati. Izi zikutanthawuza momwe mumatengera malingaliro kapena machitidwe ena a makolo anu. Mutha kuzindikira zina mwa izi ndikusintha zina. Zina zimatha kukhala ma schemas, pomwe zina zimayamba kukhala njira, zotchedwanso njira zothanirana ndi mavuto.

Kodi njira zina ndi ziti?

Ma Schemas amakonda kukula ali mwana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakana kusintha. Koma zikasiyidwa mosayang'aniridwa, schemas imatha kuyambitsa njira zolakwika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chothandizana moyenera.

Mukakhala ndi schema, imatha kusintha malingaliro anu ndi zochita zanu mosazindikira kuti muchepetse kukhumudwa. Ngakhale izi zikuwoneka ngati zitha kukhala zothandiza, njira zothanirana ndi mapulani nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda thanzi kapena zovulaza.

Anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala ndi schema zingapo.

Akatswiri apeza mapulani 18, koma onse amagwera m'modzi mwamagawo asanu:

• Dera I, kudulidwa ndi kukanidwa, zimaphatikizapo ziwembu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino.
• Domain II, kusadziyenda bwino ndi magwiridwe antchito, Zikuphatikiza ziwembu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukulitsa kudzidalira komanso kugwira ntchito padziko lapansi ngati munthu wamkulu.
• Domain III, malire olakwika, Zikuphatikiza ziwembu zomwe zimakhudza kudziletsa komanso kulemekeza malire ndi malire.
• Domain IV, kuwongolera kwina, imaphatikizapo ziwonetsero zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti muziika patsogolo zosowa za ena kuposa zanu.
• Dera V, kuyang'anira komanso kuletsa, imaphatikizapo mapulani omwe amaika patsogolo kupewa kupewa kulephera kapena zolakwitsa chifukwa chokhala tcheru, malamulo, komanso kunyalanyaza zilakolako kapena malingaliro.

Kodi masitayilo amapanga mtundu wanji wamavuto?

Mu chithandizo cha schema, zomwe mumachita pama schemas zimadziwika ngati masitayilo okometsa. Izi zitha kuphatikizira malingaliro, malingaliro, kapena machitidwe. Amakhala ngati njira yopewa kukhumudwa komanso kukhumudwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha schema inayake.

Masitaelo olimbana nawo atha kukhala othandiza muubwana, chifukwa amapereka njira yopulumukira. Koma atakula, amatha kulimbikitsa mapulani.

Palibe malamulo aliwonse olimba okhudzana ndi mapangidwe otani omwe angayambitse masitayilo ena. Kachitidwe kanu kothana ndi vuto kakhoza kutengera mtundu wanu wonse wamakhalidwe kapena ngakhale masitaelo omwe mwaphunzira kuchokera kwa makolo anu.

Zimasiyananso malinga ndi munthu. Anthu awiri amatha kuyankha pa schema yomweyo ndi kalembedwe kofananira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mofananamo, anthu awiri omwe ali ndi schema yomweyo amathanso kuyankha ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana.

Njira yanu yolimbana nayo ingasinthe pakapita nthawi, ngakhale mukukumanabe ndi schema yomweyo.

Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yolimbana nayo imalumikizana momenyera nkhondo kapena kuthawa kapena kuyimitsa:

Kudzipereka

Izi zimaphatikizapo kuvomereza schema ndikudziyikira. Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa machitidwe omwe amalimbikitsa kapena kupitiliza dongosolo la schema.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungadzipereke ku schema yomwe idapangidwa chifukwa chakunyalanyazidwa muli mwana, pambuyo pake mutha kudzakhala pachibwenzi chokhudza kunyalanyaza kwamalingaliro.

Kupewa

Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyesera kukhala moyo popanda kuyambitsa chiwembucho. Mutha kupewa zochitika kapena zochitika zomwe zingayambitse kapena kukupangitsani kukhala osatetezeka.

