Zilonda zapakhosi 101: Zizindikiro, Zoyambitsa, ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zilonda zapakhosi
• 8 zimayambitsa zilonda zapakhosi
• 1. Chimfine, chimfine, ndi matenda ena a tizilombo
• 2. Khosi loluma ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya
• 3. Ziwengo
• 4. Mpweya wouma
• 5. Utsi, mankhwala, ndi zina zotopetsa
• 6. Kuvulala
• 7. Matenda a reflux a Gastroesophageal (GERD)
• 8. chotupa
• Zithandizo zapakhomo zowawa zapakhosi
• Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala
• Momwe zimakhalira pakhosi
• Mankhwala
• Mukafuna maantibayotiki
• Mfundo yofunika

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kodi pakhosi ndi chiyani?

Pakhosi pakhungu ndikumva kuwawa, kuwuma, kapena kukanda pakhosi.

Zowawa zapakhosi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zodziwika bwino. Imakhala ndi maulendo opitilira 13 miliyoni opita kumaofesi azachipatala chaka chilichonse ().

Zilonda zapakhosi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda, kapena chifukwa cha chilengedwe monga mpweya wouma. Ngakhale kuti pakhosi limakhala losasangalatsa, nthawi zambiri limadzichokera lokha.

Zilonda zapakhosi zimagawika m'mitundu, kutengera kukhosi komwe kumakhudza:

• Pharyngitis imakhudza dera lomwe lili mkamwa.
• Zilonda zapakhosi kutupa ndi redness wa tonsils, minofu zofewa kumbuyo kwa pakamwa.
• Laryngitis ndikutupa ndi kufiira kwa mawu am'mawu, kapena kholingo.

Zilonda zapakhosi

Zizindikiro za zilonda zapakhosi zimasiyana kutengera zomwe zidayambitsa. Pakhosi limatha kumva:

• zokanda
• kuyaka
• yaiwisi
• youma
• wachifundo
• kukwiya

Zitha kupweteketsa kwambiri mukameza kapena kuyankhula. Khosi lanu kapena matani anu amathanso kuwoneka ofiira.

Nthawi zina, zigamba zoyera kapena madera a mafinya amapangika pama toni. Zigawo zoyera izi ndizofala kwambiri pamitsinje yam'mero ​​kuposa zilonda zapakhosi zoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo.

Pamodzi ndi zilonda zapakhosi, mutha kukhala ndi zisonyezo monga:

• Kuchuluka kwa mphuno
• mphuno
• kuyetsemula
• chifuwa
• malungo
• kuzizira
• zotupa zotupa m'khosi
• mawu okweza
• kupweteka kwa thupi
• mutu
• vuto kumeza
• njala

8 zimayambitsa zilonda zapakhosi

Zomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zapakhosi zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda mpaka kuvulala. Nazi zifukwa zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zimafala kwambiri pammero.

1. Chimfine, chimfine, ndi matenda ena a tizilombo

Mavairasi amayambitsa pafupifupi 90% ya zilonda zapakhosi (). Zina mwa mavairasi omwe amayambitsa zilonda zapakhosi ndi awa:

• chimfine
• fuluwenza - chimfine
• mononucleosis, matenda opatsirana omwe amafalikira kudzera malovu
• chikuku, matenda omwe amayambitsa zotupa ndi malungo
• nthomba, matenda omwe amayambitsa malungo komanso zotupa, zotupa
• mumps, matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa tiziwalo timene timatuluka m'khosi

2. Khosi loluma ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya

Matenda a bakiteriya amathanso kuyambitsa zilonda zapakhosi. Chofala kwambiri ndi strep throat, matenda am'mero ​​ndi matani omwe amayambitsidwa ndi gulu A Mzere mabakiteriya.

Kukhazikika pakakhosi kumayambitsa pafupifupi 40% ya zilonda zapakhosi mwa ana (3). Zilonda zapakhosi, komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana monga gonorrhea ndi chlamydia amathanso kuyambitsa zilonda zapakhosi.

3. Ziwengo

Chitetezo cha mthupi chitakumana ndi zovuta monga mungu, udzu, ndi dander, zimatulutsa mankhwala omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro monga kuchulukana kwa mphuno, maso amadzi, kuyetsemula, ndi kukwiya pakhosi.

Mamina owonjezera m'mphuno amatha kutsikira kumbuyo kwa mmero. Izi zimatchedwa kuti postnasal drip ndipo zimatha kukwiyitsa pakhosi.

4. Mpweya wouma

Mpweya wouma umatha kuyamwa chinyontho kuchokera mkamwa ndi pakhosi, ndikuwasiya akumva owuma komanso owuma. Mpweya umakhala wouma kwambiri m'miyezi yachisanu pamene chotenthetsera chikuyenda.

5. Utsi, mankhwala, ndi zina zotopetsa

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimakhumudwitsa pakhosi, kuphatikizapo:

• ndudu ndi utsi wina wa fodya
• kuipitsa mpweya
• zotsukira mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena

Pambuyo pa Seputembara 11, opitilira 62 peresenti ya ozimitsa moto omwe adayankha adatinso zilonda zapakhosi. Ndi 3.2% okha omwe anali ndi zilonda zapakhosi ngozi ya World Trade Center isanachitike ().

6. Kuvulala

Kuvulala kulikonse, monga kugunda kapena kudula m'khosi, kumatha kupweteka pakhosi. Kupeza chidutswa cha chakudya chakhazikika pammero mwako kumatha kukwiyitsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kumalimbitsa zingwe zamagulu ndi minofu pakhosi. Mutha kukhala ndi zilonda zapakhosi mutalalata, kuyankhula mokweza, kapena kuyimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Zilonda zapakhosi ndizodandaula pakati pa alangizi ndi aphunzitsi olimbitsa thupi, omwe nthawi zambiri amayenera kufuula ().

7. Matenda a reflux a Gastroesophageal (GERD)

Matenda a reflux a Gastroesophageal (GERD) ndimomwe asidi kuchokera m'mimba amapitilira m'mimba - chubu chomwe chimanyamula chakudya kuchokera mkamwa kupita m'mimba.

Asidi amawotcha pakhosi ndi pakhosi, ndikupangitsa zizindikiritso monga kutentha pa chifuwa ndi asidi Reflux - kubwezeretsanso asidi pakhosi panu.

8. chotupa

Chotupa cha pakhosi, mawu amawu, kapena lilime sichinthu chofala kwambiri pakhosi. Pakhosi pakakhala chizindikiro cha khansa, sichitha patatha masiku ochepa.

Zithandizo zapakhomo zowawa zapakhosi

Mutha kuchiza zilonda zapakhosi kunyumba. Pumulani mokwanira kuti chitetezo chanu chitetezeke.

Kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi:

• Gargle ndi chisakanizo cha madzi ofunda ndi 1/2 mpaka supuni 1 ya mchere.
• Imwani zakumwa zotentha zomwe zimakhazika pakhosi, monga tiyi wotentha ndi uchi, msuzi msuzi, kapena madzi ofunda okhala ndi mandimu. Zitsamba zimalimbikitsa kwambiri pakhosi ().
• Konzani pakhosi panu pakudya chimfine ngati popsicle kapena ayisikilimu.
• Suck on a piece of hard candy or lozenge.
• Tsegulani chopangira chinyezi chowonjezera kuti muwonjezere chinyezi mlengalenga.
• Pumulitsani mawu anu mpaka kukhosi kwanu kumveke bwino.

Gulani zopangira zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Zilonda zambiri zapakhosi zimatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba. Zamadzimadzi ofunda kapena zakudya zachisanu zimamva kukhosi. Chopangira chinyezi chimatha kusungunula pakhosi louma.

Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala

Zilonda zapakhosi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri zimachira pazokha m'masiku awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri (). Komabe zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zapakhosi zimayenera kuthandizidwa.

Itanani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zina mwazizindikiro zowopsa izi:

• zilonda zapakhosi
• vuto kumeza
• kuvuta kupuma, kapena kupweteka mukamapuma
• kuvuta kutsegula pakamwa pako
• zilonda zam'mimba
• malungo apamwamba kuposa madigiri 101 Fahrenheit (38 madigiri Celsius)
• khosi lopweteka kapena lolimba
• khutu
• magazi m'matumbo mwanu
• zilonda zapakhosi zomwe zimatha kupitirira sabata

Makosi opweteka kwambiri amayamba kukhala okha pakadutsa masiku ochepa. Matenda a bakiteriya monga strep throat amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Onani dotolo pazizindikiro zazikulu monga zovuta kumeza kapena kupuma, khosi lolimba, kapena malungo.

Momwe zimakhalira pakhosi

Mukamamuyesa mayeso, adokotala adzafunsa za matenda anu, ndipo adzagwiritsa ntchito nyali kuti ayang'ane kumbuyo kwa mmero kwanu ngati kufiira, kutupa, ndi malo oyera. Dokotala amathanso kumva m'mbali mwa khosi lanu kuti awone ngati muli ndi zotupa zotupa.

