Kuchepetsa Matenda a M'thupi

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi ziti?
• Kodi mitundu ya matenda a zenga ndi chiyani?
• Matenda a Hemoglobin SS
• Matenda a Hemoglobin SC
• Hemoglobin SB + (beta) thalassemia
• Hemoglobin SB 0 (Beta-zero) thalassemia
• Hemoglobin SD, hemoglobin SE, ndi hemoglobin SO
• Khalidwe la khungu lodwala
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha kuchepa kwama cell cell?
• Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zingabuke chifukwa chakuchepa kwa cellleemia?
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Matenda apamanja
• Kubwezeretsa kwa Splenic
• Kukula kochedwa
• Zovuta zamitsempha
• Mavuto amaso
• Zilonda pakhungu
• Matenda a mtima ndi chifuwa
• Matenda am'mapapo
• Kukonda kwambiri
• Miyala
• Matenda a chifuwa
• Kodi matenda a sickle cell anemia amapezeka bwanji?
• Mbiri ya wodwalayo
• Kuyesa magazi
• Hb electrophoresis
• Kodi matenda a sickle cell amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kusamalira kunyumba
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali cha matenda amzere?
• Zolemba pazolemba

Kodi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi chiyani?

Sickle cell anemia, kapena sickle cell matenda (SCD), ndimatenda amtundu wama cell ofiira (RBCs). Nthawi zambiri, ma RBC amapangidwa ngati ma disc, omwe amawathandiza kuti azitha kuyenda ngakhale mumitsinje yaying'ono kwambiri yamagazi. Komabe, ndi matendawa, ma RBCs ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ofanana ndi chikwakwa. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala omata komanso okhwima komanso osachedwa kukola timitsuko ting'onoting'ono, tomwe timatseka magazi kuti asafikire mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Izi zitha kupweteketsa komanso kuwononga minofu.

SCD ndimkhalidwe wodziyimira payokha. Mufunika mitundu iwiri ya jini kuti mukhale ndi matendawa. Ngati muli ndi kope limodzi lokha la jini, mumanenedwa kuti muli ndi vuto la selo.

Kodi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la cellle zimawonekera ali aang'ono. Amatha kuoneka makanda atangotha ​​miyezi inayi, koma amapezeka pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya SCD, onse ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira, zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kutopa kwambiri kapena kukwiya, kuchokera kuchepa kwa magazi
• kukangana, mwa makanda
• Kuthira m'mabedi, kuchokera pamavuto amisempha
• jaundice, yomwe imakhala yachikaso m'maso ndi pakhungu
• kutupa ndi kupweteka m'manja ndi m'mapazi
• matenda pafupipafupi
• kupweteka pachifuwa, kumbuyo, mikono, kapena miyendo

Kodi mitundu ya matenda a zenga ndi chiyani?

Hemoglobin ndi mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amanyamula mpweya. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maunyolo awiri a alpha ndi maunyolo awiri a beta. Mitundu inayi yayikulu ya kuchepa kwa magazi pachimake imayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwamtunduwu.

Matenda a Hemoglobin SS

Matenda a Hemoglobin SS ndimatenda ofala kwambiri amtundu wa cell. Zimapezeka mukamalandira cholowa cha hemoglobin S kuchokera kwa makolo onse. Izi zimapanga hemoglobin yotchedwa Hb SS. Monga mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa SCD, anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwewa amakumananso ndi zizindikilo zoyipa kwambiri.

Matenda a Hemoglobin SC

Matenda a Hemoglobin SC ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wama cell cell. Zimachitika mukalandira cholowa cha Hb C kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi ndi jini ya Hb S kuchokera kwa mzake. Anthu omwe ali ndi Hb SC ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Hb SS. Komabe, kuchepa kwa magazi kumachepa kwambiri.

Hemoglobin SB + (beta) thalassemia

Hemoglobin SB + (beta) thalassemia imakhudza mtundu wa beta globin. Kukula kwa maselo ofiira amachepa chifukwa mapuloteni ochepa a beta amapangidwa. Ngati mwalandira cholowa ndi mtundu wa Hb S, mudzakhala ndi hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. Zizindikiro sizowopsa.

Hemoglobin SB 0 (Beta-zero) thalassemia

Sickle beta-zero thalassemia ndi mtundu wachinayi wamatenda am'mimba. Zimaphatikizaponso mtundu wa beta globin. Ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Hb SS. Komabe, nthawi zina zizindikiro za beta zero thalassemia zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Amalumikizidwa ndi matenda osawuka.

Hemoglobin SD, hemoglobin SE, ndi hemoglobin SO

Mitundu yamatenda amtundu wa zenga ndi yosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri alibe zizindikilo zowopsa.

Khalidwe la khungu lodwala

Anthu omwe amangobadwa ndi jini losinthika (hemoglobin S) kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi akuti ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa chikwakwa. Atha kukhala opanda zisonyezo kapena kuchepetsedwa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha kuchepa kwama cell cell?

