Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za Makina Opumira

Zamkati

• Anatomy ya dongosolo la kupuma
• Momwe kupuma kumachitikira
• Matenda okhudza kupuma
• Nthawi yoti mupite kwa dokotala
• Dokotala yemwe amachiza matenda opuma

Cholinga chachikulu cha kupuma ndikubweretsa mpweya m'maselo onse mthupi ndikuchotsa mpweya womwe ndi zotsatira za mpweya womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi ma cell.

Kuti izi zichitike pali kudzoza, ndipamene mpweya umalowa m'mapapu, ndi mpweya, womwe ndi nthawi yomwe mpweya umachoka m'mapapu, ndipo ngakhale izi zikuchitika nthawi zonse, pali zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa.

Anatomy ya dongosolo la kupuma

Malinga ndi anatomy, ziwalo zomwe zimapumira mwa anthu ndi izi:

• Ming'oma ya m'mphuno: Woyang'anira kusefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya, kuwongolera kutentha komwe mpweya umafikira m'mapapu, ndikuwona kununkhira komanso kupezeka kwa ma virus kapena bacteria. Pozindikira kupezeka kwa tizilomboto, chitetezo cha mthupi 'chimatseka' mphako zam'mphuno, ndikupangitsa 'mphuno yodzaza'.
• Pharynx, kholingo ndi trachea: Mukadutsa paming'oma, mpweya umatengedwa kupita kumphako, komwe kuli zingwe zamawu, kenako kupita ku trachea, yomwe imagawika pakati, mpaka kufika pamapapu: kumanja ndi kumanzere. Trachea ndi chubu chomwe chimakhala ndi mphete zamatenda mumapangidwe ake, omwe amateteza, kuti asatseke pomwe munthu atembenuza khosi mbali yake, mwachitsanzo.
• Bronchi: Pambuyo pa trachea, mpweya umafika ku bronchi, womwe ndi mawonekedwe awiri, ofanana ndi mtengo womwe wagubuduzika, ndichifukwa chake umatchedwanso mtengo wa bronchial. Bronchi imagawidwanso m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndi ma bronchioles, omwe ali ndi cilia ndipo amatulutsa ntchofu (phlegm) yomwe imathandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
• Alveoli: Kapangidwe kotsiriza ka dongosolo la kupuma ndi alveoli, omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Apa mpweya umadutsa m'magazi, momwe umafikira maselo onse mthupi. Njirayi imatchedwa kusinthana kwa gasi, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa kutenga mpweya m'mwazi, umachotsa mpweya, womwe umapezeka m'magazi. Magazi olemera ndi oxygen amapezeka m'mitsempha, pomwe magazi 'onyansa', odzaza ndi carbon dioxide, amapezeka m'mitsempha. Mukamatulutsa mpweya, mpweya wonse umachotsedwa mthupi.

Kuthandizira kuyenda kwa mpweya palinso minofu ya kupuma (intercostal) ndi diaphragm.

Momwe kupuma kumachitikira

Kupuma kumachitika mwanjira yachibadwa, popeza mwanayo amabadwa, osakumbukira, chifukwa amalamulidwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha. Kuti kupuma kuzichitika, munthuyo amapuma mpweya wamlengalenga, womwe umadutsa m'mphuno, kudzera m'mphako, kholingo, trachea, ndipo ukafika pamapapu, mpweya umadutsabe mu bronchi, bronchioles, mpaka pamapeto pake umafika ku alveoli, kumene mpweya umadutsa molowera magazi. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

• Pa kudzoza: minofu ya pakati pa nthiti ndi chifundiro imatsika, ndikuwonjezera malo kuti mapapu adzaze ndi mpweya, ndipo kuthamanga kwamkati kumachepa;
• Kutha ntchito: minofu yapakatikati ndi chotupa chimapuma ndipo chifundikiro chimakwera, mphamvu ya nthiti imachepa, kuthamanga kwamkati kumawonjezeka, ndipo mpweya umatuluka m'mapapu.