Ngati dokotalayo akukayikira kuti muli ndi khosi lopweteka, mudzapeza chikhalidwe cha pakhosi kuti muzindikire. Dokotala amayendetsa swab kumbuyo kwa khosi lanu ndikutenga zoyeserera kuti ayese mabakiteriya am'mero. Poyesa mwachangu, adokotala amapeza zotsatira zake mphindi zochepa.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, chitsanzocho chidzatumizidwa ku labu kukayesedwa. Kuyesa kwa labu kumatenga masiku awiri kapena awiri, koma kumatha kuwonetsa motsimikiza kuti muli ndi khosi.

Nthawi zina mungafunike mayesero ena kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka kwanu. Mutha kuwona katswiri yemwe amachiza matenda am'mero, wotchedwa khutu, mphuno, ndi mmero (ENT) dokotala kapena otolaryngologist.

Madokotala amadziwika kuti strep throat potsatira zizindikilo, kuyesa mmero, ndi kuyesa kwa strep. Kuti mukhale ndi zilonda zapakhosi popanda kudziwika bwino, mungafunikire kuwona katswiri yemwe amathandizira makutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi.

Mankhwala

Mutha kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse kupweteka kwa pakhosi, kapena kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Mankhwala owonjezera omwe amathandiza kupweteka kwam'mero ​​ndi awa:

• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• aspirin

Osapereka aspirin kwa ana ndi achinyamata, chifukwa adalumikizidwa ndi vuto losowa koma lowopsa lotchedwa Reye's syndrome.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zamankhwalawa, omwe amagwira ntchito molunjika pa zowawa zapakhosi:

• chopopera pakhosi chomwe chimakhala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo monga phenol, kapena chozizira monga menthol kapena bulugamu
• Zovala zapakhosi
• mankhwala a chifuwa

Sakani zolowa mmero.

Gulani mankhwala a chifuwa.

Zitsamba zina, kuphatikizapo zoterera elm, marshmallow root, ndi licorice muzu, amagulitsidwa ngati mankhwala owawa pakhosi. Palibe umboni wambiri wogwira ntchitoyi, koma tiyi wazitsamba wotchedwa Throat Coat yemwe ali ndi zonse zitatuzi adathandizira kupweteka kwam'mero ​​paphunziro limodzi ().

Gulani tiyi wazitsamba wa Khola Odula.

Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa asidi m'mimba amatha kuthandizira kukhosi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi GERD. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Maantacid monga Tums, Rolaids, Maalox, ndi Mylanta amachepetsa asidi m'mimba.
• Ma H2 blockers monga cimetidine (Tagamet HB), ndi famotidine (Pepcid AC), kuti achepetse kupanga asidi m'mimba.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) monga lansoprazole (Prevacid 24) ndi omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid OTC) yoletsa kupanga acid.

Gulani ma antacids.

Mankhwala otsika a corticosteroids amathanso kuthandizira kupweteka kwa pakhosi, osayambitsa zovuta zilizonse ().

Kupweteka kwapadera kumachepetsa, kupopera, ndi lozenges kumachepetsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa asidi m'mimba amatha kuthandizira pakhungu lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi GERD.

Mukafuna maantibayotiki

Maantibayotiki amachiza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, monga strep throat. Sadzachiza matenda opatsirana.

Muyenera kuchiza khosi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti mupewe zovuta zina monga chibayo, bronchitis, ndi rheumatic fever. Maantibayotiki amatha kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha rheumatic fever kupitirira magawo awiri mwa atatu (9).

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amakhala pafupifupi masiku 10 (). Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala onse omwe ali mu botolo, ngakhale mutayamba kumva bwino. Kuyimitsa maantibayotiki koyambirira kumatha kusiya mabakiteriya ena amoyo, omwe angakudwalitseni.

Maantibayotiki amachiza zilonda zapakhosi zoyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, monga strep throat. Muyenera kuchiza khosi kuti mupewe zovuta zina. Tengani mlingo wonse wa maantibayotiki, ngakhale mutayamba kumva bwino.

Mfundo yofunika

Matenda a virus ndi bakiteriya, komanso zopweteka komanso kuvulala, zimayambitsa zilonda zambiri zapakhosi. Zilonda zapakhosi zambiri zimachira m'masiku ochepa osalandira chithandizo.

Kupumula, zakumwa zotentha, zotsekera m'madzi amchere, komanso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu amathandizanso kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi kunyumba.

Kupweteka kwapakhosi ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a swab kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi strep.

Onani dokotala kuti azindikire zizindikiro zowopsa, monga kupuma movutikira kapena kumeza, kutentha thupi kwambiri, kapena khosi lolimba.