Ana ali pachiwopsezo chokha chodwala cell cell ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi mkhalidwe wa cell chikwakwa. Kuyezetsa magazi kotchedwa hemoglobin electrophoresis kungathenso kudziwa mtundu womwe mungatenge.

Anthu ochokera kumadera omwe akudwala malungo nthawi zambiri amakhala onyamula. Izi zikuphatikiza anthu ochokera ku:

• Africa
• India
• Nyanja ya Mediterranean
• Saudi Arabia

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zingabuke chifukwa chakuchepa kwa cellleemia?

SCD imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, zomwe zimawoneka pomwe ma cell achikwere amatseka zotengera m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi. Zoletsa zopweteka kapena zowononga zimatchedwa zovuta zamaselo achilengedwe. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• kudwala
• kusintha kwa kutentha
• nkhawa
• Kutaya madzi pang'ono
• kutalika

Otsatirawa ndi mitundu ya zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la sickle cell.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Kuchepa kwa magazi ndikusowa kwa ma RBC. Maselo odwala amaduka mosavuta. Kutha kwa ma RBCs kumatchedwa hemolysis yanthawi yayitali. Ma RBC amakhala pafupifupi masiku 120. Maselo azidwala amakhala masiku opitilira 10 mpaka 20.

Matenda apamanja

Matenda a phazi lamanja amapezeka pomwe ma RBC opangidwa ndi chikwakwa amaletsa mitsempha yamagazi m'manja kapena m'mapazi. Izi zimapangitsa manja ndi mapazi kutupa. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa zilonda zam'miyendo. Kutupa manja ndi mapazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwa ana.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Splenic

Kutsekemera kwa Splenic ndikutsekedwa kwa zotengera za splenic ndimaselo achikoka. Zimayambitsa kukulira kwadzidzidzi, kowawa kwa ndulu. Nthendayo imayenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zamatenda am'manja mukamagwira ntchito yotchedwa splenectomy. Odwala ena am'manja amatha kuwononga ndulu yawo mokwanira kotero kuti imafota ndipo imasiya kugwira ntchito konse. Izi zimatchedwa autosplenectomy. Odwala opanda ndulu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ochokera ku mabakiteriya monga Mzere, Haemophilus, ndi Salmonella zamoyo.

Kukula kochedwa

Kukula kwakanthawi kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi SCD. Ana amakhala ofupikitsa koma amakula msinkhu wawo atakula. Kukula msinkhu kungathenso kuchedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa ma RBCs amzere sangathe kupereka mpweya wokwanira ndi michere.

Zovuta zamitsempha

Kugwidwa, kukwapulidwa, kapena ngakhale kukomoka kungachitike chifukwa cha matenda a zenga. Amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa ubongo. Chithandizo chofulumira chiyenera kufunidwa.

Mavuto amaso

Khungu limayambitsidwa chifukwa cha zotchinga m'mitsuko yotulutsa maso. Izi zitha kuwononga diso.

Zilonda pakhungu

Zilonda zapakhungu m'miyendo zimatha kuchitika ngati zotengera zing'onozing'ono pamenepo zatsekedwa.

Matenda a mtima ndi chifuwa

Popeza SCD imalepheretsa kupezeka kwa mpweya wa magazi, itha kuyambitsanso mavuto amtima omwe angayambitse matenda amtima, kulephera kwamtima, komanso mayendedwe achilendo amtima.

Matenda am'mapapo

Kuwonongeka kwa mapapo pakapita nthawi kokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi kumatha kubweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapu (pulmonary hypertension) ndi mabala am'mapapo (pulmonary fibrosis). Mavutowa amatha kuchitika posachedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zenga pachifuwa. Kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti mapapu atengere mpweya m'magazi, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zama cell ambiri.

Kukonda kwambiri

Kukonda kwambiri zinthu kwakanthawi kochepa, kopweteka komwe kumawoneka mwa amuna ena omwe ali ndi matenda a zenga. Izi zimachitika pamene mitsempha ya magazi mu mbolo yatsekedwa. Zitha kubweretsa kusowa mphamvu ngati singachiritsidwe.

Miyala

Miyala yamiyala ndi vuto limodzi lomwe silimayambitsidwa chifukwa chotchinga chotengera. M'malo mwake, amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma RBC. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kumeneku ndi bilirubin. Milingo yayikulu ya bilirubin imatha kubweretsa ma gallstones. Izi zimatchedwanso miyala ya pigment.

Matenda a chifuwa

Sickle chest syndrome ndivuto lalikulu lamaselo achilengedwe.Imayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo monga kukhosomola, kutentha thupi, kupangitsa sputum, kupuma movutikira, komanso mpweya wochepa wama oxygen. Zovuta zomwe zimawonedwa pachifuwa X-ray zitha kuyimira chibayo kapena kufa kwa minofu yamapapo (pulmonary infarction). Zomwe zimachitika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zenga pachifuwa ndizowopsa kuposa omwe alibe.