Kupuma pang'ono kumachitika pakasintha mpweya, womwe umalepheretsa kulowa kapena kutuluka kwa mpweya, chifukwa chake kusinthana kwa gasi sikugwira ntchito, ndipo magazi amayamba kukhala ndi kaboni dayokisaidi, kuposa mpweya.

Matenda okhudza kupuma

Zitsanzo zina za matenda am'mapapo ndi awa:

Chimfine kapena kuzizira: zimachitika mavairasi atalowa m'thupi. Kuzizira, kachilomboka kamangokhala m'mimbamo yamphako ndipo imatha kufikira pakhosi, ndikupangitsa kusokonezeka kwa m'mphuno komanso kusapeza bwino. Pankhani ya chimfine, kachilomboka kakhoza kufikira m'mapapo ndi malungo komanso phlegm yambiri pachifuwa. Dziwani zomwe ali komanso momwe mungachiritse zizindikiro za chimfine

Mphumu: zimachitika munthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa bronchi kapena bronchioles, ndikutulutsa pang'ono ntchofu. mpweya umadutsa movutikira kwambiri kudzera munyumbazi ndipo munthuyo amatulutsa mawu okwera kwambiri ndi mpweya uliwonse.

Matenda Amayambitsa kupindika ndi kutupa kwa bronchi ndi bronchioles. Zotsatira zakutupa uku ndikupanga ntchofu, yomwe imatha kutulutsidwa ngati phlegm, koma yomwe imathanso kumeza ikafika pamphako, yolunjika kumimba. Onani zizindikiro zake ndi chithandizo cha mphumu

Ziwengo: zimachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu chimakhala chokhazikika ndipo chimamvetsetsa kuti zinthu zina zomwe zili mlengalenga ndizovulaza thanzi, zomwe zimayambitsa zikwangwani nthawi iliyonse munthu akagwidwa fumbi, mafuta onunkhira kapena mungu.

Chibayo: Nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cholowa ma virus kapena mabakiteriya, koma zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zinthu zakunja, chakudya chotsalira kapena masanzi mkati mwa mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa malungo komanso kupuma movutikira. Chimfine chitha kukulira ndikupangitsa chibayo, koma chimfine sichingakhale chotheka. Onetsetsani zizindikiro zonse za chibayo

TB: nthawi zambiri zimachitika bacillus ikalowa m'mapapu kudzera munjira zopumira, kuyambitsa malungo, kutsokomola ndi chifuwa chambiri, ndipo nthawi zina magazi. Matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri ndipo amadutsa mlengalenga kudzera pokhudzana ndi zinsinsi za wodwalayo. Chithandizo chake ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa bacillus imatha kufikira magazi ndikufalikira mthupi lonse, ndikupangitsa TB kunja kwa mapapu.

Nthawi yoti mupite kwa dokotala

Nthawi zonse pakakhala zizindikilo monga kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kutentha thupi, kutsokomola ndi phlegm ndi magazi kapena popanda magazi, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kuti katswiriyu athe kumuwunika munthuyo ndi kuzindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ati, ndi chithandizo chiti akuwonetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa, maantibayotiki, ndipo nthawi zina kuchipatala.

Dokotala yemwe amachiza matenda opuma

Pazizindikiro zodziwika bwino monga chimfine kapena chimfine, mutha kupita kukakumana ndi dokotala, makamaka ngati simunapite nawo kuntchito iliyonse chifukwa chodandaula za kupuma. Dokotala uyu amatha kumvetsera m'mapapu anu, kuwunika malungo, ndikuyang'ana zizindikilo zina zamatenda opumira. Koma pankhani ya matenda osachiritsika, monga mphumu kapena bronchitis, atha kuwuzidwa kuti apemphe thandizo kwa dokotala wodziwa za chibayo, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza odwala matenda amtunduwu, ndikuphunzitsidwa bwino kuwongolera ndi kutsatira -up moyo wonse wamunthu.