Kodi pali mitundu ya OCD?

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za OCD ndi ziti?
• Kukonza ndi kuipitsa
• Zofananira ndi kuyitanitsa
• Malingaliro oletsedwa
• Kusunga
• Kodi OCD imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi chimayambitsa OCD ndi chiyani?
• Mbiri ya banja
• Zomwe zimayambitsa zamoyo
• Zinthu zachilengedwe
• Kodi OCD amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi OCD ndi otani?
• Mfundo yofunika

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Matenda osokoneza bongo (OCD) ndimatenda amisala omwe amaphatikizapo:

• Zochitika. Zizindikirozi zimaphatikizapo malingaliro kapena malingaliro osafunikira omwe amasokoneza moyo wanu ndikukulepheretsani kuyang'ana pazinthu zina.
• Zokakamiza. Zizindikirozi zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe mukuwona kuti muyenera kuchita mwanjira inayake poyankha zovuta.

OCD imatha kupereka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kulibe magawo ovomerezeka kapena ochepa a OCD, akuwonetsa kuti anthu amakhala ndi zizindikilo za OCD m'magulu anayi akuluakulu:

• kuyeretsa ndi kuipitsa
• kufanana ndi kuyitanitsa
• Malingaliro oletsedwa, ovulaza, kapena osagwirizana
• kusungira, pakufunika kusonkhanitsa kapena kusunga zinthu zina kumakhudzana ndi kutengeka kapena kukakamizidwa

Magulu azizindikirowa amafotokozedwanso patsamba laposachedwa la Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways (DSM-5). Ogwira ntchito zamaganizidwe amatha kuwatchula ngati kukula kwa chizindikiro m'malo mwa OCD subtypes.

Sikuti munthu aliyense wokhala ndi OCD amakumana nazo momwemo. Zizindikiro zenizeni zitha kukhala zofanana pakati pa anthu ena. Komabe, zizindikilo zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za kukula kwa OCD, kuphatikizapo zizindikilo, kuzindikira, zoyambitsa, ndi chithandizo.

Zizindikiro za OCD ndi ziti?

Ndi OCD, mumakhala ndi malingaliro kapena zokakamiza zomwe zimakukhumudwitsani ndikuzunza. Mutha kuyesa kuwanyalanyaza kapena kuwachotsa m'malingaliro mwanu, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka.

Ngakhale mutasiya kuganizira za iwo kwakanthawi, nthawi zambiri amabwerera.

Ngati mukukhala ndi OCD, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zanu zimatha kubwera kuchokera pagulu limodzi kapena angapo.

Kukonza ndi kuipitsa

Chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu chingaphatikizepo:

• kudandaula kosalekeza za majeremusi kapena matenda
• Malingaliro akumva kukhala odetsedwa kapena odetsedwa (mwathupi kapena m'maganizo)
• mantha osalekeza okhudzana ndi magazi, zinthu zowopsa, mavairasi, kapena zinthu zina zoyipitsa
• kupewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuipitsidwa
• kukakamizidwa kuti muchotse zinthu zomwe mumaona kuti ndi zodetsa (ngakhale zitakhala zosayera)
• kukakamizidwa kutsuka kapena kuyeretsa zinthu zakhudzana
• miyambo yoyeretsera kapena kutsuka, monga kusamba m'manja kapena kupukuta pamtunda kangapo

Zofananira ndi kuyitanitsa

Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikizira:

• kufunika kwa zinthu kapena katundu kuti zigwirizane mwanjira inayake
• chosowa chofananira kapena kulinganiza pazinthu
• chosowa chofananira (ngati mukukanda bondo lanu lakumanzere, muyeneranso kukanda bondo lanu lamanja)
• kukakamizidwa kukonza katundu wanu kapena zinthu zina mpaka atakhala "oyenera"
• kumverera kukhala osakwanira pomwe zinthu sizili zenizeni
• kuwerengera miyambo, monga kufunika kuwerengera nambala inayake kangapo
• kuganiza zamatsenga, kapena kukhulupirira china chake choipa chidzachitika ngati simukonzekera kapena kukonza zinthu m'njira yoyenera
• miyambo ya gulu kapena njira zina zofananira zinthu

Malingaliro oletsedwa

Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo:

