Makhiristo mu Mkodzo: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Zamkati

• Mitundu yamikodzo yamkodzo
• Uric asidi
• Calcium oxalate
• Zamatsenga
• Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
• Calcium carbonate
• Bilirubin
• Kashiamu mankwala
• Ammonium amasintha
• Cholesterol
• Mphepo
• Leucine
• Tyrosine
• Indinavir
• Kodi matenda amkodzo amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi izi ndizotheka?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

N 'chifukwa chiyani pali makhiristo mumkodzo wanga?

Mkodzo uli ndi mankhwala ambiri osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amatha kulimba kukhala makhiristo amchere. Izi zimatchedwa crystalluria.

Makhiristo amapezeka mumkodzo wa anthu athanzi. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa chazinthu zazing'ono ngati kuchuluka pang'ono kwa protein kapena vitamini C. Mitundu yambiri yamakristasi yamtundu wa mkodzo ilibe vuto lililonse.

Nthawi zina, makhiristo amkodzo amatha kukhala chizindikiritso cha vuto lalikulu. Zizindikiro zomwe zingawonetse vuto lalikulu zingaphatikizepo:

• malungo
• kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba
• magazi mkodzo
• jaundice
• kutopa

Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakristali ndi momwe amathandizidwira.

Mitundu yamikodzo yamkodzo

Pali mitundu ingapo yamikodzo yamkodzo.

Uric asidi

Uric acid makhiristo akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe: mbiya, mbale ngati, kapena diamondi. Amakhala ofiira lalanje kapena achikasu.

Amatha kupezeka mumkodzo wabwinobwino chifukwa cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa uric acid mumkodzo.

Zitha kupangidwanso ndi miyala ya impso, gout, chemotherapy, kapena chotupa cha lysis.

Zizindikiro za miyala ya impso zimapweteka kwambiri m'mimba, m'mbali, kapena kubuula; nseru; ndi magazi mkodzo. Zizindikiro za gout zimatha kuphatikizira kupweteka, kuuma, ndi kutupa palimodzi.

Chithandizo chimadalira momwe zimakhalira, koma kukhala ndi hydrated ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira makhiristo omwe. Onani zakudya zamadzi izi zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti musakhale ndi madzi.

Calcium oxalate

Makandulo a calcium oxalate amapangidwa ngati ma dumbbells kapena ma envulopu. Alibe mtundu ndipo amapezeka mumkodzo wathanzi.

Makristali a calcium oxalate amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi miyala ya impso, yomwe imatha kupangika ngati oxalate wambiri (wopezeka muzakudya monga sipinachi) uli m'dongosolo. Zizindikiro za miyala ya impso zimapweteka kwambiri m'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, malungo, komanso kuvuta kukodza. Njira zachilengedwe izi zitha kukuthandizani kulimbana ndi miyala ya impso kunyumba.

Nthawi zina, makhiristo a calcium oxalate amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa ethylene glycol, yomwe ndi poizoni ndipo imathandizira pakupanga ma antifreeze. Kuwonetsedwa kwa kompositi iyi kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro monga:

• Kukwiya pakhosi ndi m'mapapo
• mavuto apakati amanjenje
• aimpso kulephera

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kusintha kwa zakudya kuti muchepetse oxalate mu zakudya zanu ndikuwonjezera madzi. Akulimbikitsanso kuti muchepetse zakudya zamchere.

Zamatsenga

Makina a hippuric acid ndi osowa. Amatha kukhala ofiira achikaso kapena owoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi ma prism kapena mbale. Makhiristo a hippuric acid amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamodzi.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amayamba chifukwa cha mkodzo wa acidic pH, makhiristo a hippuric acid amathanso kupezeka mumkodzo wathanzi.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)

Makandulo a Magnesium ammonium phosphate nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda utoto, amakona anayi. Amatha kupezeka mumkodzo wathanzi, koma nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi matenda amkodzo (UTI). Zizindikiro zina za UTIs ndizo:

• mkodzo wamtambo
• pafupipafupi, wofunitsitsa kukodza
• kuzizira
• nseru
• kutopa
• kupweteka kwa msana
• malungo

Ngati UTI ikuyambitsa makhiristo, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti athetse matendawa.