Kupewa schema yanu kumatha kukusiyani chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuwopsa kapena kukakamiza, komanso zina zomwe zimakusowetsani mtendere.

Kuchulukitsitsa

Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyesa kulimbana ndi schema pochita motsutsana kotheratu ndi icho. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati yankho labwino pa schema, koma kulipira mopambanitsa nthawi zambiri kumapita kutali.

Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zochita kapena machitidwe omwe amaoneka ngati achipongwe, opanikiza, osaganizira ena, kapena owonjezera munjira ina. Izi zitha kuwononga ubale wanu ndi ena.

Kodi ma schema ndi ati?

Mu chithandizo cha schema, mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro osakhalitsa omwe amaphatikizira momwe mukumvera komanso momwe mumachitira nawo.

Mwanjira ina, mawonekedwe anu ndi mitundu yama schemas yogwira komanso masitayilo okhudzana nawo. Ma modulo atha kukhala othandiza (kusintha) kapena osathandiza (osokonekera).

Njira za Schema zimathandizira othandizira magulu palimodzi kuti athe kuwathetsa ngati lingaliro limodzi, m'malo mongokhala ndi machitidwe awo.

Njira za Schema zidagawika m'magulu anayi:

• Njira za ana amadziwika ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe ngati ana.
• Mitundu yosagwira ntchito yolimbana nayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukhumudwa koma pamapeto pake amalimbikitsa schema.
• Mitundu ya makolo yosagwira ntchito ndizolowerera mawu ovuta, ovuta, kapena okhwima a makolo.
• Makhalidwe abwino achikulire ikuyimira moyo wanu wathanzi, wogwira ntchito. Njirayi itha kuthandiza kuwongolera mitundu ina mwa kukhazikitsa malire ndikuwongolera zovuta za mitundu ina.

Kodi zolinga za schema ndi ziti?

Mu chithandizo cha schema, mudzagwira ntchito ndi othandizira kuti:

• kuzindikira ndikuyamba ziwembu zochiritsa
• kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi masitaelo olimbana ndi zosowa zam'malingaliro
• sinthani momwe akumvera komanso machitidwe omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mapulani
• phunzirani momwe mungakwaniritsire zosowa zanu zam'maganizo m'njira zabwino, zosinthika
• phunzirani momwe mungagwirire (mwa njira yathanzi) ndi kukhumudwa komanso kupsinjika ngati zosowa zina sizingakwaniritsidwe

Pamapeto pake, zonsezi zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi, wathanzi. Njira yayikulu yathanzi labwino ingathandize kuchiritsa ndikuwongolera njira zina ndikuthandizani kuti musataye mtima ndi zovuta zawo.

Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziti?

Othandizira ma Schema atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo pochiza. Njira zina zitha kugwira ntchito bwino kwa anthu ena ndi ziwembu kuposa ena. Ngati njira inayake sikukuthandizani, onetsetsani kuti mukudziwitsa othandizira.

Polemba izi, kumbukirani kuti ubale wanu ndi wothandizira ndi gawo lofunikira la mankhwala a schema. Pali malingaliro awiri ofunikira omwe amapezeka mu njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito bwino mukakhala otetezeka komanso omasuka ndi othandizira.

Malingaliro awa ndi awa:

• Kutsutsana kwachinyengo. Kuthandizira kwanu kumatsimikizira malingaliro omwe amabwera mu chithandizo, kupereka kumvetsetsa ndi kumvera ena ndikuthandizani kuzindikira kufunikira kwakusintha.
• Kulera pang'ono. Wothandizira anu amathandizira kukwaniritsa zosowa zam'maganizo zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe muubwana popereka chitetezo, chifundo, ndi ulemu. "Ochepera" amangotanthauza kuti wothandizira wanu amatsimikizira kuti kulera ana kumagwirizana ndi miyezo yamakhalidwe abwino kwa akatswiri azaumoyo.

