Leishmaniasis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• 1. Kudula leishmaniasis
• 2. Visceral leishmaniasis
• Zomwe mungachite ngati mukukayikira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kufala komanso momwe mungadzitetezere

Leishmaniasis ndimatenda ofala kwambiri m'maiko otentha, monga ku Brazil, omwe amakhudza agalu, koma omwe amatha kupatsira anthu kudzera mwa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Pachifukwachi, ndikokwanira kuti kachilomboka kalume galu wodwala asadamulume munthuyo, kuti matendawa afalitsidwe.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya leishmaniasis, komabe, mitundu iwiri yodziwika kwambiri ndi iyi:

• Kudula leishmaniasis: ndiye mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri ndipo amakhudza khungu, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chotupa kapena zilonda zazing'ono pamalo olumirako.
• Visceral leishmaniasis: imakhudza ziwalo zamkati ndipo imayambitsa zisonyezo zambiri, monga kutentha thupi, madzi owawa, kuchepa thupi ndi zipsera pakhungu;

Mitundu ina ya leishmaniasis safuna chithandizo chapadera ndipo imatha kutha pakatha miyezi ingapo, komabe, nthawi zonse amalimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi dokotala, chifukwa chithandizo chamankhwala am'machiritso amathandizira kufulumira kuchira, kuphatikiza pakupewa zovuta zina, monga kutuluka magazi , matenda owopsa kwambiri komanso amabala.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za leishmaniasis zimasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa. Mwa mitundu iwiri yofala kwambiri, zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

1. Kudula leishmaniasis

Nthaŵi zambiri, leishmaniasis yochepetsedwa ndimatenda mwakachetechete, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingayambitse zizindikilo zilizonse, zosowa popanda munthu kudziwa kuti zilipo.

Komabe, ikayambitsa zizindikiro, chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuwonekera kwa chotupa chaching'ono pamalo olumako chomwe, pakatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo, chimasanduka bala lalikulu, lozungulira. Pamodzi ndi kusinthaku pakhoza kukhalanso kupweteka m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikutupa kwa malirime pafupi ndi tsambalo. Dziwani zambiri za cutaneous leishmaniasis.

2. Visceral leishmaniasis

Pafupifupi milandu yonse ya visceral leishmaniasis imayamba ndi malungo opitilira 38ºC omwe amakhala milungu ingapo. Nthawi imeneyo, malungo amatsikira mpaka kuzimiririka, koma amabweranso patangopita nthawi yochepa. Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Kutupa kwa m'mimba, pafupifupi masabata awiri mutayamba kutentha thupi;
• Malirime owawa;
• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi kufooka kwambiri;
• Mawanga akuda pakhungu;
• Pakhoza kukhala kutsekula m'mimba.

Matendawa akapita patsogolo kwambiri, kuchepa kwa magazi kumathanso kutuluka, komwe kumadzetsa mavuto amtima, komanso kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, m'maso ndi m'mipando. Ngati mankhwala sanayambike, kukula kwa matenda owopsa monga chibayo, chikuku kapena chifuwa chachikulu, zomwe zimawopseza moyo, zimachitika pafupipafupi. Onani momwe chithandizo cha visceral leishmaniasis chimachitidwira kupewa zovuta.

Zomwe mungachite ngati mukukayikira

Pomwe anthu akukayikira kuti ali ndi leishmaniasis ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kukayezetsa magazi ndikutsimikizira ngati matendawa alipo mthupi.

Nthawi zambiri, leishmaniasis yodula imatha kupezeka ngakhale popanda mayeso, chifukwa mabala akalumidwa ndikokwanira kutsimikizira matendawa. Kumbali ina, pankhani ya visceral leishmaniasis, zizindikirazo zimatha kufanana ndi matenda ena opatsirana, chifukwa chake, kuyesa magazi mwanjira inayake, nthawi zina, biopsy ya ndulu kapena msana kungakhale kofunikira kuti mutsimikizire za matendawa ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha leishmaniasis chimasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe omwe aperekedwa. Pakadwala leishmaniasis, chithandizo chapadera sichingakhale chofunikira, chifukwa khungu limasintha lokha. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, monga Amphotericin B, akuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala kumathandizira kuchira.

Pankhani ya visceral leishmaniasis, chithandizo chimakhala chofunikira nthawi zonse ndipo chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Amphotericin B kapena mankhwala opatsirana opatsirana, omwe ali olimba polimbana ndi matenda, komanso omwe amachititsanso zovuta zina.

Kufala komanso momwe mungadzitetezere

Kufala kwa leishmaniasis kwa anthu kumachitika kokha kudzera mwa kuluma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yodzitetezera kumatendawa ndikupewa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu potengera zodzitetezera monga:

• Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde udzudzu kapena nsalu zotchinga m'mazenera ndi zitseko m'nyumba;
• Ikani mankhwala othamangitsira pakhungu kapena muzigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi opopera mankhwala:
• Ikani makola ophera tizilombo ku ziweto ndi katemera nyama izi;
• Pewani kusamba m'mitsinje kapena m'nyanja pafupi ndi nkhalango.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati tizilombo tomwe timathandizira kufalitsa timaberekanso m'zinthu zofunikira, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kupezeka kwa zinyalala ndi zinyalala m'nyumba ndi m'malo oyandikira.

Izi, kuphatikiza pakuteteza ku leishmaniasis, zimatetezanso kumatenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo monga Dengue, Zika kapena Chikungunya Fever, mwachitsanzo. Onani njira zina zodzitetezera ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.