Vasculitis: chomwe chiri, chimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Vasculitis, yotchedwanso angeitis, ndikutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ingakhudze chotengera chimodzi kapena zingapo, ndipo ngakhale ziwalo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zazikulu za vasculitis ndikuchepetsa kapena kutsekeka kwa magazi mumtsuko womwe wakhudzidwa, womwe ungayambitse ischemia, yomwe ndi kusowa kwa mpweya mu minofu ndipo imatha kubweretsa necrosis ya malo otupa.

Vasculitis imatha kugawidwa malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizolowezi mu:

• Pulayimale vasculitis, momwe zizindikirazo zimatha kuwonekera mwa anthu athanzi, osakhala ndi mbiri yazaka;
• Sekondale vasculitis, omwe zizindikiro zawo zimawonekera mwa anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda, monga lupus erythematosus, matenda a Buerger, schönlein-henoch purpura.

Kuzindikira mitundu yonse ya vasculitis kumachitika kudzera pakuyesa magazi ndi kulingalira kwa ma labotale, ndikofunikira kwa dokotala kuti aone kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwonetsa chithandizo chapadera kwambiri, chomwe chingakhale ndi corticosteroids kapena immunosuppressants.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambika kwa vasculitis sizimveka bwino, koma nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti ndizokhudzana ndi matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha, chifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti kutengera chibadwa ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuwonekera.

Komabe, pakadali pano pali zinthu zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimawonetsa kuthekera kokulitsa vasculitis mwa munthuyo, monga kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine kapena amphetamines, kupezeka kwa ma virus monga hepatitis B kapena C ndi parvovirus B19. Kuphatikiza apo, vasculitis amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta zina zamankhwala, monga Penicillamine, Propylthiouracil, Hydralazine, Minocycline kapena kukhudzana ndi silika.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti

Popeza chotengera chilichonse chamagazi chitha kukhudzidwa, vasculitis imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana kutengera dera kapena chiwalo chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za vasculitis malinga ndi dera lomwe lakhudzidwa, zitha kukhala:

• Khungu: madera oyera omwe amapezeka m'magulu ndipo amatha kuyambitsa khungu, kumva kulira kapena kutaya chidwi m'derali;
• Mphuno ndi makutu: zinabadwa sinusitis, nosebleeds, zinabadwa zilonda zam'mphuno kapena otitis, ogontha osakhalitsa, mawu hoarse, kupweteka m'mphuno;
• Impso: kupezeka kwa mapuloteni ndi / kapena magazi mu mkodzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi, miyendo yotupa ndi nkhope, mkodzo wamtambo;
• Matumbo kupweteka m'mimba nthawi zambiri mukatha kudya, chimbudzi chamagazi;
• Mapapo: kutsokomola magazi, kupuma movutikira, kupumira popuma, chibayo chotsutsana ndi maantibayotiki;
• Zogwirizana: kupweteka, kutupa, kutentha, kufiira ndi zovuta kusuntha mafupa;
• Maso: kuvuta m'masomphenya, kuwona kawiri kapena kusawona bwino, kupweteka kwa diso kapena diso lofiira;
• MitsemphaKuchokeramamembala: kufooka minofu, kumva kulasalasa, ziwalo.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapezekanso mu vasculitis ndikutaya thupi popanda chifukwa, kupweteka kwamthupi mobwerezabwereza, kutopa kwambiri, kusowa chilakolako, malaise kapena malungo.

Ngati pali kukayikira kuti ali ndi vasculitis, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala mwachangu, chifukwa vasculitis imatha kuwononga ziwalo monga mapapu kapena impso.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuzindikira kwa vasculitis kumapangidwa ndi angiologist kapena rheumatologist ndipo kumachitika pambuyo pofufuza mbiri yamatenda amunthuyo, ndipo nthawi zina kuyesa kwa labotale monga kuzindikira ma anti-cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), omwe ndi ma antibodies omwe amayambitsa cytoplasm, atha anapempha., kuyesa mkodzo, ma electrolyte, creatinine, kuyesa magazi kwathunthu ndi mayeso a FAN, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira kupezeka kwa ma autoantibodies m'magazi. Mvetsetsani zomwe mayeso a FAN ndi momwe amachitira.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti vasculitis yafika ku chiwalo, mayesero angafunikenso kuwunika momwe ziwalo zimakhudzidwira, monga kujambula kwa maginito, ultrasound ndi computed tomography, kuphatikiza pa biopsy.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya vasculitis chimachitika molingana ndi chifukwa cha kutupa komanso kuuma kwa mkhalidwe wa munthu. Nthawi zina, mankhwala amachitika ndi mankhwala a corticosteroid, monga hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, mometasone ndi betamethasone, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza ma immunosuppressants monga azathioprine, cyclophosphamide kapena mycophenolate. Onani mitundu yamtundu wa corticosteroids ndi zomwe amapangira.

Komabe, mu vasculitis, yomwe imakhudza ziwalo, munthuyo amayenera kukhala mchipatala kuti alandire chithandizo choyenera, ndipo nthawi zina opaleshoni imafunika kuti akhazikitsenso magazi mumtsuko wovulala ndi kutupa.

Pamodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo, pakadali pano machitidwe olimbitsa thupi opepuka, kupumula kokwanira, kudya bwino komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwawonetsedwa kuti ndikofunikira komanso ndi zotsatira zabwino kuchiza vasculitis.