• malingaliro olowerera omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ogonana kapena achiwawa mwachilengedwe
• liwongo, manyazi, ndi mavuto ena pamaganizidwe anu
• kufunsa kosalekeza pazakugonana kwanu, zokhumba zanu, kapena zofuna zanu zogonana
• kudandaula kosalekeza kuti mungachite zomwe mwalakwitsa kapena kuti kukhala nazo kumakupangitsani kukhala munthu woyipa
• kuda nkhawa pafupipafupi kuti mudzadzivulaza nokha kapena wina wopanda tanthauzo
• kutengeka ndi malingaliro achipembedzo omwe amadzimva kuti ndi amwano kapena olakwika
• kumangokhalira kudziimba mlandu chifukwa choyambitsa zinthu zoyipa
• zokakamiza kubisa zinthu zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati chida
• kufunafuna chitsimikiziro chakuti simudzachita zinthu zosokoneza
• kufunafuna chitsimikizo kuti simunthu oyipa
• miyambo yamaganizidwe kuti muchotse kapena kuchotsa malingaliro anu
• kuwunikanso pafupipafupi zochitika zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukuvulaza aliyense, kaya m'maganizo kapena mwakuthupi mukutsatira mapazi anu

Anthu pakali pano akulongosola "mtundu" wa OCD womwe amawatcha "pure O," womwe umafotokozedwa kuti umakhudza kukhumbira komanso malingaliro okonda zachiwerewere kapena zachipembedzo popanda zokopa zakunja.

Ngakhale kuti ili posachedwapa lakhala mawu odziwika, si mawu azachipatala kapena matenda. Titha kunena kuti ndizofanana ndi zizindikilo zina zokhudzana ndi malingaliro oletsedwa.

Kusunga

Zizindikiro za gululi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• kumangokhalira kuda nkhawa kuti kutaya china chake kungakubweretsereni inu kapena munthu wina
• kufunika kosonkhanitsa nambala inayake yazinthu kuti mudziteteze kapena kuteteza wina ku ngozi
• kuopa kwambiri kutaya chinthu chofunikira kapena chofunikira mwangozi (monga makalata okhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kapena chofunikira)
• kukakamizidwa kugula zochulukitsa za chinthu chomwecho, ngakhale simukusowa zochuluka
• kuvuta kutaya zinthu chifukwa kuzigwira kumatha kuyipitsa
• kumverera osakwanira ngati simungapeze katundu kapena mwangozi mwataya kapena munataya
• kukakamizidwa kuti muwone kapena kuwunikiranso zomwe muli nazo

Hoarding pamalingaliro a OCD amasiyana ndi vuto la hoarding, mkhalidwe wina wathanzi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi kupsinjika komwe kumakhudzana ndi OCD yokhudzana ndi kubisira.

Ngati muli ndi OCD, simukufuna zinthu zonse zomwe mumasonkhanitsa, koma mutha kukakamizidwa kuti muzisunge chifukwa chazokonda kapena zokakamiza.

Gawo lina la OCD limakhudza machitidwe, monga:

• kunyoza
• kuchotsa pakhosi
• kuphethira
• kugwedezeka

Izi zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe sizikufunika komanso nkhawa komanso kutha kumene kumatha kuchitika ndi OCD. Akuluakulu ndi ana onse akhoza kukhala ndi OCD yokhudzana ndi maphunziro. Nthawi zambiri OCD imayamba muubwana.

Ana samakumana ndi OCD nthawi zonse monganso akulu. Zokakamiza zimatha kukhala ndi mayankho osadziwika bwino, monga kupewa kulumikizana kapena kucheza, koma nthawi zambiri zimawonekabe.

Zowonera zitha kuwoneka zosawoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuganiza zamatsenga, kufunafuna kulimbikitsidwa, komanso kuwunika mayendedwe atha kukhala ngati magawo wamba otukuka.

Ana nawonso nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo kuposa akulu.

Kodi OCD imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za OCD, lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo. Amatha kudziwa OCD ndikugwira nanu ntchito kuti mupeze chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakufunsani za mitundu ya zizindikilo zomwe mumakumana nazo, kaya zimayambitsa mavuto, komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji yomwe amatenga tsiku lililonse.

Kuzindikira kwa OCD kumafunikira kuti zizindikiritso zimakhudza momwe mumagwirira ntchito tsiku lililonse ndikudya ola limodzi la tsiku lanu.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zomwe mumakumana nazo, chifukwa si mankhwala onse a OCD omwe ali ndi phindu lofananira ndi zizindikilo zonse.