Nthawi zambiri, malingaliro awa amachitika ndi maluso omwe amakhala m'magulu anayi:

Zotengeka

Njira zamaganizidwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro kuthana ndi ziwembu. Amakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro athunthu ndikuziwonetsa pachitetezo cha mankhwala. Njira zodziwika bwino zophatikizira zimaphatikizapo kujambulidwa komanso kusewera.

Kulankhulana

Maluso olumikizirana ndi anthu amakuthandizani kuwunika maubale anu kuti muwone njira zomwe zimawakhudzira.

Kuwona momwe ma schemas ndi mayankho amathandizira mu chithandizo kungakuthandizeni kuwulula zomwezo pamoyo wanu. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kubweretsa mnzanu kapena mnzanu wapamtima kuchipatala.

Kuzindikira

Njira zamaganizidwe zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira ndikutsutsa maganizo olakwika omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ziwembu. Mudzagwira ntchito ndi wothandizira wanu kuti muwunikenso zokumana nazo pamoyo ngati umboni womwe umathandizira kapena kutsutsana ndi schema.

Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito makhadi olembera kapena zokambirana zomwe mungalankhule mokomera kapena kutsutsana ndi schema.

Khalidwe

Njira zamakhalidwe zimakuthandizani kuphunzira kupanga zisankho zabwino, zathanzi posintha machitidwe omwe amabwera chifukwa chazomwe mukuchita.

Kuti musinthe machitidwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito luso lolumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito sewero kapena kukambirana pamavuto ndi yankho lanu ndi othandizira. Angakupatseninso masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchite pakati pagawo.

Kodi zoperewera za chithandizo cha schema ndi ziti?

Chithandizo cha Schema chikuwonetsa lonjezo ngati chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri amisala, kuphatikiza zovuta zakudya ndi kukhumudwa.

Kafukufuku wambiri omwe adalipo adayang'ana mbali ya chithandizo cha schema pochiza matenda amalire ndi zovuta zina zaumunthu.

Pakadali pano, zotsatirazi zikulonjeza. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa koyeserera kwa 2014 kunatsimikiza kuti chithandizo cha schema chitha kukhala chothandiza kwambiri pothana ndi zovuta zaumunthu.

Koma chithandizo cha schema chakhala chikupezeka kuyambira ma 1980s. Iyi ndi nthawi yayifupi mdziko lama psychology. Zotsatira zake, palibe zabwino zambiri, maphunziro a nthawi yayitali pazotsatira zake.

Ngakhale kafukufuku amene alipo alipo akulonjeza, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti pakufunika kuyesereranso ndikuphunzira kwina.

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yamankhwala, chithandizo cha schema chitha kukhalanso kudzipereka kwakanthawi. Mungafunike kulandira chithandizo cha schema kwazaka zambiri. Ngati mulibe inshuwaransi, izi zitha kukhalanso zodula.

Kodi ndingayesere bwanji chithandizo cha schema?

Ndizovuta pang'ono kupeza schema Therapist kuposa mitundu ina ya othandizira, makamaka ku United States, koma zothandizira zili kunja uko.

International Society of Schema Therapy ili ndi chikwatu chomwe chimalemba mindandanda ophunzitsidwa mwakhama.

Muthanso kuyesa kufufuza madongosolo azachipatala ambiri, kuphatikiza wopeza wothandizira wa American Psychological Association.

Yesani kuyang'ana othandizira omwe amapereka CBT. Chithandizo cha Schema chimachokera ku njirayi, chifukwa chake othandizira ena a CBT atha kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha schema kapena mfundo zake zazikulu.

Popeza mankhwala a schema atha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa mitundu ina yamankhwala amisala, ndibwino kufunsa othandizira za mtengo, ngati avomereza inshuwaransi, ndi mavuto ena azachuma omwe mungakhale nawo. Kuwongolera kwathu kuchipatala chotsika mtengo kungathandizenso.