Calcium carbonate

Makristal calcium carbonate ndi akulu, ma disc ozungulira okhala ndi malo osalala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira. Makhiristo a calcium carbonate - omwe ndi othandizira omwe mungatenge kuti mupeze calcium yochulukirapo - nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi miyala ya impso.

Ngati muli ndi timibulu ta calcium carbonate mumkodzo wanu, dokotala angakulimbikitseni kupeza calcium kudzera mu njira zina, monga kuwonjezera mkaka ku zakudya zanu, m'malo moonjezera.

Bilirubin

Bilirubin imapangidwa pamene kuwonongedwa kwabwino kwa maselo ofiira amwazi kumachitika. Wadutsa pachiwindi.

Makhiristo a Bilirubin amakhala ndi singano, ooneka ngati granular ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa kwambiri komanso achikasu. Minyewa yambiri ya bilirubin kapena bilirubin mumkodzo wanu imatha kuwonetsa matenda a chiwindi kapena kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kunyoza, kupweteka, kusanza, jaundice, ndi malungo.

Chithandizo chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa. Mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amalowetsedwa mu zakudya, makamaka pakagwa cirrhosis.

Kashiamu mankwala

Makandulo a calcium phosphate alibe mtundu ndipo amatha kuwoneka ngati nyenyezi kapena ngati singano, ngakhale atha kupanganso mbale. Amatha kuwonekera okha kapena masango. Nthawi zambiri amawoneka mu mkodzo wamchere, ngakhale amapezeka mumkodzo wabwinobwino.

Nthawi zambiri, makhiristo a calcium phosphate amatha chifukwa cha hypoparathyroidism. Zizindikiro za izi zimaphatikizapo kumva kulasalasa m'manja komanso kuphwanya minofu.

Chithandizochi chingaphatikizepo kumwa madzi ambiri, kupeza calcium yambiri, komanso kumwa mavitamini D owonjezera.

Ammonium amasintha

Makristali ndi mabulosi abulauni okhala ndi minga yosalala. Amakhala ngati nsikidzi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumkodzo wamchere, koma amatha kuwonanso mkodzo wabwinobwino.

Nthawi zina timibulu ta ammonium biurate timangowoneka chifukwa choti mkodzo ndiwakale kapena sunasungidwe bwino. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukumbukira mtundu wa mkodzo kumatha kulangizidwa ngati makhiristo atuluka.

Cholesterol

Makhiristo a cholesterol nthawi zambiri amawoneka owoneka bwino ngati mapangidwe ataliatali, okhala ndi mphako pakona. Amatha kuwoneka pambuyo poti mkodzo wakhalira mufiriji.

Makandulo a cholesterol amapezeka mumtsinje wosaloŵerera komanso wa asidi. Zitha kuyambika chifukwa cha matenda aimpso a tubular, omwe amatha kubweretsa kulephera kwa impso ngati sanalandire chithandizo.

Chithandizochi chitha kuphatikizira mankhwala a alkali kuti athandizire kuthana ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, monga matenda a impso.

Mphepo

Cystine ndi amino acid, ndipo imatha kuyambitsa makhiristo ndi miyala ya impso. Miyala ya impso yoyambitsidwa ndi cystine acid nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kuposa miyala ina yonse ya impso. Ndi chikhalidwe chosowa, ndipo nthawi zambiri chibadwa.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti cystine imangirire pamodzi ndikupanga makhiristo amatchedwa cystinuria. Makandulo, omwe amapezeka mumkodzo, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati ma hexagoni ndipo amatha kukhala opanda utoto. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira magazi mkodzo, mseru ndi kusanza, komanso kupweteka m'mimbamo kapena kumbuyo.

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala achinyengo, omwe amathandiza kupukuta timibulu.

Leucine

Makristali ndi ma disc abuluu achikasu okhala ndi mphete zowoneka ngati thunthu lamtengo. Makhiristo a Leucine nthawi zambiri samapezeka mumkodzo wathanzi. Amapezeka mumkodzo wa acidic. Nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha matenda owopsa a chiwindi. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kutupa m'mimba, kusanza, nseru, kusokonezeka, komanso kufooka.