Afufuzanso ngati muli ndi ma tiki kapena zizolowezi zina ndikukambirana za kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira kapena zikhulupiriro zomwe mwakhala nazo potengeka ndi zomwe mumakumana nazo.

Mwanjira ina, adzafuna kudziwa ngati mukumva kuti zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi OCD zikuyenera kuchitika, zitha kuchitika, kapena sizingachitike.

Wothandizira anu amafunsanso kuti mwakhala ndi zizindikilo zazitali bwanji. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa 2009 zikusonyeza kuti OCD zomwe zimayamba muubwana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Kodi chimayambitsa OCD ndi chiyani?

Akatswiri samvetsetsa kwathunthu chifukwa chake anthu ena amakhala ndi OCD. Ali ndi malingaliro ena pazomwe zingayambitse, kuphatikiza:

Mbiri ya banja

Muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi OCD ngati wachibale wanu alinso ndi vutoli. OCD yokhudzana ndi Tic ikuwonekeranso kuti ikuyenda bwino m'mabanja.

Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ndizotheka kuti majini ena atha kutenga nawo gawo pakukula, koma sanapezebe majini aliwonse omwe amachititsa OCD. Kuphatikiza apo, si anthu onse omwe ali ndi OCD amakhalanso ndi achibale omwe ali ndi vutoli.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zamoyo

Umagwirira ubongo ungathandizenso. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kusokonekera kwa magawo ena aubongo kapena mavuto atumizidwe kwa mankhwala ena amubongo, monga serotonin ndi norepinephrine, atha kuthandiza OCD.

Zinthu zachilengedwe

N'zotheka kuti kupwetekedwa mtima, kuzunzidwa, kapena zochitika zina zovuta zitha kutenga nawo mbali pakukula kwa OCD ndi matenda ena amisala.

Chinthu chinanso chachilengedwe chokhudzana ndi OCD ndi PANDAS, chomwe chimayimira matenda a ana omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a streptococcal.

Matendawa amapezeka mwa ana omwe amatenga matenda a strep kenako mwadzidzidzi amakhala ndi zizindikilo za OCD, kapena amakumana ndi zovuta za OCD pambuyo pa matenda a strep.

Pali umboni wocheperako wosonyeza kuti zinthu zina zimatha kuchititsa mitundu ina ya OCD. Koma wina akuyang'ana achinyamata 124 omwe ali ndi OCD amati OCD yokhudzana ndi ziwonetsero zikuwoneka kuti nthawi zambiri imayenda m'mabanja.

Kodi OCD amathandizidwa bwanji?

Akatswiri azaumoyo amaganiza kuti chithandizo ndi mankhwala, kapena kuphatikiza ziwirizi, kuti zithandizire kwambiri OCD.

Kuwonetsetsa ndikuwunika mayankho (ERP), mtundu wamakhalidwe azidziwitso (CBT), ndiyo njira yovomerezeka. Chithandizo chamtunduwu pang'onopang'ono chimakuwonetsani ku zovuta zanu kapena zinthu zomwe zimakukakamizani.

Pamalo otetezeka a zamankhwala, mutha kuphunzira momwe mungathanirane ndi zovuta zomwe mumakumana nazo osachita zokakamiza. Mwinanso mudzakhala ndi nthawi yochita maluso awa kunyumba kapena m'malo ena kunja kwa chithandizo.

Ngati muli ndi zisonyezo zazikulu za OCD, kapena ngati zizindikilo zanu zikuwoneka kuti sizikuyankha chithandizo chamankhwala chokha, omwe amakuthandizani ndi zamankhwala angakulimbikitseni kuyankhula ndi wazamisala zamankhwala.

Mutha kumwa mankhwala kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe mukuphunzira kuthana ndi zizindikiritso zamankhwala. Mankhwala omwe atha kukhala opindulitsa pazizindikiro za OCD amaphatikizanso antidepressants monga serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) kapena antipsychotic.

Chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri kwa OCD nthawi zina chimadalira matenda anu. Kafukufuku wina wa 2008 adayang'ana maphunziro omwe adalipo amomwe zimayendera matenda a OCD pamankhwala osiyanasiyana. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza umboni wosonyeza kuti pali zizindikiro zina zazing'ono, monga kuyeretsa ndi kuwonetsa zodetsa, sizingayankhenso ku SSRIs.

