Mitundu yamagazi: A, B, AB, O (ndi magulu ogwirizana)

Zamkati

• Ndani angapereke magazi
• Momwe mungaperekere magazi

Mitundu yamagazi imagawika malinga ndi kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa ma agglutinins, omwe amatchedwanso ma antibodies kapena mapuloteni m'madzi am'magazi. Chifukwa chake, magazi atha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi malinga ndi dongosolo la ABO mu:

• Magazi A: ndi imodzi mwamagulu ofala kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ma antibodies olimbana ndi mtundu B, wotchedwanso anti-B, ndipo imangolandira magazi kuchokera kwa anthu amtundu wa A kapena O;
• Magazi B: ndi umodzi mwamitundu yosowa kwambiri ndipo uli ndi ma antibodies olimbana ndi mtundu wa A, wotchedwanso anti-A, ndipo amangolandira magazi kuchokera kwa anthu amtundu wa B kapena O;
• Magazi a AB: ndi imodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri ndipo ilibe ma antibodies olimbana ndi A kapena B, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kulandira magazi amitundu yonse popanda kuchitapo kanthu;
• Magazi O: amadziwika kuti ndiwopereka chilengedwe chonse ndipo ndi amodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri, ali ndi ma anti-A ndi anti-B, ndipo amatha kulandira magazi okha kuchokera ku mtundu wa O anthu, apo ayi atha kukulitsa maselo ofiira.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi Oakhoza kupereka magazi kwa aliyense koma amangolandira zopereka kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi womwewo. Kumbali ina, anthu amakonda AB amatha kulandira magazi kuchokera kwa aliyense koma amatha kungopereka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagazi womwewo. Ndikofunika kuti kuthiriridwa magazi kumangochitika mwa anthu omwe amagwirizana, apo ayi pakhoza kukhala zotengera zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta.

Malinga ndi mtundu wamagazi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya zomwe zingakhale zoyenera. Onani momwe zakudya ziyenera kukhalira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi magazi A, magazi B, magazi AB kapena magazi O.

Ali ndi pakati, mayi akakhala kuti alibe Rh komanso mwana ali ndi chiyembekezo, pali mwayi woti mayi wapakati atulutsa ma antibodies kuti athetse mwanayo ndipo atha kutaya mimba. Chifukwa chake, amayi apakati omwe ali ndi mtundu wamagaziwu ayenera kufunsa a gynecologist kuti aone ngati pali chisonyezo cha jakisoni wa anti-D immunoglobulin, koma sipakhala zovuta zazikulu pakubereka koyamba. Nazi zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mtundu wamagazi amayi wapakati ndi Rh negative.

Ndani angapereke magazi

Kupereka magazi kumatha pafupifupi mphindi 30 ndipo zofunika zina ziyenera kulemekezedwa, monga:

• Khalani pakati pa 18 ndi 65 wazaka, komabe anthu azaka 16 amatha kupereka magazi bola ngati ali ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa makolo kapena omwe akuwasamalira ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zina kuti apereke;
• Kulemera makilogalamu oposa 50;
• Ngati muli ndi tattoo, dikirani pakati pa miyezi 6 mpaka 12 kuti mutsimikizire kuti simunadetsedwe ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda a chiwindi komanso kuti mudakali athanzi;
• Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ojambulidwa oletsedwa mosaloledwa;
• Dikirani chaka chimodzi mutachiritsa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Amuna amatha kupereka magazi kamodzi kokha miyezi itatu iliyonse komanso maulendo anayi pachaka komanso azimayi miyezi inayi iliyonse komanso maulendo opitilira 3 pachaka, popeza azimayi amataya magazi mwezi uliwonse kusamba, amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa magazi . Onani momwe zingaletsedwere kupereka magazi.

Musanapereke zopereka ndikofunikira kupewa kudya zakudya zamafuta osachepera maola 4 musanapereke, kuphatikiza pa kupewa kusala. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidye mopepuka musanapereke magazi ndipo mutapereka, khalani ndi chotupitsa pambuyo pake, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa pamalo operekerako. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa zakumwa zambiri, osasuta kwa maola osachepera 2 mutapereka ndalama ndipo simumachita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, chifukwa mwina pakhoza kukhala kukomoka, mwachitsanzo.

Onani izi muvidiyo yotsatirayi:

Momwe mungaperekere magazi

Munthu amene akufuna kupereka magazi ayenera kupita ku malo omwe amatolera magazi, kudzaza fomu ndi mafunso angapo okhudzana ndi thanzi lawo komanso moyo wawo. Fomuyi idzaunikiridwa ndi katswiri ndipo, ngati munthuyo angathe, atha kukhala pampando wabwino kuti zoperekazo ziperekedwe.

Namwino adzaika singano mumtsuko wa mkono, kudzera momwe magaziwo amayendera muthumba linalake kuti asungire magazi. Zoperekazo zimatha pafupifupi theka la ola ndipo ndizotheka kupempha tchuthi kuntchito lero, popanda kuchotsera malipiro.

Pamapeto pa zoperekazo, chakudya chokhwima chimaperekedwa kwa woperekayo, kuti abwezeretse mphamvu zake, chifukwa si zachilendo kuti woperekayo azikhala wofooka komanso wamisala, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe achotsedwa osafikira theka la lita ndipo chamoyocho posachedwa yambitsaninso izi.

Ndizotheka kupereka magazi ndipo woperekayo sapeza matenda aliwonse, chifukwa amatsata chitetezo chamwazi mdziko lonse komanso mayiko ochokera ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo, American Association ndi European Council on Blood Banks.

Onerani vidiyo yotsatirayi komanso mudziwe nthawi yomwe magazi sangaperekedwe: