Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a Impso
Zamkati
- Kodi matenda a impso a siteji 4 ndi chiyani?
- Kodi Zizindikiro za Matenda a Impso Gawo 4?
- Kodi ndizovuta zanji kuchokera pagawo 4 la matenda a impso?
- Kodi njira zamankhwala zamankhwala a gawo la 4 la impso ndi ziti?
- Kuwunika ndi kuwongolera
- Kuchepetsa kupitako
- Kusankha masitepe otsatira
- Gawo lachinayi la matenda a impso
- Gawo lachinayi la matenda a impso limasintha
- Kodi chiwonetsero cha matenda a impso a siteji 4 ndi chiani?
- Zotenga zazikulu
Pali magawo asanu a matenda a impso. Pa gawo 4, muli ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kosasinthika kwa impso. Komabe, pali zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kapena kupewa kupita patsogolo kwa impso.
Pitirizani kuwerenga pamene tikufufuza:
- siteji 4 matenda a impso
- momwe amachitira
- zomwe mungachite kuti musamalire thanzi lanu
Kodi matenda a impso a siteji 4 ndi chiyani?
Gawo 1 ndi gawo 2 zimawerengedwa kuti matenda amayamba a impso koyambirira. Impso sizikugwira ntchito pa 100 peresenti, komabe zimagwirabe ntchito mokwanira kuti musakhale ndi zizindikiro.
Pofika gawo lachitatu, mwataya pafupifupi theka la impso, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto ena.
Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso a siteji 4, ndiye kuti impso zanu zawonongeka kwambiri. Muli ndi kusefera kwama glomerular, kapena GFR, ya 15-29 ml / min. Ndiwo kuchuluka kwa magazi impso zanu zomwe zimatha kusefa pamphindi.
GFR imatsimikizika poyesa kuchuluka kwa creatinine, chotayika, m'magazi anu. Fomuyi imafunikanso zaka, kugonana, mtundu, komanso kukula kwa thupi. Impso zikugwira ntchito pa 15-29 peresenti yachibadwa.
GFR ikhoza kukhala yolondola nthawi zina, monga ngati:
- ali ndi pakati
- onenepa kwambiri
- ali ndi minyewa yambiri
- kukhala ndi vuto la kudya
Mayesero ena omwe amathandiza kudziwa siteji ndi awa:
- kuyesera magazi kuti ayang'ane zinyalala zina
- shuga wamagazi
- kuyesa mkodzo kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa magazi kapena mapuloteni
- kuthamanga kwa magazi
- kuyezetsa kuyezetsa mawonekedwe a impso
Gawo 4 ndilo gawo lomaliza asanafike impso, kapena gawo lachisanu la matenda a impso.
Kodi Zizindikiro za Matenda a Impso Gawo 4?
Mu gawo la 4, zizindikilo zingaphatikizepo:
- posungira madzimadzi
- kutopa
- kupweteka kwa msana
- mavuto ogona
- kuonjezera kukodza ndi mkodzo womwe umawoneka wofiira kapena wakuda
Kodi ndizovuta zanji kuchokera pagawo 4 la matenda a impso?
Zovuta zakusungidwa kwamadzimadzi zimatha kuphatikiza:
- kutupa kwa mikono ndi miyendo (edema)
- kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa)
- madzimadzi m'mapapo (m'mapapo mwanga edema)
Ngati potaziyamu yanu imakwera kwambiri (hyperkalemia), imatha kukhudza momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito.
Mavuto ena omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:
- mavuto a mtima ndi magazi (mtima)
- Kutupa kwa nembanemba mozungulira mtima wanu (pericardium)
- cholesterol yambiri
- kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira (kuchepa magazi)
- kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi
- mafupa ofooka
- Kulephera kwa erectile, kuchepa kwachonde, kutsika pogonana
- kuvuta kulingalira, kugwidwa, ndi kusintha kwa umunthu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yayikulu
- chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi
Ngati muli ndi pakati, matenda a impso angakulitse zoopsa kwa inu komanso kwa mwana wanu.
Kodi njira zamankhwala zamankhwala a gawo la 4 la impso ndi ziti?
Kuwunika ndi kuwongolera
Mu gawo la 4 la matenda a impso, mudzawona katswiri wanu wa impso (nephrologist) nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri kamodzi pakatha miyezi itatu kuti muwone momwe alili. Kuti muwone momwe impso imagwirira ntchito, magazi anu adzayesedwa mulingo wa:
- bikarboneti
- kashiamu
- alireza
- hemogulobini
- phosphorous
- potaziyamu
Mayeso ena wamba adzaphatikizira:
- mapuloteni mkodzo
- kuthamanga kwa magazi
- mawonekedwe amadzimadzi
Dokotala wanu adzawunikanso:
- chiopsezo cha mtima
- Katemera
- mankhwala apano
Kuchepetsa kupitako
Palibe mankhwala, koma pali njira zomwe zingachedwetse kupita patsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuwunika ndi kuwongolera zinthu monga:
- kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
- matenda amfupa
- matenda ashuga
- edema
- cholesterol yambiri
- matenda oopsa
Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala anu onse monga momwe mwalangizira kuti muteteze impso ndi matenda amtima.