Kafukufuku yemweyo akuwonetsanso kuti chithandizo cha ERP sichingakhale chothandiza pamaganizidwe owonera. Njira zosiyanasiyana za CBT, monga CBT yolingalira, zitha kukhala ndi phindu lina.

Komabe, zotsatira zakusaka zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Anthu awiri samayankha nthawi zonse kuchipatala chimodzimodzi, ngakhale atakhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira.

Kulimbikitsana kwa ubongo ndi mtundu watsopano wamankhwala womwe ungathandize kusintha zizindikiritso za OCD mwa anthu omwe samawona kusintha ndi mankhwala ena.

Chithandizochi sichinafufuzidwebe, komabe. Zitha kubweretsa mavuto ena azaumoyo. Ngati mukufuna chidwi chokhudzidwa ndi ubongo, dokotala wanu woyang'anira chisamaliro choyambirira kapena wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kupereka zambiri.

Anthu ambiri amakumana ndi zizindikilo zazing'ono kapena zokakamiza nthawi ndi nthawi. Komanso si zachilendo kukhala ndi malingaliro olowerera kapena kukonza zomwe angatanthauze. Koma itha kukhala nthawi yoti mupeze thandizo kwa OCD ngati:

• Kutengeka kapena kukakamizidwa kumatenga nthawi yoposa ola limodzi patsiku lanu
• Malingaliro olowerera kapena zoyeserera zanu kuti muchepetse zimabweretsa mavuto
• Zizindikiro za OCD zimakukhumudwitsani, kukukhumudwitsani, kapena kuyambitsa mavuto ena
• Zizindikiro za OCD zimasokoneza zinthu zomwe mukufuna kapena mukufuna kuchita
• Zizindikiro za OCD zimasokoneza moyo wanu komanso ubale wanu

Wothandizira wanu wamkulu angakutumizireni kwa othandizira azaumoyo, monga wothandizira. Muthanso kufunafuna wothandizira mdera lanu pa intaneti.

Mawebusayiti ngati awa amapereka zolemba zamankhwala zomwe zimakuthandizani kupeza othandizira ena:

• Nkhawa ndi Kukhumudwa Association of America. Amapereka chithandizo ndi zothandizira kwa anthu komanso mabanja omwe akhudzidwa ndi OCD ndikupatsanso owongolera kuti akuthandizireni kupeza thandizo m'dera lanu.
• International OCD Foundation. Amatha kukuthandizani kuti muthandizidwe mdera lanu komanso zambiri zokhudza OCD.

• Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi OCD ndi otani?

  Popanda chithandizo, zizindikiro za OCD zitha kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi ndikukhudza ubale wanu komanso moyo wanu.

  Malinga ndi DSM-5, anthu omwe ali ndi "kuzindikira pang'ono" - iwo omwe amakhulupirira kwambiri kukhudzidwa kwa OCD ndikukakamizidwa - atha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala. Kusazindikira bwino za OCD kungapangitse chithandizo kukhala chofunikira kwambiri.

  Ndi chithandizo, OCD imayamba kusintha. Kupeza chithandizo kumatha kuthandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso moyo wabwino.

  Chithandizo sichimakhala chophweka nthawi zina. Therapy makamaka imatha kubweretsa nkhawa komanso kupsinjika. Koma samatirani dongosolo lanu la mankhwala, ngakhale mutakhala ovuta nawo poyamba.

  Ngati mankhwala akuwoneka kuti sakugwira ntchito kapena mankhwala anu amayambitsa zovuta zina, lankhulani ndi othandizira. Mungafunike kuyesa njira zingapo musanapeze njira yomwe imabweretsa kusintha kwambiri.

  Kugwira ntchito ndi wodwala wachifundo yemwe amamvetsetsa zizindikiro zanu ndi zosowa zanu ndichofunikira kuti musinthe.

  Mfundo yofunika

  Zizindikiro za OCD zitha kupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. N'zotheka kukhala ndi OCD pamodzi ndi matenda ena amisala ndi mikhalidwe, monga schizophrenia, nkhawa, matenda a tic, kapena OCD wobereka pambuyo pobereka.

  Zomwe mungakhale nazo, chithandizo chitha kuthandiza.

  Ngati mukulimbana ndi maudindo a tsiku ndi tsiku komanso maubale chifukwa cha zizindikilo za OCD, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani chithandizo kapena othandizira. Amatha kukuthandizani kupeza chithandizo choyenera kuti chikuthandizeni kuphunzira kuthana ndi OCD.