Mitundu 4 yayikulu ya matenda ashuga

Zamkati

• 1. Type 1 shuga
• 2. Type 2 shuga
• Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga
• 3. Gestational shuga
• 4. Mitundu ina

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga ndi mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri, womwe umakhala ndi zosiyana, monga zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, ndipo umatha kukhala wokha, monga mtundu wa 1, kapena wokhudzana ndi chibadwa ndi zizolowezi zamoyo, monga zimachitika mu mtundu 2.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga imasiyananso malinga ndi chithandizo, chomwe chingachitike ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mapiritsi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Komabe, palinso mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga, omwe ndi matenda ashuga obereka, omwe amapezeka mwa amayi apakati chifukwa chosintha mahomoni panthawiyi, Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ya Wamkulu, kapena LADA, ndi Matenda a Matenda a Achinyamata, kapena MODY, zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mumvetsetse bwino kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe matenda amayamba.

1. Type 1 shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndimatenda amthupi okhaokha, momwe thupi limagwirira molakwika ma cell a kapamba omwe amatulutsa insulin, kuwawononga. Chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa insulin, kumayambitsa kusungunuka kwa magazi m'magazi, zomwe zitha kupweteketsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, monga kulephera kwa impso, kubwereranso m'maso kapena matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.

Poyamba, matendawa sangayambitse zizindikiro, komabe, nthawi zina zitha kuwoneka:

• Pafupipafupi kukodza;
• Ludzu kwambiri ndi njala;
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amapezeka nthawi zambiri ali mwana kapena wachinyamata, chifukwa ndipamene izi zimachitika pakusatetezeka.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 chimachitidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza pa shuga wochepa komanso chakudya chochepa chama carbohydrate. Pezani zomwe muyenera kudya komanso zomwe muyenera kudya ndi zomwe simuyenera kudya ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunikanso kuti odwala azichita zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, motsogozedwa ndi aphunzitsi, kuti athandize kuwongolera milingo ya shuga ndikukhala ndi kagayidwe kabwino ka kagayidwe.

2. Type 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wa matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majini komanso zizolowezi zina pamoyo wawo, monga kudya kwambiri shuga, mafuta, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa zolakwika pakupanga ndi kuchititsa insulin mu thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wamtunduwu amapezeka mwa anthu opitilira 40, chifukwa amakula pakapita nthawi ndipo, koyambirira, samayambitsa zizindikilo, kuwononga thupi mwakachetechete. Komabe, zikafika poipa kwambiri ndipo osalandira chithandizo, zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro izi:

• Kumva ludzu nthawi zonse;
• Njala yokokomeza;
• Kulimbikitsidwa pafupipafupi kukodza;
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chomveka;
• Zovuta pakachiritso ka bala;
• Masomphenya olakwika.

Asanayambike matenda ashuga, munthuyu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti pre-diabetes. Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kupewa kukula kwa matendawa, kudzera muzochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuwongolera zakudya. Mvetsetsani momwe mungadziwire ndikuchiza ma prediabetes kuti muteteze matendawa.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 chimachitika ndimankhwala ochepetsa shuga wamagazi, monga metformin, glibenclamide kapena gliclazide, mwachitsanzo, woperekedwa ndi dokotala kapena endocrinologist. Koma, kutengera thanzi la wodwalayo kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin tsiku ndi tsiku kungakhale kofunikira.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, muyeneranso kukhala ndi chakudya chamagulu a shuga ndi chakudya china komanso mafuta, kuwonjezera pa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi ndizofunikira pakuwongolera matendawa komanso ukalamba wokhala ndi moyo wabwino. Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala ndi zotsatira zamtundu wa 2 shuga.

Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga

Gome likufotokozera mwachidule kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri iyi ya matenda ashuga:

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kuyenera kupangidwa ndimayeso amwazi omwe amadziwitsa shuga wochulukirapo, monga kusala kudya kwa shuga, glycated hemoglobin, kuyesa kulolerana ndi glucose ndi capillary glucose test. Onani momwe mayesowa amachitikira ndi mfundo zomwe zimatsimikizira matenda ashuga.

3. Gestational shuga

Matenda a shuga amayamba panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndipo amatha kupezeka pamayeso a mayeso a shuga atatha milungu makumi awiri ndi iwiri ali ndi pakati, komanso amayambanso chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa kapangidwe ka insulin m'thupi.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo kapena omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zosayenera pamoyo wawo, monga kudya mafuta ndi shuga owonjezera.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga oberekera ndizofanana ndi za matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndipo chithandizo chawo chimachitika ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti athetse matenda ashuga, chifukwa amayamba kuzimiririka mwana akabadwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndikofunikira pakulamulira magazi m'magazi mokwanira.

Dziwani zambiri za zizindikilo za matenda a shuga, matenda ake komanso momwe angachiritsire.

4. Mitundu ina

Palinso njira zina zopezera matenda ashuga, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyambitsidwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Matenda Aakulu Odzidzimutsa Omwe Amakhala Ndi Matenda Aakulu, kapena LADA, ndi mtundu wokhawo wa matenda ashuga, koma umachitika mwa akulu. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakayikiridwa ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi vuto lofulumira kwambiri la kapamba ndipo amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulini msanga;
• Matenda a Matenda a Achinyamata, kapena ANTHU, ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa achinyamata, koma ndiwofatsa kuposa mtundu wa shuga woyamba komanso wofanana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin sikofunikira kuyambira pachiyambi. Matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ana onenepa kwambiri;
• Zofooka za chibadwa zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka insulini;
• Matenda a pancreatic, monga chotupa, matenda kapena fibrosis;
• Matenda a Endocrine, monga Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma ndi acromegaly, mwachitsanzo;
• Matenda ashuga amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga corticosteroids.

Palinso matenda omwe amatchedwa matenda a shuga insipidus omwe, ngakhale ali ndi dzina lofananalo, si matenda ashuga, kukhala matenda okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni omwe amatulutsa mkodzo. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za matendawa, onani momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiritsira insipidus ya matenda ashuga.