Kodi matenda a sickle cell anemia amapezeka bwanji?

Ana onse obadwa kumene ku United States amawunika matenda a sickle cell. Kuyezetsa magazi asanabadwe kubadwa kumayang'ana geni la chikwakwa mumtundu wa amniotic fluid.

Kwa ana ndi akulu, njira imodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupezera matenda amzere.

Mbiri ya wodwalayo

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati opweteka m'manja ndi m'mapazi. Odwala amathanso kukhala ndi:

• kupweteka kwambiri m'mafupa
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• kukulitsa kowawa kwa ndulu
• mavuto akukula
• matenda opuma
• Zilonda zam'miyendo
• mavuto amtima

Dokotala wanu angafune kuti akuyeseni ngati muli ndi matenda a sickle cell cell ngati muli ndi zina mwazomwe zatchulidwazi.

Kuyesa magazi

Mayeso angapo amwazi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana SCD:

• Kuwerengera kwa magazi kumatha kuwulula mulingo wabwinobwino wa Hb pamasamba 6 mpaka 8 pa desilita imodzi.
• Makanema amwazi amatha kuwonetsa ma RBC omwe amawoneka ngati maselo omwe sanachite bwino.
• Kuyesedwa kwa matenda osungunuka kumayang'ana kupezeka kwa Hb S.

Hb electrophoresis

Hb electrophoresis imafunika nthawi zonse kutsimikizira kuti matenda a cell sickle amapezeka. Imayeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hemoglobin m'magazi.

Kodi matenda a sickle cell amathandizidwa bwanji?

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala osiyanasiyana a SCD:

• Kukhazikitsanso madzi m'thupi mwa madzi olowa m'mitsempha kumathandiza kuti maselo ofiira abwerere mwakale. Maselo ofiira ofiira amatha kupunduka ndikuyerekeza mawonekedwe achikopa ngati mukusowa madzi m'thupi.
• Kuchiza matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa ndi gawo lofunikira pakuthana ndi mavutowa, chifukwa kupsinjika kwa matenda kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zama cell. Matendawa amathanso kubwera ngati vuto lamavuto.
• Kuikidwa magazi kumathandizira kuyendetsa mpweya komanso zopatsa thanzi pakufunika. Maselo ofiira ofiira amachotsedwa m'mwazi woperekedwa ndikupatsidwa kwa odwala.
• Mpweya wowonjezera umaperekedwa kudzera pachisoti. Zimapangitsa kupuma kukhala kosavuta komanso kumawonjezera mpweya m'magazi.
• Mankhwala opweteka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ululu panthawi yamavuto. Mungafunike mankhwala owonjezera kapena mankhwala ozunguza bongo monga morphine.
• (Droxia, Hydrea) imathandizira kukulitsa kupanga hemoglobin ya fetus. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.
• Katemera angathandize kupewa matenda. Odwala amakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa.

Kuika mafuta m'mafupa kwagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ochepetsa magazi. Ana ochepera zaka 16 omwe ali ndi zovuta zazikulu ndipo amakhala ndi opereka ofanana nawo ndi omwe amasankhidwa bwino.

Kusamalira kunyumba

Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti muthandizire zizindikilo za khungu lanu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mapepala otenthetsera ululu.
• Tengani zowonjezera folic acid, monga dokotala wanu akulimbikitsira.
• Idyani zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi tirigu wokwanira. Kuchita izi kungathandize thupi lanu kupanga ma RBC ambiri.
• Imwani madzi ochulukirapo kuti muchepetse mwayi wamavuto am'manja.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa kuti muchepetse zovuta.
• Lumikizanani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda aliwonse. Kuchiza msanga matenda kumatha kupewa zovuta zonse.

Magulu othandizira angakuthandizeninso kuthana ndi vutoli.

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali cha matenda amzere?

Kufotokozera kwa matendawa kumasiyanasiyana. Odwala ena amakhala ndi zovuta zowawa pafupipafupi komanso zopweteka. Ena nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi ziwopsezo.

Matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Lankhulani ndi mlangizi wamtundu ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mutha kukhala wonyamula. Izi zitha kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa chithandizo chotheka, njira zodzitetezera, ndi njira zoberekera.

• Zokhudza matenda a zenga. (2016, Novembala 17). Kuchokera ku
• López, C., Saravia, C., Gomez, A., Hoebeke, J., & Patarroyo, M. A. (2010, Novembala 1) Njira zotsutsana ndi malungo. Gene, 467(1-2), 1-12 Kuchokera ku
• Ogwira Ntchito Pachipatala cha Mayo. (2016, Disembala 29). Matenda ochepetsa magazi. Kuchotsedwa http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324
• Matenda ochepetsa magazi. (2016, February 1). Kuchotsedwa http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000527.htm

Zolemba pazolemba

Kodi zizindikiro ndi ziti za matenda a zenga? (2016, Ogasiti 2). Kuchokera ku