Kusankha masitepe otsatira
Chifukwa gawo 4 ndiye gawo lomaliza asanagwere impso, omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo adzakulankhulani za kuthekera kumeneko. Ino ndi nthawi yoti musankhe pazotsatira zomwe zingachitike.
Kulephera kwa impso kumathandizidwa ndi:
- dialysis
- Kuika impso
- kuthandizira (palliative) chisamaliro
National Kidney Foundation imalimbikitsa kuyambitsa dialysis pomwe ntchito ya impso ili 15% kapena kuchepera. Kamodzi kugwira ntchito kumakhala kochepera pa 15 peresenti, muli mu gawo la 5 la matenda a impso.
Gawo lachinayi la matenda a impso
Zakudya za matenda a impso zimadalira zina, monga matenda ashuga. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo pazakudya kapena pemphani kuti mutumizidwe kwa katswiri wazamagetsi.
Mwambiri, chakudya cha matenda a impso chiyenera:
- ikani zakudya zatsopano pazinthu zopangidwa kale
- khalani ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono a nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba
- Phatikizani kumwa pang'ono
- kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi, mafuta okhathamira, ndi shuga woyengedwa
- pewani mchere
Magulu a phosphorus amatha kukhala okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mupite pamawonekedwe anu aposachedwa amwazi. Zakudya zomwe zili ndi phosphorous kwambiri ndi monga:
- zopangidwa ndi mkaka
- mtedza
- chiponde
- nyemba zouma, nandolo, ndi mphodza
- koko, mowa, ndi kola wamdima
- nthambi
Ngati potaziyamu ndiyokwera kwambiri, muchepetse:
- nthochi, mavwende, malalanje, ndi zipatso zouma
- mbatata, tomato, ndi mapeyala
- masamba obiriwira
- mpunga wabulauni komanso wamtchire
- Zakudya za mkaka
- nyemba, nandolo, ndi mtedza
- phala la chimanga, mkate wonse wa tirigu, ndi pasitala
- m'malo mwa mchere
- nyama, nkhuku, nkhumba, ndi nsomba
Onetsetsani kuti mumakambirana pazakudya zanu nthawi iliyonse yomwe mwasankhidwa ndi omwe amakuthandizani. Muyenera kupanga zosintha mukatha kuwunika mayeso anu aposachedwa.
Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo pazomwe mungadye, ngati zingatheke, komanso ngati muyenera kusintha madzimadzi kapena ayi.
Gawo lachinayi la matenda a impso limasintha
Palinso zosintha zina pamoyo wanu kuti zithandizire kupewa kuwonongeka kwa impso zanu. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Osasuta, ngati mumasuta. Kusuta kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Amawonjezera chiopsezo chotseguka, kugunda kwamtima, ndi sitiroko. Ngati mukuvutika kusiya, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo kuti musiye kusuta.
- Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi. Khalani ndi mphindi 30 patsiku, osachepera masiku 5 pa sabata.
- Tengani mankhwala onse oyenera. Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala onse oyenera, funsani omwe akukuthandizani musanawonjezere mankhwala kapena zowonjezera.
- Onani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani kuti munene ndi kukambirana za zatsopano ndi kukulitsa zizindikiro ndi athandizi anu zaumoyo.
Kodi chiwonetsero cha matenda a impso a siteji 4 ndi chiani?
Palibe mankhwala a siteji 4 matenda a impso. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuteteza impso kulephera ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Mu 2012, ofufuza adapeza kuti abambo ndi amai omwe ali ndi impso yotsika, makamaka ochepera 30 peresenti, adachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo cha moyo.
Adanenanso kuti azimayi amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wautali pazigawo zonse za matenda a impso kupatula gawo lachinayi, pomwe pamangosiyana pang'ono ndi jenda. Matendawa amakhala osawuka ndi ukalamba.
- Pazaka 40, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 10.4 kwa amuna ndi zaka 9.1 kwa akazi.
- Pazaka 60, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chili pafupifupi zaka 5.6 kwa amuna ndi zaka 6.2 kwa akazi.
- Pa zaka 80, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 2.5 kwa amuna ndi zaka 3.1 kwa akazi.
Kudziwitsa kwanu kumadalira pazomwe zilipo kale ndi chithandizo chomwe mungalandire. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukupatsani lingaliro labwino lazomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.
Zotenga zazikulu
Gawo lachinayi la matenda a impso ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuwunika mosamala ndikuchiza kumathandizira kuchepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumalepheretsa impso kulephera.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukonzekera dialysis kapena impso kumuika pakachitika impso.
Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kuyang'anira zomwe zakhalapo kale ndi chisamaliro chothandizira. Ndikofunika kuti muwone katswiri wa impso zanu pafupipafupi kuti muwone momwe matenda anu aliri komanso kuti matendawa akukula pang'onopang'ono.