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kukonza magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi komanso thanzi nthawi yomweyo. Izi ziphatikizapo mankhwala ochepetsa magazi komanso kuchepetsa kutupa komwe kumadza chifukwa cha madzimadzi owonjezera.

Tyrosine

Makristasi a Tyrosine alibe mtundu ndipo amakhala ngati singano. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumkodzo wa acidic, ndipo amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta zamagetsi monga matenda a chiwindi kapena tyrosinemia. Zizindikiro za tyrosinemia zimaphatikizapo kuvuta kunenepa, malungo, kutsegula m'mimba, mipando yamagazi, ndi kusanza.

Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso kumwa mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiza kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, komanso matenda ashuga.

Indinavir

Indinavir ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV. Zitha kupangitsa kupangidwa kwamakristasi mumkodzo. Makina a Indinavir amatha kufanana ndi ziphuphu, mapale amakona anayi, kapena mafani. Zizindikiro zina zamakristasi amtundu wa indinavir atha kuphatikizanso kupweteka kumbuyo kapena m'mbali.

Kodi matenda amkodzo amapezeka bwanji?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti muli ndi makhiristo amkodzo, ayenera kuti ayambe kuyesa kukodza. Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu amatha kuyendetsa mkodzo ngati gawo la kuchezera kwanu kapena kukayezetsa pachaka, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zodandaula zina.

Pakuyeza kwamkodzo, mudzafunsidwa kuti mupereke chitsanzo cha mkodzo. Katswiri wogwiritsa ntchito labu akuwunikiranso choyeseracho ayamba ayang'anitsitsa mtundu uliwonse kapena mitambo yomwe ingasonyeze kuti ali ndi matenda. Bilirubin imatha kusintha mkodzo kukhala tiyi wakuda, mwachitsanzo. Magazi amatha kuwonekera ndi maso.

Kenako adzagwiritsa ntchito dipstick kuti ayese zigawo zikuluzikulu mkodzo.

Katswiriyo pomaliza pake adzaunika zitsanzozo pogwiritsa ntchito microscope, pomwe amatha kuwona makhiristo ngati alipo.

Kutengera ndi zomwe dokotala wapeza, atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena. Mwachitsanzo, akapeza bilirubin mumkodzo wanu, atha kuyitanitsa magazi kapena ultrasound kuti iwunikire chiwindi chanu. Ngati makhiristo amkodzo amasonyeza cholesterol yambiri, iwo adzaitanitsa kuyezetsa mwazi kuti awone kuchuluka kwanu kwa cholesterol.

Kodi izi ndizotheka?

Makristasi amkodzo omwe samayambitsidwa ndi zovuta monga matenda a chiwindi kapena majini nthawi zambiri amatha kupewedwa. Nthawi zina, ngakhale crystalluria yoyambitsidwa ndi majini imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo kapena zakudya.

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera makhiristo am'madzi ndikumwa madzi ambiri ndikukhala ndi madzi ambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala mkodzo, kuteteza makhiristo kuti asapangike.

Muthanso kusintha zina ndi zina pa zakudya zanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuthandizani kudziwa zomwe mungasinthe malinga ndi mtundu wa makhiristo omwe muli nawo. Angakulimbikitseni kuchepetsa mapuloteni, mwachitsanzo, kapena kuchepetsa zakudya zamtundu wa oxalate (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi calcium oxalate crystals).

Kupewa zakudya zamchere kungathandizenso kupewa makhiristo angapo amkodzo, kotero kuchotsa zakudya zopangidwa kungakhale kopindulitsa.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Nthaŵi zambiri, makhiristo amkodzo amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo ndi zakudya. Nthawi zina, mankhwala angafunike kuti athetse zovuta.

Mukasintha mkodzo wanu, pangani nthawi yokaonana ndi dokotala wanu. Kudziwa ndendende mitundu yamakristalo yomwe ikupanga kungakuthandizeni inu ndi dokotala wanu kuti mumvetsetse chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli komanso momwe mungachitire.